 Welcome to the Global Symposium for Regulators 2023, GSR23 here in Shamal Sheikh in Egypt. We're very pleased to be joined in the studio today with Isabel Marra, who is the Director-General of JISOA, the Global Satellite Operators Association. Isabel, welcome to the studio. Thank you. Thank you very much, Max. And it's my pleasure to be here for the first year as a representing, you know, the satellite industry as JISOA. So honored to be here. Excellent. Okay. Well, what are your impressions so far? It's been, we've come a long way. I think, you know, the first GSR I attended was at the very beginning when industry started being invited. So for me, it's been a very interesting journey to be representing here as mobile operators when I was with the GSMA, then with the World Economic Forum on a broader I-City capacity and now with the satellite. Coming from the satellite industry, I would say that what has struck me is really the attention that is being paid and given to the satellite industry. And I think that is a very big evolution and it's also a reflection, I guess, of what is happening in our sector, which is, you know, I think you're the director of the Radio Communication Bureau and the CPM meeting mentioned that there was a satellite was going for a rebirth. And I think we can really feel that rebirth here as well with, you know, the discussions with the regulators and clearly being a WRC year for us, it's absolutely critical to have these discussions with the regulators. In particular in terms, of course, of spectrum and the needs of spectrum, I think for it is not just about, you know, keeping or having the spectrum that we need for services that are being offered in satellite, but it's really the new breadth of services, the plethora of services that are going to be offered and are not started to be offering by NGOs, so the discussion, the dialogue with the regulators is more important than ever for us. I think somebody mentioned as a conclusion of the, you know, the meetings we had at the industry meeting, the NCROs on Monday, it's all about collaborative regulation. And I think one of the expressions that has struck me the most is this, that more and more we need collaborative regulation. We need to understand each other's needs on both sides because our common goal is to connect the 2.7 billion that are still not online, you know, but not access to the Internet. And I do believe that collaboration is really key, public, private, but also within industry with verticals. We talk about inclusive digital transformation, which I think is really key. We have a massive role to play as satellite because we are the only one who can reach where, you know, hard to reach locations for underserved and underserved communities. And so I believe that collaboration with over vertical, you know, such as healthcare, financial services, transport, agriculture, all of this is going to become critical as collaboration with mobile operators. We are seeing more, you know, terrestrial, non-terrestrial integration. And so all these subjects I think have been touched upon, have been discussed here. And those are really areas that I think, you know, we need to also move forward to if we are really being serious about making a jump into this acceleration of digital inclusion. Is there one key challenge, you think, for the flowable satellite operators at the moment? There are probably many. A key challenge I think for us, clearly this year is the, you know, the focus again is on spectrum because it's WRC. It's to ensure that really we have enough spectrum, not just now, but for the services, you know, that we really need regulation that is going to be provides, you know, certainty for the services as well that we are going to be launching. As I said, you know, the industry is looking at a plethora of new services. You have, you know, satellite direct to handset. We have backhaul, satellite backhaul. We are looking more and more into IoT. We are becoming truly an industry that is going to connect IoT to areas where they could never go. So to us, in order to serve small enterprises in rural areas to achieve all these goals, you know, the challenge is to have enough spectrum. And I think this is something that, you know, we really stand firm on. But also again, for me, the point is really to ensure that we've regulators, we really have this collaboration where we can really help each other serve the same goal that we have. At the conclusion to this symposium, what you hope will be some of the key takeaways? Action. I think, you know, we talk a lot. We meet and talk a lot. And then, you know, a lot of you go to a lot of meetings where the same conversation happens. And I think, you know, your secretary general mentioned it yesterday. It's taken COVID really and a pandemic to make an incredible acceleration where we connected more than a hundred, you know, million people during just that short period of time. If there is a will, there is a way. And I think now it's really time for us to accelerate. And a plea for me to governments is I know there is a war. There is, you know, a war, many wars, but one that is catching a lot of attention, very staggering inflation. Do not let connectivity lag behind. You know, connectivity still remains the oxygen, the blood life of every economy to strive and to grow. And we need a combination of technologies for that to happen. So, you know, pull out the strength of satellite, of mobile, of Wi-Fi. Pull all of that together. And we are the first one as an organization to want this collaboration to ensure that we all help each other and work towards the common goal. And I'll maybe conclude by saying that we need that collaboration to ensure that we have business models that are economically viable. This is not philanthropy. You know, we need to be economically viable in order to do that and in order to help reduce cost of services to citizens, to enterprises, to governments and be efficient, you know, in the delivery of our services. So, Mero, Director-General of the Dessert. Thank you very much indeed for being with us today. Thank you very much. My pleasure. Thank you. Thank you. 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