 I'm Joshua Brown from Imperial College London. Particle jamming is a well-explored technique for rendering hardness and softness in tactile interfaces and works by evacuating the air from a particle fluid to force the individual particles to compact and the fluid as a whole to harden. Traditionally, this has required heavy bulky vacuum pumps and expensive regulators to build usable systems. This paper proposes and evaluates two mechanical methods of actuating a particle jamming device. In the direct compression approach, a mechanical plate or piston is used to compress the particles into an inelastic pouch, forcing them together. In the constrictive actuation approach, the pouch is twisted by a motor from one end in order to tighten the material around the fluid, compressing it from all sides. We hope that these techniques will improve the cost, portability and accessibility of variable stiffness tactile displays and encourage the soft haptics community to consider inventive approaches to actuating soft haptic interfaces without using pneumatic systems.