 Okay, now it's my privilege to Introduce our outstanding, you know the professor in school of industry engineering again. So so professor Danny you who is Associate professor. I also has a joint courtesy appointment in school of health sciences So professor you joined us for 2016 after completing his a PhD in industry engineering at the University of Michigan 2014 and also serving as a postdoc and faculty at the Mayo Clinic in the Rochester So Dr. U scholarship focuses on human factors another area important area of industry engineering emphasizing human behavior modeling data analytics and Workplace interventions his work aimed to improve safety and human performance in Operating rooms and the other high-stress dynamic task environments Professor you had a strong record of scholarly publication which include over 50 journal papers in top tier journals and He received the numerous Award sponsors sponsored work from NIH NSF AFOSR Indiana Clinical Translation Science Institute NIOSH and the many industry sponsors His teaching has been recognized twice by College of Engineering Excellence in Teaching Award and earlier this year May 2022 I witnessed so you know in a Seattle that Danny receiving the the II se work systems teaching a word for his Course in leveraging the integration of the work systems and ergonomics to provide Students with a real-world experience. Let's welcome. Dr. Yu Thank you. Thank you son for the introduction and thank you everybody for being present here in person and also online for my talk So I didn't get the memo that we're supposed to have a nice fancy map But instead I do have a nice plain simple timeline to illustrate my academic journey Like what if the Dr. Sun mentioned My academic journey began with a degree bachelor's degree in bioengineering at the University of California Berkeley After completing my degree, I went to the University of Michigan To pursue my master's and later on my PhD in industrial and operations engineering Throughout this process. I've got a lot of great chances to work with work in industry or at least internships co-ops and You know some stints in industry specifically medical device companies like convenient I worked in consulting biomechanics Consulting focusing on accent reconstruction even got chance to work in insurance company Led to after my degree led to like dr. Sun mentioned male clinic did my postdoc there for a year and a half and This path led me to where I am today Here Purdue industrial engineering this picture is a little bit dated But it does show kind of my research team and before even going any further. I need to kind of Kind of can't say it enough. Thanks to the research team the students faculty collaborators mentors college engineering Purdue staff and Also my family members So I'd like to thank Arvind and college engineering to give for giving me a just chance to make this talk This talk this opportunity is gives me a chance to talk about something. I don't usually talk about a lot You know as faculty members. We get a chance to talk many many times a lot of opportunities to talk about our technical Achievements or science But not so much to talk about our journey and our path So I like to thank again Arvind and college engineering for giving me this opportunity This talk probably not a lot of people know And I'm very happy and excited to share today is to talk about my journey What drives me and what keeps me focused? As we know all of us know especially the PhD students in this audience is You know academic life or the academic journey is full of life ups and downs I mean, I guess you could say this for life in general But what is that drive for me that keeps me going forward keeps me moving What keeps me focused and directed in the right path? So that's gonna be this really focus of this talk and then I'll sprinkle in some research in the middle so like many of us here in the audience and You know story very similar to many of us here Purdue our faculty staff our students My journey or what really started kind of my journey is no my parents Coming here to the United States Leaving their countries for better opportunities challenge that I cannot really phantom You know come to a new country limited resources Not knowing the language Maybe a decade or so later me and my sister came to be and you know They were able to harness whatever opportunities available for them To support the family These opportunities are usually quite limited But they were able to find positions jobs in kind of manufacturing industry or more colloquially blue collar jobs and You know my PhD students will tell you that I have Terrible terrible memory However, something that I do remember vividly is so all the way back is How often how many times My parents would come back home completely exhausted Injured, but still needed to go to work the next day So this really is a problem that I noticed way back early on but let's get forward and Begin the academic journey or jump to the academic journey So as an undergraduate Just by chance I got a chance to see this research group looking for or having a research Assistant position That brings me really back to that those those early experiences. They were looking at you know How are workers getting injured in the workplace? Obviously I jumped to this opportunity Gave me a chance to kind of you don't see what I can do even as a you know junior very Young undergraduates so those undergraduates here today, or maybe you know soon to be college students Always take these opportunities no matter how early to jump at the chance because who knows where we'll lead you to This experience Got me involved in you know going to various workplaces for the younger people here This is something that we used to take videos on called a camcorder But going to workplaces recording trying to uncover figure out behaviors patterns traits that may suggest why people are getting injured or getting exhausted or not performing At at at the level they need to do in these workplaces But taking videos and collecting data is actually the easy part as many of the students in the audience may know I'm a bong of this time is actually spent reviewing Carefully skimming scrutinizing these videos to really uncover what are these behaviors? What are these metrics that we could find looking at these videos? I'm not even kidding 15 20. I don't know how many years later That undergraduate lab still have students undergraduate students reviewing videos So you could imagine the Some of the work that's involved in here But that really led me to some of the Some of the work of my early career and still a major part of my work my research here even today is Better ways of measuring new variables more predictive variables ways of characterizing behaviors How to figure out when people are at their limits or even beyond their limits? This strategy focus on more of you know our wearables, you know We have a lot of great wearables like sauce what we saw some new developments from dr. Martinez And how do you see these wearables? As a different technique and that's looking at scrutinizing videos Quite ironically today and probably for the more recent than you know with the recent near the order the near future Is that I actually went back to the videos But with a slightly different mindset With our fabulous colleagues and friends in computer science our official intelligence data science What can we now do with computer vision? You know we have cameras everywhere We don't need to put wearables or Having somebody review videos or I guess take videos Can we use computer vision to figure out this problem? now given my backstory you would kind of Kind of understand that this is really not just you know not what I'm dissatisfied with is studying watching modeling the problem Right, I mean people are getting hurt every day So I'm really strive big part of my my career my my portfolio is how can I translate and use this research? To start improving these workplaces take our finding take the science to provide guidelines on job design Looking at different types of interventions for enhancing human capability like exoskeletons Even more recently looking at even things like augmented reality human-robot interaction all of this in Seeing how it will change human behaviors their exposures enhance their capabilities in order for them to perform their work safer Perform the work better Just a quick aside. I talked a lot about the application more like the occupational health and safety realm But this science my science have been applied across way beyond just that specific domain A lot of my work as dr. Sun has mentioned Actually took this and look into other workers other jobs surgeons always in these high stress high stakes Jaws performing surgery robotic surgery Lapscopic surgery really always on the edge or very close to the edge How do we measure understand monitor and enhance their capabilities? Using some of the science that we're developing Has been worked has been done work or has been used in the the Air Force, you know These type of models understanding their behaviors and capabilities. How can we train our airmen faster better cheaper? More personalized to their own response and their own patterns physiological patterns Even everyday technology we see monitoring Typical everyday behavior Interaction with autonomous systems like transportation. We've been doing a lot of work in that area Understanding the driver behavior as they interact with these autonomous systems like you know semi-autonomous cars But let's shift back to the The overriding story that I want to tell how are we doing? So I can't quite pinpoint it But I would say you know probably early 90s is where my recollections are about these experiences and observations and Back then we were looking about just ergonomic injuries that the bluish Color plot just ergonomic injuries not counting slips trips and falls and other workplace injuries We're looking about a million a year in the US Fast forward to today or you know somewhat close to where we are today in 2016 Doing much better. I have some concerns about the data, but that's the topic for a different talk But you don't do much better a lot of reduction But obviously our job is not done, right? We are still seeing 300 over 300,000 a year suffering from work related Injuries that required days away from work, but the number is actually much higher. What about those like my parents? Getting injured, but still need to not take days off of work What about those that are working to the point of exhaustion working to the point at their limit? That could be millions tens of millions more and this is not just a problem isolated in the U.S. In the United States could be something that is implemented or applicable worldwide So let's go back What is my drive and what keeps me focused? Obviously as you can tell it is the experiences struggles of The my parents and probably struggles and challenges a lot of people here Their families in the United States face every day even worldwide I'm quite thankful appreciate it to be here at Purdue because you know really Purdue embodies this spirit this the concept my motivation very very closely quite well-aligned and that Be ever grateful and ever true Thank you for our questions. I could also pull up my 30 slides of technical talk to Actually To get an interest degree in bio-American engineering bioengineering was excellent And I want to know how that really helped your current research and as well as the last Are you considering coming back home to be a me as well? I think I can talk to our head I Can't respond to the first question the second question out there for the son I'm gonna answer you For the first question obviously all of this work you have to really understand the person their biology their physiology You know we were talking about their capabilities But without understanding kind of you know the physiological mechanisms the cognitive the neuroscience part We're not gonna be able to really accurately model it or actually fine. Actually, what are we looking for? So that's kind of you know one of the things that bioengineering has prepared me for is that more background on the person and person's capability Obviously in industrial engineering that we get a lot of opportunities like workplace applications Human factors engineering those are some of the very hot more very important Components to industrial engineering and I think that's why you know I'm here where I am today industrial engineering So I need to add so the smart my view engineers design and make things and Industry engineer design and make things better. That's why Professor you professor Martinez will stay Yeah, thank you for question. Yes Right, so I've seen that very often People suggest that like the best way to get rid of ergonomic issues and a risk Doing the like dangerous works is basically to wear an exoskeleton and I've seen some people suggesting things that look like a robot that you're actually wearing and some others think of like a Clothing so is it gonna be like something like Ironman or you just believe that Ironman doesn't have enough padding on the helmet It's very interesting. You say that we have a we have probably have a common colleague that I actually made into Ironman In the operating room, you know, suiting them up of all I mean one of those pictures you solved all the sensors and exoskeleton you know, that's actually our Ironman and That's actually one of nice things about human factors and industrial engineering is that you know There is this focus on developing technologies for the people But if you're actually going to have any success in making an impact and that translation There's a lot of system. It's a complex system You have to have you know things like let's say in the health care You know you have a lot of you know people environments tasks How do you interact with how you implement technology the culture a complexity of what they're doing? That's why we actually don't see too much in health care And there's a lot of success stories of Ironman's in manufacturing because you just do things quite repetitively Consistently, but if you look at more complex systems, you know, that's where that is a lot of the challenges are And those are some of the things that our team is looking forward to studying And different Industries that you might like apply this technology to Are there like different human signals that you would want to look at like for example? If you are monitoring like a surgeon versus monitoring like a factory worker Are there different signals that can show when people are at their limit or is like pretty translatable? Yeah. Yeah, so in the traditionally ergonomics or human factors will break down these things and do They're interrelated and for example more of a physical capacity and cognitive capacity Obviously, there's kind of inner interactions between the both But it will really depends on you know, for example for physical signals You have some of the things like, you know, physiological stress heart rate is how you see a lot of Kind of exercise science using heart rate to guide kind of understanding physical capabilities and improvement For surgeons, you have a little bit more kind of a comp more complicated or different type of capacity You're looking at more the cognitive capacity situation awareness their interaction with the team Some of the reason work that we're doing is really expanding to that kind of you know, alright How would we use this technology and understand capability not just in the individual this core cognitive level? But what about the team level because a lot of the work here as we're going for again more and more complex systems It's team-orientated Which adds additional great challenges for us to figure out and how do you kind of scale this to that level? but the answer that question is that the various Predictors and signals and behaviors are different depending on what type of I guess the man's source is coming from and You know, those are one of the challenges of trying to identify things that are predictive of each Any other questions? So Danny the place like NSF has like a call for the future work actually place so what is your viewer vision of the Future workplace like a smart manufacturing in you know, 10 years in 20 years Yeah, so part of the part of the work that I present today has been funded by the future work program And that is envisioning that alright, you know in a workplace where you know If you have increasing as we go towards more increasing automation Increasing use of intelligent agents, you know that really will do a different Increases a different source of stresses to the workers population or people in general and that is just for more of the you know We could probably take away some of the physical work But now they are now supervising or managing large teams Understanding how to interact with these being aware of various agents or maybe they are now left with the very difficult problems That automation cannot solve So the future work that we saw is that well now can we develop assistive tools and devices like? You know smart decision-making through augmented reality to guide things like a nurses on tackling You know now these new problems that they have to figure out That's kind of one of the areas that I think would be the future work is that you know shifting For more of a you know purely physical role to more complex tasks and demands and how do you prepare the workers for that? Any other questions, okay, well Danny congratulations again, let's give a big round of applause for continuous success