 The study examined the integrated response of a rat host to the liver fluke fascialahepatica. The researchers used a combination of one-H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy profiles, multiplex cytokine markers of systemic inflammation, and multivariate mathematical models to characterize the main features of the infection at the system's level. They observed significant changes in the brain's nucleotide balance, along with increased plasma interleukin, 13, Illinois, 13, suggesting a shift towards modulating immune responses to reduce inflammatory damage. This suggests that the liver fluke has evolved mechanisms to manipulate its host's metabolism and immunity to ensure its survival. This article was authored by Jasmina Sarek, Jovey Lee, Jurgit Singer, and others.