 So, this is going to be a demonstration of the liver. Right now the liver is in situ. Let's take a look at what we can see in this relationship. This is the anatomical right lobe of the liver under the right dome of the diaphragm in the right hypochondrium. And this is the anatomical left lobe of the liver extending into the epigastrium and partly into the under the left dome of the diaphragm. So, this is the anterior superior surface of the liver and this is the posterior inferior surface of the visceral surface of the liver. The anterior superior surface is also referred to as the diaphragmatic surface. Now let's take a look at the margin. This is the inferior margin of the liver which separates the anterior superior surface from the posterior inferior surface. This inferior margin of the liver is normally adult inside the costal margin. However, in epigastrium the liver is enlarged only then it is palpable. In the case of children, the inferior margin may be normally palpable one centimeter below the right costal margin. Now let's come to movements of the liver. By virtue of its position and its attachment to the diaphragm, the right dome of the diaphragm is one centimeter or approximately one intercostal space higher than the left dome. And because of the same reason, when the patient reads in and out in a domino thoracic respiration, the liver moves in a vertical axis. In the midline, it moves up and down about four to eight centimeters. And in the right mid-clabicular line, it moves on about six to 12 centimeters with respiration. And that is the one which allows us to palpate the liver when we are doing a clinical palpation. The liver is closely related to the ribs and we shall show the markings of the ribs when I take out the liver. This structure that we see here, this is the falciform ligament. So let's take a look at how the falciform ligament is formed. And for that, I shall show you the anterior abdominal wall which we have retained here. So this is the remnant of the anterior abdominal wall, the linear alba that we can see here. This is the umbilicus. Extending from the under surface of the linear alba, we have this structure here. This is the falciform ligament. The falciform ligament, as we can see here, has got three margins. One margin is attached to the inner surface of the abdominal wall. Another margin is this one here. This is the one which is attached to the liver. And I shall show it, it's attached to the liver. And the third margin is free. And this free margin is the one which contains this structure that we can see here. This is the round ligament of the liver. So having shown the falciform ligament in the anterior abdominal wall, now let's come back to the liver. This is the remnant of the same falciform ligament. And we can see this is the margin which is attached to the liver. And this is the one which separates the liver into a right anatomical lobe and a left anatomical lobe. This was the margin which was attached to the anterior abdominal wall. And this is the free margin. The free margin is important for us. We can see the structure here running in the free margin. It has been cut here. And the other cut portion is here. This is the round ligament of the liver, which is a remnant of the umbilical vein. This umbilical vein during fetal life drains oxygenated blood from the placenta through the fetal umbilicus and it drains into the systemic circulation. After birth, this becomes a fibrose segment and that is known as the round ligament of the liver. Accompanied this, we can see these small veins here and we have dissected them out. We can see the vein here and we can also see some veins here. These are referred to as the parambilical veins. These are patent in adult life. And these parambilical veins, they communicate with small veins around the umbilicus. The small superficial veins around the umbilicus, they drain into the superficial epigastric vein. So, therefore, these parambilical veins running in the relciform ligament and the superficial epigastric veins, they form a site of proto-systemic anastomosis. And in case of cirrhosis with portal hypertension, these anastomotic channels become dilated and they radiate out from around the umbilicus and they form what is referred to as caput medusa. Let us now come to the spaces around the liver, the peritoneal spaces. Where my finger has gone in? This is referred to as the sub-phrenic recess, SPR. It is the space between the right bone of the diaphragm and the anterior superior surface of the liver. If I were to put my hand further deep inside, at one point my hand will stop. It will not go any further. And that limiting portion is by the anterior layer of the coronary ligament, which I shall show you when I take out the liver. This sub-phrenic recess is divided into a right half and a left half by this spalsiform ligament. Now, let's come to the next space. This space, where my finger is facing, this is called the sub-hepatic space. This is the one which is in relation to the gallbladder, diodenum, and transverse colon, posterior superior extension of this. Same sub-hepatic space, where my finger has gone in. This place, this is referred to as the hepatorenal recess or the moriscine pouch. This is a very important space when a patient is recombinant. This is the most dependent portion where fluid can collect, apart from the pelvic cavity. Just like the sub-phrenic recess, in the hepatorenal recess, also if I were to put my finger deep inside, between the liver and the right kidney, at one point my finger will not go any further. That limiting portion is caused by the posterior leaf of the coronary ligament. And we can see that all these three spaces, sub-phrenic recess, sub-hepatic space, and the hepatorenal recess for the moriscine pouch, they are in communication with each other and also with the general peritoneal cavity. The hepatorenal recess also communicates through the omental foramen with the lesser sac. And the lesser sac also has got a superior recess, which goes behind the liver. And that is also limited by the posterior leaf of the coronary ligament. The importance, clinical importance of these recesses is that it can be sites of abnormal fluid collection or blood or pus collection in peritonitis and any after surgery of the liver or gallbladder. So now we have e-viscerated the liver or from its location. So this is the right anatomical lobe of the liver. And this is the left anatomical lobe, which I have already mentioned, separated by the falsiform ligament. This is the inferior margin of the liver, which separates the anterior superior surface from the posterior inferior of the visceral surface. This is the surface, which is in relation to the stomach, esophagus, stomach, diodenum, the kidney supra-regional gland. This is the region of the portahepatitis. Let us come to some other structures that we can see here after removing. We can see this is the visceral peritonium, part of which has been stripped off. And under the visceral peritonium is a layer of condensed fibrous tissue, which is referred to as the glistens capsule. We can see these markings here. These are the rib markings, because it is in contact with the right coastal margin. Whenever there's any injury to the right hypochondrium or fracture of the right ribs from seventh to the 11th ribs, then we must suspect liver injury. And we can suspect intraperitoneal bleeding. Now I will draw your attention to this line that we can see here. And we can see this line going all the way around. This is the anterior leaf of the coronary ligament. And similarly, we can show this line here. And this is the left side anterior leaf of the coronary ligament. So what is this coronary ligament? This coronary ligament is a roughly quadrangular shaped membrane of peritonium, which attaches the liver to the under surface of the diaphragm. Anterior layer of the coronary ligament is formed by the splitting of the falciform ligament. And on either side on the left side and on the right side, the anterior and the posterior layers of coronary ligament meet to form the left and the right triangular ligaments respectively, which also attach the liver to the diaphragm. Now I'm turning the liver to show the line of the posterior layer of the coronary ligament. This is the posterior layer of the coronary ligament here and this is the posterior of the coronary ligament going here. The posterior layer of the coronary ligament becomes continuous with the right leaf of the epitogastric ligament. The space of the liver between the anterior and the posterior layer, this portion is referred to as the bare area of the liver because it does not have any visceral peritonium. This is the sheet of visceral peritonium that we can see from the normal side and here we can see the surface is rough. This is the portion which is in direct contact with the diaphragm and this is the place which gives access to the lymphatic channels directly from the liver into the diaphragm, into the posterior gastronome on the right side. Passing through the bare area of the liver, we can see this is the inferior vena keva which we have got. This was only the first part of the three-part series video. Stay tuned for the second video and the third video. Thank you very much for watching. Dr. Sanjay Sanyal signing out. David O is our camera person. Have a nice day.