 So I'd like to hand the next presentation over to Jean Ribert François, talking about harvesting well-being, examination and consideration for community by agricultural producers. So a little bit about myself. You can call me Jean. And I'm now a graduate student at Kansas State University, the Department of Geography. My previous education was in agricultural economics and community sciences. What matters to me right now in terms of research is to understand how interaction between human activities and environment-shaped world and scape and communities. And my dissertation focuses on exploring consideration of community informing decision. So nothing new here. And I feel like this picture is really cool. That is the third model of sustainability. Let's talk about the triple of sustainability. They have people, protection and profit. And by people, people who depend on agriculture. And by that, I mean, I would say everybody on earth depend on ag, some way they connect to get food, things like that. Some people connect more directly to it, but everyone else connect to agriculture. And also we need to protect our land and water, that water or food production depend on our resource base and also the little green circle over there is directly for farmers, I can say. That the agriculture profession should allow people that connect to it, like farmers, for example, to live happily. And really a lot of, we cannot talk right now about the community well-being without like referring to this going discussion about sustainability and sustainable development. Because including community in our action or informing decision making is like a sustainability action. And there is a lot of discussion about sustainability and sustainable development. And a lot of this discussion, whether in the academic space or in organization, they consider the future well-being as an outcome for sustainability. And when I say well-being here, I see both individual human, individual well-being and community well-being as outcome of sustainability. And there is a various discussion, various proposition on how to integrate, include sustainability thinking in everyday action. But that's not an easy task, because managing for well-being is not an easy task. That would involve things like navigating complex interaction between a lot of things, economic, environmental and social factors. And we know that that's not easy, that we need strategies and it's complex, but the complexity of it should, we should not care about this complexity to not even start thinking about like possible ways to include that. In our action. So as I am studying community well-being and integration in coming decision making. So I was decided to construct a community well-being measure just to get an understanding of a baseline understanding of what is happening on the ground. So I construct this index measure of well-being using mostly secondary data from the US and Susby mostly. And I include data on basic material need, I think like food, access to food, shelter and water. I include data on health, education, opportunity, social community and security. And the evaluation across counties and unfortunately some counties to not show good figure of community well-being. And most importantly, what my biggest concern was for the some agricultural communities, the data that I present that really not really good. And that's my interest to like exploring where the community well-being is really an important thing in farming decision making. So the project that I apply a for the sale graduate student project program. And the project that I have is we ask for the community well-being matter in landscape management of US farming system. And this project is intended to address the three pillar of sustainability. Like in the economic side, the way the project try to examine if the integration of community well-being into decision making can even indirectly lead to better condition for farmers, better well-being for farmers. Even improving the farm profitability and also economic security thing like that. And the environmental side, we're trying to see if concern for environment or if concern for the border community are they in the thinking of the agricultural producer, for example, if they take that into account. In the in the parties and the in the social side, trying to identify some strategies to better improve this perspective like antiquated community well-being into a agricultural decision making. So, we use interview and survey to collect data for this. And the data was collected through a larger project that my supervisor, a colleague, which identify trying to identify barriers and bridges to a diversification of our cultural system. And we interview like the total of 50 participants and we include agricultural producers and agricultural expert in the interviews. And those interviews were conducted in four colonies and these colonies were selected based on the diverging trend in terms of a diversification of the farming system. And we ask a lot of questions related to community integration into farming decisions. For example, there is one question that asked farmers to provide example of think they avoid in the farming practice because they think this would have negative impact on the community. We have a lot of questions like that in the interviews and we use data from the interviews to decide the survey and the survey was conducted it was like 35 counties. So far we got 107 valid case from for the survey. And the demographics like for the survey it's like a major Italy wide. All the mail, which is not different from a lot of things that is done in the literature. And yeah, this picture, you can show how the distribution of this is the count, but we will be the survey and those buffering is that the county is where we conduct the interviews. And we got civil inside interesting inside from the from the interviews. And that kind of show there is a shift in paradigm now, in terms of how farmers or agricultural producers they continue in the decision making for example with I have this perspective from one participant that's why integrate for example the community they consider that in the in the decision making trying to like avoid to use some chemicals that they think that would be bad for the community thing like that, but that show that suggest that there is, they are conscious about it. They're conscious about the consequences of the, of the practice on the border community so they take action for that. That's really great. And I know the consideration that probably from the interviews is like a resource management, a resource usage. And we got the people that like diminish the use of resources just for the sake of a to balance the need of the community and the need of the agricultural system. And, and mostly with the climate change, a lot of drought in the past, in the past years. So they do that. These these participants say sometimes I don't like what I'm because that we have we have people and they all come out of the event and local community are actually from about the river or the water in the community. So sometimes had to come for that. So they try to balance that between the community need and also the farming practice. So that's that's really good. A good thing for both the community and the farmers as well. And supporting the local community and fostering the community relationship local community relationship. Papio image as one consideration that farmers express in the in the interviews, like a lot of farmers they say they prefer buying them locally, instead of seeking external source. And also whenever possible they try to sell the product locally whenever possible. So that's the school of these these participants say I like to try to be small down the businesses in the small town, and I'll be honest. Yeah. That's, that's really important they, they, they are conscious about what is going on right now in terms of economics and see a lot of presentation this morning that talk about declining. Community so that's going to be something for this place. And also community engagement and participation that another team that image from the discussion with farmers. And a lot of people they getting involved in in community activities and, and, for example, a summer provide his perspective about getting young people engage, educate them a transfer cultural knowledge in the community, and to support, not only the present but also the future of agriculture That's really great to to see how they consciously consider community well being into the decision making. And I can say this is a product she because a lot of things you see in the literature, you can see a really a negative aspect from the farming from from farming to community but that's really surprised me how I can get all this story from from the farmers. And we got some result from the survey and these are just preliminary because we keep getting a service participant. And we asked farmers just this about the well being we asked them if they are satisfied with their level of autonomy, for example, being their own boss and most of them they feel like they satisfy with the level of autonomy. And also we got the same figure with when we asked about the time spent with family and also the quality of life in general. And most of them they say yes, we satisfy with that. Well we got some concern is like a good number of our medicine. We not too much satisfied with our net income. So these are two statements that we had in the interview in this survey a questionnaire that first as farmers about the awareness regarding the consequences of the of the practice practice for the local community, for example, and we think the level of agreement among the and they are quite a strong a level of agreement about this they are aware that the practices may impact negatively or positively the community. And because they are aware of that we asked this question if they think the community into consideration in the practice and there is a strong agreement between them. They are aware of that. And also they act to take into consideration what is going on in the community. So this group of questions asked what matters for being a good father. Yeah, hi. These two types is like a really traditional thing like being maximizing profit and and like that. But with this question he trying to balance a economic and environmental consideration. You can see a lot of. A lot of demands and they say yes, which I don't think that's important for us right now. And also this is a question over here. They try to see the long term perspective versus short term perspective. A lot of people they say yes, we try to consider the long term in our back in our business. And they are trying to look at the future generation. And a lot of them they say yes, we think the community. This is important for us in our practice to be a good farmer right now. And this I give this reason they give hope because we need to shift in perspective to save what we have now the reality we have now. In terms of consequences of farming consequences of practice and some potential benefit for farmers and communities. And some of this I think some of these on this set with it on this same material. I enhance reputation and public well she because I got some quote that exemplify this. It enhance reputation in public relation when the farmer for example they try to come sit there the community in the relation and get active in the community thing like that, that tried to that try to have a better image in the in the community and also that that kind of create more opportunities for them to to sell their product or thing like that. And also that kind of help them collaborate and have more people to collaborate in policymakers and researchers and even among farmers as well. And the overall objective, the enhance family well being when they when they try to integrate community in the practice because having strong tie in the community that is something really important to improve a well being. Like here I have these two good and trying to exemplify these a benefit for farmers and communities like the first person see the more they stay involved in what happening in the community in the industry, the more they feel they better off and also be the second they a lot of thing they do and dress try to connect with people in the in the industry in the community. So in conclusion, and from what we have so far, there are some consideration in of community in farming decision and farmers consider a both social, economic and environmental factors in the decision making. And we need that, that's great hope. We need that because we need to like create if we need to create a better pathway to agriculture, agricultural sustainability. So we need that a conscious action for from the will act to do that, but the integration of community well being into decision making is not like a simple thing that farmers just think about that. But this is something that tissue by the larger concept larger context like the societal context the political thing and and the economic things surrounding the surrounding this thing this consideration is influenced by that, because you can see some got one farmer say he got a great and it can focus on educating youth on in the community that that shifting on the ground. I think that's what I have and what I think in my major supervisor that help a lot. The team that a condom this research, also the funding agencies, say, USD and if I can stay. Thank you. If you have any questions, I'm happy to take them so Jackson. I don't know if you run or collected the data and way to do this but you look like your surveys and your interview communities were spread out across the country. Were there any, I don't know regional effects that you noticed in terms of like this region the farmers are more concerned about the community well be, you know, was there anything like that or was it just kind of even across the board. Yeah, cool. That's that the analysis we are trying to do. And we do not get to that right now but we are trying to do that to see if there are difference between a system if they consider that that's going to be the next step. So if a question will come from a bit more comment I'm really really grateful for your idea to do this and to put it out like that because I think that on to find qualitative reasons why we're farming is so important and it makes me want more players in the big market to be doing this research and to be getting attention to it and to understand that yet farmers want to be farmers on their community and just brought up the last session I went to the peace pipeline building and the teacher there she's a professor but is indigenous and talked about the framework of even the previous session of water rights first water responsibility and finding these resources for responsibility and even though I know we're using those words it just seemed like that was this mentality of it's not just what's mine and I want mine and you can't have it and I need it. So what's our responsibility to one another and as part of the ecosystem where we're all not just in a related but actually the same relatives with all of those what we call resources so my question but I'm just feeling like so much gratitude putting that down in the way that we have to have it in numbers. And I can say that really there is like kind of a shift in perspective how farmer considered themselves now in terms of our objective. In the past they will a good deal. That was considered as to be considered as a good farmer you need to have good deal but now they got off trying to shift the perspective to include a lot of things in the in the in the practice. That's really cool to see. And what we see an observation we see in the interviews. Farmers they they consider community well being in the decision but when we do not ask them if they consider that they do not provide that as a consideration. In the practice they more focused on market on the economic part of it. A climate change for example, instead of will think they do in the community that that is something. And also we have something coming up. It's for farmers and trying to get strategies that's for the big project that was conducted this is a college data collection. If they can they trying to get best strategies to diversify agricultural system in the US so that's going to be a focus group. If anyone farmers feel interested or a professional feel interested. They can just scan this QR code and there is a formula for just put your information we can get back to you. It's going to be in Spain in January or February thing like that. Well, that concludes this session here thank you so much for coming to our conference.