 Hello, good morning, good afternoon, good evening, everyone, depending on where you are. My name is Daniel Mordiarzo, I'm a Principal Scientist at C4, would like to bring to you this second webinar on the exploring criteria and indicator for peatland restoration. And well, in this very opportunity, I would like to wish you all well, happy, and certainly healthy in this very difficult situation, very, very prolonged pandemic. Let me also take this opportunity to thank to our speakers, our resource persons who are making themselves available for this very important session. And also trying to reach most of you who are not in the first webinar, because today we will be speaking very specifically about bio-physical and also fire parameters in order to find out what would be the criteria and indicators for peatland restoration. I would also like to thank to you all as participants, so I believe your interaction contribution in this conversation will be very much useful and expected because from your experience, we believe that we will learn something so that this webinar will be a kind of interactive session between us at the background here and you and the other places so that we will extract very, very useful and important lessons that we have been to learn today. On behalf of the organizer, I would also like to thank the supporting institution, including USAID, the Embassy of Norway, the NICFI, FAO UNEP, and also GPI Global Peatland Initiative, so that this webinar which is about Indonesian peatland will also have the notion of international importance because we believe that peatland is globally significant in contributing to stabilize the world climate, so we're trying to look at this into more detail and we also realize that peatlands are facing tremendous pressure to maintain the services they can provide for human well-being. Indonesian ambition to restore more than 2 million hectares of degraded peatland pose a huge challenge to evaluate the results towards the end of its first five years, or the initial phase. So we think that a set of criteria and indicators, CNI for sure, following a fundamental principle, need to be developed and validated. So as I said, this is the second webinar because in the first one we were exploring various aspects, including the aspect that we are going to discuss today and try to set the scene of what would be the following webinar structure. And today we are specializing, looking at the biophysical and fire aspect, identifying the importance criteria and indicators and next month we are expecting to have rather different kind of issues but we would like to have them together and validate them before we can synthesize towards the end of this year. So today we will have a very fruitful, I believe, session, two-hour session just to capture what we've been doing in the first webinar. In the opening session I would like to welcome Dr. Haris Kunawan, the Deputy of the Peet Restoration Agency, to welcome you all and address you and also update us with what happened in the last webinar. So we will have a report, a summary of the last webinar for you to catch up. And then we will have a keynote speaker who is going to speak to us about the importance of the principle in the criteria and indicator. I will introduce him later but the more technical and technological issues related will be in the first and second session where we are going to hear more about biophysical parameters and also example from the field how to do this and how to evaluate and monitor this. Excuse me to close my door. I think I'm competing with somebody. Sorry about that. Anyway, so this is work from home. At the end of the session we will have also a discussion about how to bring together this biophysical attribute and fire into part of the criteria and indicator that we are going to validate in the future. So with that in mind we are expecting to learn how set of validated criteria and indicator to be monitored in the future and use that as speedland restoration kind of tool to measure whether a successful fail or need to be improved etc. We also expect that this webinar and the series ahead of us will be a session where we can exchange our knowledge. So truly we really expect this to happen today and also in the next webinar so that we can enrich what we are discussing today. So that's what I would like to introduce to you and again thank you for your participation. I believe you've been waiting for this among others webinar that are happening today on this week so we look forward to have you interacting in this session. So without further ado I would like to invite Dr Haris Kunawan to address you and also update us about what's happened in the last webinar in September. Dr Haris. Yeah thank you Professor Daniel Mudeirsa. Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Good afternoon, good morning, good evening where you are now. So Esma Prof. Daniel introduced me. I am Haris Kunawan, Deputy Research and Development of the Land Restoration Agency, Republic of Indonesia. I will give a short speech and opening for this workshop. I'm happy to join in this of course discussion and for all of speakers I saw that there are some speakers, very prominent speakers and I mentioned here Dr Ravi, Dr. Marit, Dr. Crystal, Professor Gusti Ansari, Dr. Muhammad Taufik and Dr. Solihin. And also I think I would like also want to say thank you for the organizing committee, Pa Rupes and the others team to be good preparer for this event and all of the participant ladies and gentlemen. On this happy occasion we are being brought together again to discuss about the criteria and indicators for Tropical Pitland Restoration. So in the previous or the first hour discussion, so I mean that Pitland Restoration Agency mentioned about the if we talk about restoration, so the very important in the biophysical indicators or criteria we call the all about the Pitland Mass Wet. Restoring Pitland is ultimately aim to reach the rewet Pitland as it is the criterion. Otherwise restoration is mean at the middle rank or rehabilitation. Obtaining wet Pitland is the only way to save the natural resources for our well-being as human. In terms of climate change, our climate is changing. I called, I think long time ago, warmer era is good for us, but no, how much the earth for us to stand. Besides high water holding capacity of the natural or maybe later restore Pitland is a solution for the increasing scarcity of water globally. So besides holding carbon, we also hold hook amount of water through to preserve in Pitland, especially in Tropical Pitland in Indonesia. Here we suggest that there are four pillars as I mentioned in my presentation in the first uh uh wrap up uh discussion. So in determining criteria and indicator Pitland restoration, four pillars must be considered including biophysical, social, economic, and governance. These four pillars must be equally recognized to guarantee permanent pit restoration. It is important to note that the criteria and indicator here shall be considered as well in the immediate term, middle rank, and the long rank of mean we call the permanent. When we will have found that Tropical Pitland is permanently restored hydro hydro hydrologically and ecologically healthy and supportive for ecosystem services, for human well-being, and it is pit must wet. Based on the criteria and indicator for Pitland ecosystem degradation on uh government regulation number uh 71 2014, Junto number uh 57 2016, degradation is indicated by the presence of artificial drainage deal of pitland ecosystem. Second, expose of period of flood sediment under the pit layer and reduction in the land covered in the pitland ecosystem. Those are all for Pitland classified in protected forest. The question is have we found those criteria in Pitland with protected function? Furthermore, in Pitland with the cultivation function, degradation is indicated by water level lower than 40 centimeters exposed of a period of floods sediment under the pit layer. The same question have you found that criteria in Pitland in cultivation function zone? Yes, if so, those are all degraded Pitland. How wide it is called the overall figure of our Tropical Pitland in India. BRG is modality for restoration and indeed has developed tremendous modalities. The Pitland has the president has declared that pit must be wet whatever it takes. Therefore, BRG with a rewetting program has explored how to restore water balance in the Pitland area. BRG has been working towards restore Pitland. Thousands of rewetting infrastructure, development, agro-servo fishery, paludicator, all are water based management as well as the criteria and indicator are very important and must be established holistically to support Pitland restoration in Indonesia. The previous webinar discussed the crucial point of this criteria and indicator in ensuring sustainable Pitland restoration. Ladies and gentlemen, what are the ways for what we are going to? He is to support criteria and indicator for Pitland restoration from previous webinar including Pitland Hydraulical Unit is has high variability socially and biophysically. Approach are not generic. Second, in Pitland restoration without ignoring the social variability and government needs, it is crucial to restore Pitland biophysically. Closing the gap to we need precise Pitland map as the tool for the planning and monitoring restoration indicator are achieved. Besides, we need to establish new economic paradigm. I conclude my opening remark. I hope this webinar will be fruitful for the development of criteria and indicator of Pitland restoration. Gathering in this seminar is scientific engagement to work together for Pitland restoration based on the scientific base. So enjoy it for the take webinar. Wassalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh. Good afternoon. Thank you Baharis Kunawan, the beauty head of Pitland restoration agency BRG for research and development for giving us the advice and lay the way ahead of us in addition to what you've been wrapped up for the last about the last webinar. So I think I believe that the participants are also updated with what happened last in the last webinar and thank you for laying ahead the possible topic and issue that we are going to cover in the next webinar. So our next speaker will be Dr. Rafi Prabhu. Rafi is the director for innovation, investment, and impact. We call it 3I of C4Ecraft. Rafi has been working on this topic, I think it's more than two decades ago, and we will be learning from him his legacy about principle criteria and indicators and how to use this for an adaptive kind of management for natural resources. Rafi. Thank you very much Daniel and also many thanks to Baharis for an inspiring talk. I'm going to switch off my video shortly because we have bandwidth problems over here. I've been having them all day, but I just wanted to greet everybody. So ladies and gentlemen, it's my great pleasure to speak to you about something that I was engaged in as Daniel said a long, long time ago. I guess Daniel is somebody who respects history and respects old people, so he's got an old person to talk about history. So let me try and give you a perspective from my own research and experience about why principles criteria and indicators are simply a means, a tool by which to adaptably manage natural resources. Can we go to the next slide please? So I have five core messages, and if you wanted to go to sleep after this, you would not miss very much. As I said, principles criteria and indicators are tools, so focus on being good enough. Don't try and be perfect. It's really important as you develop your criteria indicators and principles to consider who matters most in the landscapes that you're dealing with in these peak landscapes. Consider the value of information and that is the cost both of getting the information, but also the intrinsic value of the information in helping you to understand what it is you want to achieve and above all try and be practical. Those are my core messages. Can we get to the next slide please? So the work that by Daniel generously referred to took place from between 1994 and 1999. Developed an indicator toolbox, lots of publications. The first one is this white one on testing criteria and indicators, which sort of set a lot of wheels in motion. Those wheels continued in motion as you can see. Co4 as you recently as 2016 was still considering criterion indicators. And in preparing for this talk, I was very pleased to see that Wikipedia now has a criterion indicators of sustainable forest management page. Well, when I started Wikipedia was hardly hardly there, so you can see this is probably, you know, criterion indicators started a few years BW before Wikipedia. Next slide please. So what are we aiming to do with these principles, criterion indicators? Are we aiming to change behavior? Affirm good behavior where it takes place? Probably both I think. Are we trying to promote learning and preferably structured learning? And that perhaps is the biggest insight that we had from our work that if we can help people to learn and learn faster in a more structured way, we were doing well. So people are the key to everything and we must focus on them. Then I would like to suggest that principles, criterion indicators that are not linked to a theory of change, how we want to change something. And, you know, Parry has already mentioned, you know, the president's view on the principle that peatlands have to be wet. So that's one part of the theory of change. There are probably others who's going to benefit, etc., and how. So we need to have this theory of change because without which we are unlikely to succeed in driving the transformational learning and adaptive management that we want. For a theory of change to be useful, it must be accompanied by a theory of context or place. That is, we must explicitly take into account the particular peat landscape that we're dealing with, the stakeholders there, etc. And finally, if the principles, criterion indicators are to be successful, over time we might find the initial theories that we had about what works and what doesn't work will need to change. And so we have to look at it even in a research sort of a mode where we're prepared to test the ideas that we have and throw them out if we don't find them successful. And the PCI should help us in this regard. Next slide, please. So one of the principle aims, obviously, is on evaluation and assessment. And in this regard, I would want you to focus on the principles and criteria, not as endpoints that reflect our collective wisdom about what we want as outcomes in the principles and our knowledge about how to get there in the criteria. Indicators then are the actual information tools. And here we should be practical and we should make certain that they're repeatable and affordable. They must reflect and be relevant to specific contexts. Where they're not relevant to the context, where they're not affordable, they can end up costing you so much time and money that is better used in actual implementation of activities rather than in the monitoring evaluation and assessment. So in the end, even as you apply your PCI, be sure that the guidance that you provide to people is clear, feasible, and leads to repeatable results. This essentially means you have to test with people who are actually going to be carrying out the assessments how well they understand your instructions. We have in the past made mistakes in this regard. And actually, in Kalimantan, we ran a test of certification organizations just to see how repeatable things were and got some very useful feedback from them about what is feasible, what is affordable, etc. Right at the bottom of this information pyramid of principles, criterion, indicators are the data points that we are going to consider in order to get the whole system working. And here we do need to consider how we're going to collect them. Who's going to do this? Is this going to be done by citizen science? Is this going to be done by experts? Is this going to be done by auditors? Is this going to be done by local officials? And accordingly, develop the protocols for this. How are they going to be analyzed? What are the systems? Are you going to use a smartphone based ODK system? Or are you going to use, you know, gold fashion paper and pen? How are they going to be archived? Because somebody might at some stage challenge an assessment and want to see the data. And so you have to consider this. When we were working on this, we consider principles, criteria, indicators and data to be linked to the four entities in information theory. And those four entities in information theory, which drives a lot of what we're doing today, are wisdom, knowledge, information and data. And you can look them up because they are mathematically defined. Next slide, please. Perhaps the most important use of the criteria indicators for sustainable forest management that we developed and, you know, subsequently we've been working on land degradation indicators, et cetera, is communication. Explaining to people what exactly it is we're trying to achieve. Because often when we say something like sustainability or we talk about restoration, it means different things to different people. So when you can be quite explicit about what it is you mean and have a negotiation around that, it is extremely helpful. And that is why criteria indicators have been very effective communication tools for determining policy, changing regulations, getting consensus, resolving conflicts, whether at a community level, or at a dist level, or at a province level, or indeed at global level, the criteria indicators tools have been most important for communication. So do be aware of this and make certain that you can communicate based on this. Don't end up trying to make something that is science and scientific that is not necessarily science. The aim of the indicator is to indicate. It is not to be the precise research tool or lab tool that gives you the exact information. It is to give you an indication just as an impressionist painting gives you an impression of what is happening and catches the mood. It is supposed to help to do that. And no indicator on its own will do this. It will only do this in conjunction with others. So therefore, just enough is the correct amount of detail. Don't try to do more than that. I like to think of indicators as a table of contents. When I pick up a book and I read the table of contents, I should have a pretty good understanding of what the book is about. In fact, when I was doing my PhD, my supervisor said to me, if I can't understand what your PhD is about on the table of contents, don't bother to come and show it to me. So this has been a guiding light for me. Tell your story as clearly as possible using your PC and I, and then the details can come later. The last point I would advocate in communication is consider your audience. Whom are you talking to? Are we talking to technical people and policymakers who have a deeper understanding? Are we talking to local people? Are we indeed talking to the general public? And accordingly, you will have to develop the messages around those indicators that you have developed. Next slide, please. So the last major point I'd like to make is think about, we are on a Zoom seminar and, you know, I would want you to think not just on the Zoom as this technical tool, but zooming through scales of biophysical space and temporal space time. Everything that we do in any peak landscape and you are really understanding this is history dependent. So we know history affects what's happening today. And what happens today will affect tomorrow. So our PCI must be cognizant of the fact that nothing, we're not just interested in snapshots of the present, but we're interested in what are we learning from the past to inform the future. That's the temporal scale. In terms of biophysical scales, things look different depending on where you are. People like us sort of floating in cyberspace, look down on a peak landscape and see different things to those who are actually farming in that landscape or hunting in that landscape or indeed trying to restore that landscape. So we have to be able to zoom from one scale to the other and the indicators have to be relevant. Certainly the principle and criteria have to be relevant. The indicators should be more or less data points, however, can change depending on what you're looking for. So just be aware of this need to Zoom in and out of different spatial and temporal scales. Next slide, please. And from this fossil from the past, here are some concluding remarks. Science, although important and I am as many here are, but more important is utility. So think about that. There is a huge literature and experience on developing principles, criteria and indicators. Don't just apply that. Be prepared to innovate and push the boundaries of what is possible, because what the literature tells you, and I use the illustration of Wikipedia, but also, you know, when we look at remote sensing tools, were available to us in 1994, 1999, even 2000 is very different to what is available today. So unless we're innovating with the latest technologies, we're probably missing the point. And finally, be practical. I go back to my first point. Don't make perfect the enemy of good. Thank you very much, everybody.