 Welcome to ITU Telecom World 2019 from Budapest Hungary, where I'm very pleased to be joining the studio today by Mark Frankopinola, who is the Global Head of Nokia Government Relations for Nokia. Mark, welcome to the studio. It's my pleasure. Now I'd like to start off by talking about this event's theme. It's innovating together, connectivity that matters. What does that mean to you? I think connectivity is absolutely critical and especially with 5G, what we will see is that we will get into a new phase of connectivity because you will see many new devices getting connected to each other, meaning that we will have 100,000 of devices actually per square kilometer that are going to be connected. And 5G is also bringing another of other things. If you look for instance at the capacity and the speed, 4G at a certain stage will get saturated. So it's important that we get to the next stage of connectivity there. But even more importantly is the low latency that 5G will bring and the fact that reaction in real time will be possible especially in industrial environments. And so having that low latency is important for productivity going forward. There are other things like for instance, the different network slices that 5G will bring for operators which is critical in order to bring return on investment for operators as we all know that 5G brings huge investments. And then I would say also the lower cost of ownership because the cost per bit for 5G is actually far lower than previous technology. So all these things together will enable new use cases and bring let's say productivity but also societal benefits going forward. Perhaps we could talk about industry ecosystems and why they're important for the development of 5G. Yeah, if you look at the industry ecosystems, in fact 5G will underpin cross sector digitalization. And so by definition you are here in an ecosystem play. If you look at technologies before, so pre 5G digitalization, actually not so many industries benefited from digitalization. You had the entertainment industry with the films, the e-books, the music which was being digitalized but also the financial sector was going to be digitalized. But if you go to 5G and especially because of the characteristics of 5G and the low latency, you actually get now the physical industries that can be digitalized. And the fact that you get this physical industries digitalized can bring a huge amount of productivity benefits. You can see for instance that in the manufacturing sector, bringing the ICT together with the operation systems together can actually bring also because of the low latency automated features which are essential for the productivity of this sector. So I think by bringing all these industries together, you really get into a new play which is important. And what are the most important government policy actions needed to enable 5G? And perhaps we could talk about a few associated use cases. Yeah, so there are a number of things. I think that we all know that spectrum is critical for the 5G networks to be built and to be operational. So more spectrum fast and also at a fair price. If you look today in Europe, for instance, there is a lack of high band spectrum. In the US, mid band spectrum is critical. So there is still a lot to do there. A second point relates to incentivizing infrastructure investment and also making sure that for instance, small cells can be deployed in an easy way but also fiber because you know the small cells that are needed for 5G are connected through fiber. So making sure that fiber can be installed in an easy and cost effective way is important. And then data friendly policies are critical as well because 5G is about a lot of exchange of data. We talk about the ecosystems. So making sure that we have an easy way of sharing data is important as well. And finally, I wanted to ask you, you've taken the time to be here. You're no stranger to ICU events. I wanted to ask you what's the value of attending events for you such as ICU Telecom World? Yeah, so I've attended a couple of those events and it's always nice for the networking, of course. But more importantly, I think this year, as 5G is not anymore around the corner but is really here is to exchange about the various use cases and how various use cases are developing around the world. And also, I mean, I think people might know that 5G is indeed the fifth generation of connectivity technology for consumer application but it's actually the first generation for industrial applications. And so exchanging the way forward, what is available today, what will be available tomorrow is actually very helpful and interesting in those events. Great, well, thank you very much for being with us today and we hopefully will catch up with you again tomorrow or sometime in the future, I should say. And it's a very much enjoyed listening to some of these valuable insights this morning. Thanks a lot. Thank you. Thank you.