 To set the stage for the 1950s, Jonas Sock developed the polio vaccine. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the landmark civil rights case Brown v. Board of Education that separate public schools for black and white students was unconstitutional, and Disneyland opened in California. In 1955, the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, or UNSCARE, was established. Also, the Russell-Einstein Manifesto was issued in London, including the signatures of the late Albert Einstein and other prominent scientists which drew attention to the world political leaders to the dangers posed by nuclear weapons. Peaceful uses of the atom continued as shipping port atomic power station opened on the Ohio River in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, USA. Shipping port was the world's first full-scale atomic electric power plant, devoted exclusively to peacetime uses. It remained in operation until 1982. By 1959, Hawaii and Alaska joined the Union. President Eisenhower established the Federal Radiation Council to provide radiation protection guidance to federal agencies and issue radiation protection guides for workers in the public. The first guide limited radiation exposure for the public at a whole-body dose of 500 milli-rem per year over 30 years. ICRP Publication 2 introduced the first set of Occupational Exposure Limit Recommendations that would become the basis for the first set of complete radiation protection regulations in the country, named 10 CFR Part 20.