 So watching the breakfast and plus TV Africa and now time to dive into the details the headlines for the nation's National dailies and very interesting and juicy stories on offer today. I'd like to at this point welcome our guest analyst He's a legal practitioner to the call up Wally. Good morning to you. Mr. Caller. Well, thanks for joining us All right, and let's let's get straight to the first paper We're starting with a punch a new super and some interesting headlines there the lead story marketers Labor worn as FG pushes refineries repairs to buhari's successor Quite a surprise on page two the following riders No subsidy removal until refineries are working under next government silver without repairing the finders fuel price hike imminent says marketers fault Policies at the top of the front page of the punch newspaper 6.6 million Nigerians become MTN shareholders telco rakes in 111.75 Billion Naira details on page 19 Buhari mandates gambari in gig a damu to resolve assu crisis begs Lecturers. We're still there. We have not moved Details on page nine Wicked dodges questions on presidential ambition says window still open page 12 Those who know the man I've studied him for about 70 years. Yeah, don't take too much from what he's saying right now All revenue plunges as Nigeria misses January OPEC quarter That's quite unfortunate still the punch newspaper convicted maynards 27 billion narrow for a fraud approved by or on say a says EFC sees or say his name Pompey pop up and popping up again as fast corruption in Nigeria is concerned 22,000 mother-to-child HIV transmissions recorded yearly NACA. That's a national agency for control of AIDS At the bottom of that front page Prof awarded SA and at 90 dies at you see age at 91 may so rest in peace Cardinal list 1192 killed in 2021 aro fire insist terrorists must die Or bus on Joe fumes over fire in Benway farm Autumn orders probe or bus and Joe fumes of a far in Benway farm autumn orders probe reps could recommend 390 million narrow compensation for customs killings in oil Katsina there we go again Kidnap epidemic gunmen abduct XLG chair for others in a kitty and US resumes no interview process for Nigerians seeking viscer Renewal lose the headlines on the front page of the punch All right, let's move away from the punch newspaper this morning and take a quick look at the daily independent the banner caption says Electoral Act amendment bill 2022 Resist pressure give ascent PDP nas cacos tells Buhari and acts party to avoid imposition of candidates in 2023 Slams APC for allegedly filling Nigerians. There's a riders underneath the board caption away from that you also have bandits killed 1192 and kidnapped 3348 in Kaduna in 2021. This is according to the government 2023 presidential elections article in my net in Mina meets Ibrahim Babangida Bada Masi Thoggs vandalized article campaign office and born PDP secretariat in Gumbay These are also some of the headlines you find this morning PDP elders at Emmanuel not to plunge party into crisis Are you led national working committee to meet governors? Only anti-viral drugs will end COVID-19 not vaccines This is according to the WH or don't you find this very interesting and intriguing? so we probably might just be moving away from the issue of vaccines and getting to anti-viral drugs and We will honor agreement with ASU. Buhari assures acts union to be Consistent of federal government physical pressure Completion of lecky port final solution to a papa great log. This is what the governor's good at to say song will do That's what you find there But this is some of the stories we're able to take this morning on the daily independent newspaper Let's go over to the nation this morning. We lead headline there We can't stop south From getting PDP ticket we can't stop south from getting PDP ticket and rider clock Buhari's successor should come from south and yesterday we saw some story about wiki and a couple of other governors in the PDP from the south Going against a tickle and I think it was time well over this presidency issue Would ask I guess what I'd have to plunge the party into a sort of internal crisis still with the nation newspaper us begins no visa interview for renewal for Nigerians that is us begins no interview visa renewal in Nigeria. Sorry about that How to end banditry killings by air Rufi how to end the banditry killings by L. Rufi? 1192 killed 3348 kidnapped in Kaduna last year insurgents killed three soldiers eight others in Niger for Extranover at official window dropped from four point four four billion dollars to two point one eight billion dollars Naira appreciates 415 to the dollar at the official market At the top of that front page this missile of suit clays way for Balugin as Oulu badon 50,000 barrels of crude lost to oil thieves daily Illumelu four billion dollars wasted and an empty and Niger is offer over subscribed by 38 Billionaire and gunman kidnapped ten farmers in on the five in Eqiti Mother bottom of that front page or Tom or Tom orders probing to a Bassenger farm fire And a tempted coup in Guinea-Bissau. There's a stories coming on the front page of the nation All right, let's also look at the Nigerian Tribune this morning and the page on the Nigerian Tribune board caption says Clagged to Attico and Syracuse tambour well don't run Nuth has ruled for 45 out of 961 years of independence. I mean, this is actually the premise that this is put out He says I will make my attention known soon Former vice president Attico Bobacca is quoted on that you have All of that on the Nigerian Tribune this morning as a board caption a way you also have cool Cool fever spreads to Guinea-Bissau as gunfire erupts near presidential palace Revs acts customs to pay 390 million era compensation to victims, you know your and Katsina state Banditry 1192 people killed in Kaduna in 2021 This is going to report insorgency Boronu government declares 100,000 peasants missing gunmen abduct farmer owner and Workers in on door. I will honor agreement with ASU This is according to the president of the federal Republic of Nigeria president Muhammad Abu Havi and ritual killings If I doesn't support use of human parts for wealth Traditional worship is a courted on that particular one. Let's just quickly take one or two headlines before we move away and but they break silence and six active youths participation in politics and That's it this morning on the Nigerian Tribune. Well, let's just head straight to having tundir Kola Wale She has thoughts this morning on some of the big stories. It's good to have you join us tundir Kola Wale Okay, so which of the headlines interest you let's put it out that way Exactly any story that can make you happy exactly any story in all those That gives us a glimpse or a real hope That we are about to see the end of the dark tunnel and then imagine to a new material But without us, it's me the story with regards to ritual killing kind of My mind wise wise If you see young boy If I do see young boy and it's anything else boy We are arrested by the police We were sent to a video a teenager like that somewhere This carpeted at the head and they were going to use it for ritual money-making property So all over the country where you are you go to do is either what you are engaged in ritual killing for making money proposing or they are engaged in Yahoo Yahoo or they are engaged in amuropris or they are engaged in banditry and all manners of criminalism And this big volume for us as a people Because we say the children and the youth are supposed to be the creature of the country So if we are put into this kind of theory at this stage in our life in our country What is going to be our hope? What is going to be our future? Affirmation In a way you wouldn't blame those children too much It is a fact that we have laid as our people check all our lives in Nigeria You actually can play the only thing of their word And those of us who can play the only thing of their word The word is slightly or would most likely be coming from Connecting levies, charges and royalties and range from ordinary poor Nigerian people and then from the oil sector Such as no Nigerian allies want to work again All they want to do is to collect rents and many levies and charges to make a good living And the children are watching all of this Those who are not engaged in order, they go into politics and the public sector and then begin to steal money A few days ago, the newly elected governor Soldado, get most of the people that we will find in politics today are George Barone and Richard Killers and Corgis and Laura But if the elder that is engaged in such a manner You will not accept the children to be engaged in a different manner So we really need something decided in this area To let the children know that there is no Richard killing or Richard or whatever that you can do That you make as rich as Nicodangoche That you make as rich as a rabble, the poor man or his girl So the mission is at the crossroads Parents are also playing their responsibility in the upbringing of these children Most times we go as our children Where they go to whatever shoe, whatever clothes or whatever clothes that they are using If our children are the parents now Buy a laptop for their children and ask them to go and learn how to do yaw-yaw-woo There was a time that modus forms, yaw-yaw-woo modus associations And not because they are from here in Christy So it is their children that were being engaged in this business So all these things hurt my heart, I swear to God So I learnt these stories of Richard Killers Okay. Thank you very much Mr. Kolo, let's look at the headline from the Poinchini stipper Of course, the Minister of State for Petroleum Resources, Timmy Presilva, was on TV. And he talked about the fact that the successor to President Buhari will have to complete the repairs of the nation's refineries, Nigeria has four refineries. And we're hearing that labor and the marketers are warning that this will push the price of PMS up, especially with the expected removal of the fuel subsidy. So the Minister of State for Petroleum was basically saying it's down to the next government after Buhari to complete the refineries so that we can have them producing at maximum level. And what to take on the fears expressed by labor, expressed by marketers of the impending increase because the government is saying they can't complete the refineries repair and renovation on time before they leave. When I support the position of labor, in fact, I was already preparing for the demonstrations and process that labor said we're going to impact our funds with regards to the increases in oil prices on legal score off. You have to enforce the position of labor with regards to the position that they are taking in the petroleum sector, the petroleum industry. Our petroleum sector has become a very, very old scam. And with the end lines, like I said, may I make a claim without adding value or improving whatever they have met in that area? It is sad that as an oil-positive country, we have to face this most. Of course, whether it's the oil or diesel or whatever, that doesn't happen in Saudi Arabia. It doesn't happen in Qatar. And most of these oil-positive countries are the worst. And like I said, petroleum refineries is not broken fine. They've been doing it for more than 100 years. So it shouldn't be a thing that should be difficult for us to do. There are also refineries that are 100 years old, several years older than our own, that are still running smoothly. So why would we not be able to run our own that is like a 50-30-year-old? It beats my imagination. The truth of the matter is that when Nigerian allies are preparing for a election, when Nigerian allies have some jamboree programs in back of home and all that, it is well said so that they want 50 and 30 arms to clean up both of these projects. In my case, the contractor has been awarded by the present regime. You are living in 2023 and you are awarded contract for external and maintenance of the refineries to be completed in 50 years' time. Why don't you lead that contract to the incoming company? For me, something is fishy in that way there. And I've also spoken with engineers who have worked in both refineries, who have worked in the rest sector. And they told me that we don't require more than six months to do the turnaround maintenance of all our refineries. They are not too big or too... They are not even the size of most of the refineries if I'm in some other place. That they complete the turnaround maintenance in three months. Imagine if that's what the refineries comes up with and then the plant has a problem. We don't have to wait for six years to do the maintenance of the turnaround. That will not happen because it exists but it knows the implications. The refineries will turn on the refineries. You don't even have to wait for them to turn on the refineries. But you see, when the relics want to render and then they want to enrich their political party, their families are not up. That is when you see them award their contract for maintenance of those refineries. More importantly too, from what we have seen over the years now, it has become apparent that government has no business running any of these refineries. They will never run it well. So the problem will have to be encouraged more of a decodant business to establish refineries because the more you have, according to the laws of economics, the cheaper the problem will become because if it's market positive and we determine... What's in that area? Yes, please, sorry to interrupt you, but are we not getting ahead of ourselves and is labor and the market as for themselves is also part of labor because they go on strike once in a while? Are we not going too far and probably blowing hot air? The issues, the concerns raised by labor over the increase in the price of the fuel when the subsidies are removed, because the federal government has pushed the removal of subsidy to the next government, or they're saying they won't remove the subsidy until this rehabilitation is completed. And we're seeing that the contracts are awarded to Techni-Mont SBA in March 2021 last year. And it was made clear when these contracts were already approved rather by the federal executive council that the rehabilitation, as Timmy Pressilver calls it, was going to take three phases. He said 18 months, 24 months and 44 months. And so this was expected. There's nothing we can do about it better than ever. And he's also said before now, last year, that the renovation or rehabilitation would see, for instance, the two refineries in Port Hacot producing at 60% capacity. So we'll see production coming in at the end by September, if you calculate 18 months from March last year, September, October, at least by the end of 2022. We should see the Port Hacot refinery producing at 60% capacity. So shouldn't we be optimistic rather? And the ones in Kaduna and Wari probably taking a slower time because it started later that the rehabilitation in Port Hacot, shouldn't we be more optimistic instead of the pessimism? I am not optimistic at all. Taking the existence of the Nigeria in their life into consideration, and our issue as a people, move and take your records. There has never been any government that we have had since 1999. That is the report of this same guru that has not done one turn around maintenance of the order on all those refineries. And at the end of their turning around, have we kept anybody for our money? Are those refineries producing more or better for optimal capacity? The answer is lies. You know, they don't look for money for the next election. That's why they have awarded a dual contract, which regards to substituting. Like Kavone said, this may sound very unpopular, but if the president and I have arrived here, if they say they want to remove the substitutes, let them remove it. Substitute issues are always the same. The lies that the Nigerians never have been telling us, but they are inability to run the country efficiently, smoothly, and diligently. So if they remove this so-called phantom possibility and not a, let's now see what order lies they will be telling or being unable to deliver the dividend of democracy or being able to provide the infrastructure, or being able to make our schools the way those schools should be, or being able to provide the good facilities and not a, even not a piece of ironing. As a government, when campaigning in 2015, and then the previous one, they have said there is no subsidy on particular products. So now come and start saying they will remove the substitutes. Even at Ironica, that the government has said we have no business increasing the compact of the petroleum products that have now increased the compact of the petroleum products about two to three times within the last seven years that they have been in power. I don't bind to the argument. I seem to say my position is that I can follow whatever steps they will take with regards to this. They know that the end line is time to pull the rules over the eyes of the Nigerian people. Okay, so let's also look at another issue on the night. During Tribune, where the leader of the Southern and Middle Belt Forum, a leaders forum, Chief Edwin Clarke has advised former Vice President Alajia Tikko Abubakar, former President of Senate, two-time governor of Coral State as well, Dr. Bukala Sarki and Amin Utambuwal, not Tehran. Now this is in the premise that he said that out of the 61 years of the rulership of governance in Nigeria, I mean of Nigeria being an entity, 45 years of thereabouts, you have the North actually rule. And he's saying that naturally nobody from the North should consider declaring their intention of wanting to contest for president. Well, the political move, I think I have read it, and when I read the Chief Edwin Clarke's position, I chocked to myself, why did I chock him? That position seems to have been like swimming against the current. And when you swim against the current, you look at the catastrophic, because when you swim against the current rather than this, you get tired and exhausted, and then you drown in the process. First and foremost, by the reaching North, by our constitution, every Nigerian who has thought to scoop up the certificate is a crowd or as the constitutional guarantees to contest whatever election that they want to contest, the East Presidency or the governor. So if anybody comes out and says, certain parties should be disqualified or should stay away from contesting the presidential election, that's passing with the running against the current of the constitution, which I don't think should be encouraged. The second one is that I have always said that the Yoruba, the outside, the Fulani, the Igbo, have always spoken very arrogantly with regards to the precedence of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. You will not believe me. I was with you on the social media not too long before that there are both sides, but then I started language issues in Nigeria. And out of these 5,000 touching languages, only the Yoruba, the Igbo, the outside and the Fulani are the monopolizing power. Does it mean that the other languages in Nigeria are not enticed to the Presidency of Nigeria, are not enticed to the Governor's, are not enticed to the government? It is much of arrogance. So when people start saying it is our song, it should be the song of the Yoruba, the song of the Igbo, the song of the Yoruba people. I don't subscribe to that kind of a thing. In fact, what they think is written on the face of other Nigerian sides, who are important sides to the Presidency of Nigeria. Furthermore, it must also be aligned that a nation that seeks to defend us, must always put its best foot forward. It shouldn't matter which type anybody comes from. Whoever has the capacity, the diligence, the temperament, the educational qualification, and the exposure to run Nigeria diligently for the satisfaction of all the citizens who will be able to deliver the freedom of democracy, providing infrastructure, upgrade all our rundown skills and opportunities to be the one that we should inquire to become the Presidency of Nigeria. After all, when you look at it critically, when most of these tribes are religious, the Resensus gets to power. They don't serve the people of their region. They first serve themself, they serve their family, and then they begin to serve their friends, and then the people in their respective political parties. What do three friends of us all make in the life of the Yoruba people? What difference does the Gula Jonathan make in the life of the Yoruba people? What difference is value making in the life of the Yoruba people? The northern part of the country has been turned to a battle field, I mean, into a war zone, and bloodletting and bandaging on the daily basis. For me, let's put our best foot forward. I am not saying that there are no qualified people. Tunde Kola Wale. From some of these minority tribes. Tunde Kola Wale, let's also look at it from this angle now. The issue that Edwin Clark has actually raised in a subtle way is the issue of zoning. And the zoning, as we already know in that Nigerian polity, as a lot of people would describe it, has been a gentleman agreement that does not have its place in the Constitution. However, this is what it is, 45 out of 61 years. You have the dominance of a certain region. Are you saying that you're not in support of the zoning system or the politics of zoning that's been going on? They are, the zoning system is a gentleman agreement if it's not bad for the Constitution or the electoral act. So if any citizen decides not to apply by the zoning arrangement and law that there is nothing that you can do about that, have to defend nothing because zoning is a gentleman agreement. But the phrase here, I'm sorry to interject. I'm sorry to interject. The issue of agreement is very strong. Agreement is some kind of, you know, negotiation that two or more persons come into the agree. It's called agreement. And so over time, if you have every other person playing by the rule, you know, playing to this agreement or playing to the gallery, what happens when it becomes a tone of another person? Do you think it's fair? Let's look at morality now in this case. Of course, morality is not law. Well, it might not be fair, but it's important that we have a global perspective of the direction which we want to take Nigeria to as a nation. And when you are talking about an agreement, we have a law called on-law agreement, which is to say it is not binding. It is not custom. It may be a gentleman agreement between two people. If we should allow it, this is the only thing. The deniers are after, we might not be putting our best foot forward as a nation. We might not be having the best hand to run our country as a people. And we have the best of the hand is not running our country as a people. It is difficult to place two and deter not. But like I said, I know that there is no part of this country that you go to that won't find capable hands. But don't let us innovate this zoning and the return of try-by-thing to a constitutional level in which when good hands have come on board or so they are asking for the link, then we will shut them out because there is a zoning agreement. And then with people like Edwin Clark, too, he was one of the closest advisers of Dr. Goulart Jonathan when he was there. He, Dr. Goulart Jonathan, got me out of his own way. And like most people who want to say or see, then what is the quality of our advice that he gets from people like Edwin Clark? I think I aspire, aspire as an old man who don't have a fan and who don't have a long view of history. They did not get it out, so to say. I would say prefer that we talk about the best of our hands. The most educated is his premises in the 21st century. Okay. So say that you will be given a session and then you will be given five dollars. Mr. Kolaulay, thank you. He doesn't move the business forward. We have to move on, but I'm sure Edwin Clark would have a response to you if he hears me described as a tired old man. Maybe you'll say he's just simply, you know, defending the fairness in terms of the regionalism and the ethno-politics of Nigeria. But let's move on to the front page of the punch newspaper. It's told us about President Buhari's statement where he's mandated Gambari, Ngige, and Adamo to resolve the ASO crisis begs lecture. That's what the headline says. Buhari mandates Gambari, Ngige, and Adamo to resolve ASO crisis begs lecturers. This statement was made when the Nigerian Interreligious Council led by or headed by the Sultan of Sokoto and the president of the Christian Association of Nigeria paid him a courtesy call at ASO Rock. And the Nigerian Interreligious Council has been a dialoguing with the lecturers. That's one of the work that they're doing to see how they can also resolve or have an influence in resolving the issue. So those are one of the things they laid on the table when they visited the president. And he said that the Nairak should tell the lecturers that the president or the federal government holds them in very high regard. That's what he said. So what are your thoughts on this? First of all, I want to know that Mr. President will be making that kind of a statement. I don't know how long you have been to some of these major universities, for the people who question polytechnic. I was one of my children attended my alma mater, which is an investment department. And initially, he was going to send yourself and the rooms in which there were two of us, when I was there, I find the level people who are able to find those rooms. Those children who are also cooking in the room some have electric ovens, some have a stove, some more manatees of gadgets to do the cooking. When I entered the room, the room was like a no-room. And because of that, I don't see any meaningful studies that any side can do in that kind of environment. And so the boy had to see more than two of his friends to go and rent a three-bedroom flat outside the investors at the campus to be able to live a comfortable life and then be able to say to each other, also when I took a talk of the zoological garden of the University of Patam and also the laboratories that we have in the University of India, all of them were empty. And you can say to your friends, for the universities and polytechnic that we have all over the country. And that is the reason in so many parts of the world now, that if the case for the treasured moment at St. University are no longer being recognized, not just for admission, but also for work. Most employers of labor to say also prefer to hire people who are coming from the private university because most of our universities no longer have the equipment, the teacher, the lifeline, to be able to teach these children what ordinarily they should have been taught. So the solution would have been for us to cut our costs in some other areas, like in the area of politics. Look at the amount of money we are spending on politics. Look at the billion that we're going to the coming election. Look at the salaries of the government of the legislator. They are much more spending on them. So something has been in the camera, it's not one national assembly. So Mr. Kolaulay, I... So Mr. Kolaulay, this point you're making, sir, is kind of dovetails into what also in a way the president is saying. And he told them that he appealed through Nairik to us to be cognizant of the fiscal pressures, the fiscal pressures that the government was currently facing. In other words, a positive of funds. We don't have too much money to spare. So just take that into account. And the fact that he says, oh, the government remains committed to preventing strikes, to honoring its agreement with ASU. And but what do you make of the fact the president is complaining about fiscal pressures and ASU should be aware of that and take cognizance of that. But he's also taking a visit by this group, these spiritual leaders, for the president to put together a committee, maybe sort of like a reaction. What's it take on that? The ASU people should not accept the defect for anything whatsoever. Because like I said, when you look at the money we are spending on politics, you and I would know that it was a sketch up for it. When you also look at the cost of contract in this part of the world, you and I would know that it's one of the IS in the world. When you also look at the amount of money or I mean that it is from the public funds, you and I would know that there is money. That it's just the cost, we are the future of corruption, excesses, indolent and put the right technology in the right places. So cost turns off. That is why we are saying we have no money to fund the education. If countries like the US, like Britain and what are you? I have no money to fund the education because the new educator is the better of the better of them. Sorry, sorry. I lost my focus. So I think it's okay if you actually take water or something. Sorry about that. We'll just take a break. Yes, yes. Interesting analysis from Hulawaleet you're saying as for the government we have a pot of funds and our fiscal challenges but government spending is still up there and he's made a fantastic point. If you say there's no money or we're struggling with finances and that's what you do. So remember that, what can you cut down? What can we, how can we plug the leakages and the holes and try to reduce government spending? He's made a fantastic point. Recurrent expenditure pretty high. So the budget's gone. But Mr. Kolo, are you there still? Hello? Yeah, are you there sir? Yeah, but I'm here, I'm there. Okay, okay. Thank you very much. I think we can proceed with some more stories from the papers and I hope you're okay. Another one that, yes. Okay, thank you. Another one that caught attention is one on the front page of the Daily Independent where it has this headline PDP elders ask Emmanuel not to plunge the party into crisis. Iochia Ayu led National Working Committee to meet with Governor. Now, I don't know if you've seen the pictures of the commissioner, commissioner in a problem, he's commissioner for lands and water resources. His name is Umor Eno. He happens to be a cleric or a pastor who is in the cabinet kneeling down before Governor Domi Manuel. It seems to be getting the party upset that the governor said, this is who I want to succeed me. This is my no-intent candidate. I mean, is a governor not as an individual allowed to say, oh, I support this person? It is very, very wrong. It is the electorate that should decide who should succeed, whatever Governor is the leading power. But still, I would remember that people Governor Emmanuel too is the beneficiary of the sector of land, of its own preceptors. The reason why this is so is not to affect. Most people leading power, especially Governor, usually have so much carelessness in their comfort that they cannot afford to allow just anybody to take over from them. So they usually shop around for menion, for young boy, for people they can dictate to who will be able to cover up their skeleton. That is why you find the governor and the president are always shopping for their sector. But in an ideal society, in an ideal environment, that is not what should happen. Whoever is in better hands of this position, just so it has to do with the link, if you win the permanent, get the flag of the party, then it begins to be a contest election. And if you win in Luguz, but I doubt it, where the presence of leaders that we have, whoever are now searching to appeal in Nigeria, and that is where you find out all the parties, not just in Awaipan. Almost all over the states now are in crisis. Look at what has become of the PPP families in Mekiti state. Look at what has happened. Are there 60 families in the state? They went and talked and opened, and it is the persons that one party leader, one government want a successor, that have won the families of all those parties. And that is turning all the parties apart. It's a thing that we should be calling. And I think the Nigerian people, I'll tell you the next story, can begin to teach these people a lesson in Nigeria. Once you see that it is a minimum, that they are doing government of chosen, that's what's against them. After all, there are more than 100 political parties in Nigeria who might be coming to Nigeria, in all the government cities that challenge. Well, thank you so much, Baris Atunde Kola Wali. We really do appreciate your time with us this morning, and we look forward to sharing more of your thoughts on some national issues. Thank you for asking me. It's all right, and we hope that you... Sorry for my cookie voice this morning. No, that's okay. We think that you should take a cup of warm water. I will, I will. All right. Well, that's the much we can actually do. You too. Thank you so much. Thank you so much. We do appreciate you as well. Well, that's the much we can take on the papers this morning. Very intense. Definitely come back with the paper review tomorrow. But in the meantime, let's tell you what happened today in the history. And when we come, we will head straight to our major, first major conversation. We'll be looking at the militarization in the region, of course, Africa and West Africa as a whole.