 Adipose tissue is a readily available source of mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs, which can be used for regenerative medicine applications such as tissue engineering and cell therapy. MSCs derived from adipose tissue are characterized by their ability to differentiate into multiple cell types, including adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, hepatocytes, neural cells, and endothelial and epithelial cells. However, recent studies suggest that MSCs are a heterogeneous mixture of cells containing subpopulations of stem and more committed progenitors. Additionally, there is no consensus on the optimal method for isolating and culturing these cells. Despite this, adipose tissue remains a promising source of MSCs due to its abundance and ease of access. This article was authored by Patrick C. Bayer and Helmut Geiger.