 Flats and landslides. Flash floods are usually of rapid onset, either from brain or structural failure. Grif duration associated with steep terrains or canyons or valleys is little or no warning and mortality may be high. River floods are usually slow onset but of long duration and are associated with low-lying concrete terrains, especially with people settling in these areas. They usually provide some warning. Flats account for 40% of all wild disasters and cause the most damage worldwide. These are the most lethal floods that have occurred in modern history. In Uganda, as in other countries in eastern Africa, floods are an emerging public health problem. Every year floods affect more and more people in different localities. They are closely associated with heavy rains, that is natural causes, and human settlement patterns, technological causes. An example of Uganda, floods occurred in Bududa 2010, Butaleja 2010, Kisoro 2010, Soroti 2007, Kumi 2007, and they occur in Kampala every year. Landslides can be predicted and risk reduction and mitigation activities can be initiated. Faktas that contribute to floods include topographical makeup of the area, and they may accompany other disasters like heavy rains and river surges, breakdown of river embagments, hurricane sea surges, earthquake-related tsunamis, landslides of volcanic eruptions. Natural factors include geological factors, seasonal variations, climatic factors, and topographical factors. Human factors include urbanization, deforestation, overgrazing, improper construction, and inadequate safeguards. Most deaths occur in flash floods, and most deaths are due to drowning. Death rates vary according to country, rate of onset, and community resilience. Public health impact of floods includes medical and public health needs that persist for many months after the river floods. Normal health care may be disrupted. Chronicness may be worsened in the long run. However, serious infectious diseases are usually rare in flood and landslide situations. Water and food shortages often develop. Key health issues and safety response issues after floods include water quality, food safety, clean up activity and safety, sanitation and hygiene, disease and vectors, chemical hazards, mental health for responders and victims, temporary settlement, and early warning for subsequent floods. Outreach support after floods. Not all victims can seek help. They could be closed off due to geographical limits, monetary limits, and disability. Prevent convergence on limited resources, set up search and rescue efforts, set up immediate relief efforts, enhance surveillance and situational awareness. Prevention and control measures for floods include mitigation, surveillance and early warning, rapid needs assessment, mechanisms for search and rescue, mechanisms for immediate control of water surges, public information, floodplain management, and responsible management of human settlements. Landslides. In Uganda, as an example, landslides are a foko problem in areas that have topographic risk. Due to population pressures and land use, implications, people are moving higher and higher into high risk areas. Landslides can be predicted and risk reduction and mitigation activities can be initiated. Secondary disasters can be caused by landslides and these include fires and explosions, building collapse, down failures and floods, and release of toxic materials. Contributing natural factors include geofysical factors, topographic factors, and meteorological factors. Manmade factors include structure factors like types of houses, land use patterns, demography and population pressures. Health impacts of landslides may include minor injuries and lacerations, crash injuries to the head and chest, hemorrhage, bleeding and hyperbolemia, asphyxia and drowning and bans. Delayed impacts include dehydration, environmental exposure, the crash syndrome in people who are severely crashed, wound infection and sepsis, and smoke and dust inhalation. Landslides do not often create significant outbreaks of new infectious diseases because of the washout effect. Prevention and control measures for landslides include avoiding construction in areas of high geological risk, safer construction, drilled scenarios and planning in areas that are landslide prone, planning for disabled populations, planning for emergency services, and planning for such and rescue, saving lives. Landslides have potential to cause mass casualty incidents. This need for rapid assessment of impact, timely and appropriate disaster response, surveillance for injuries and diseases, dissemination of public health information, environmental health and control measures, and follow-up epidemiology.