 We're going to move to Dorothea now Dorothea Schmidt the floor is yours Thank You Terry So I think it's not an easy moment for us all because we lately we were mainly commenting on the Deconfliction in the region Speaking about the Saudi Iran normalization about the Abrahamic Accords of course Prospects of normalization with Syria that had been Hushed back into the Arab League and now we've just been Drawn back again backwards in history to this Israeli-Palestinian conflict that we all Wanted to forget or we it seems that we missed something something very big because now we see the consequences are sort of spreading within all of these conflicts That we were trying to solve just like Nabil Fahmi said I must have speaking as an as an EU citizen Who's been an observer? Rather fascinated observers of the efforts that he used on to establish and stabilize the Palestinian Authority All of these efforts that felt totally into the Hamas trap in 2006 after the elections when the EU decided to turn its back on on Raza and We are now Against as I said drawn forcibly into this trap So the three points I want to make is first that I think we we're going through a moment of flu that has been described more less by Nabil Fahmi in the beginning of his speech saying that Most regionals actors are still struggling with where they should stand and what how they're going to co elites or not to find a solution But my concern is that this moment of flu could freeze into a sort of again the West against the rest and Raza will be the sort of symbolic points that would catalyze this divide of the West Explicitly said the US the EU and Israel against a very Heterocrit sort of group of countries that have stood against What they feel as blatant injustice against the massacre in Raza that have been are being perpetrated by by Sahel currently as a sort of revenge operation for this horrendous attack that they've gone through in early October. So my problem is how do we avoid Falling into again this narrative that I see emerging Against this flu and the flu is because we work on the backdrop of the collapse of state structures most of the countries in the region we've seen that CIR arguably Lebanon has become a sort of face state as well war spreading none or unresolved conflicts and we have also this flu between what is a conflict? What's a war that was alluded to by a theory this morning and I see I heard Rasan Salami saying now you don't declare war these days. We slide into war So this is this is the concern we have is that we've been drawn into war everybody's wondering about Potential escalation with Lebanon the Hezbollah says they don't want to go to war the Lebanon is exhausted But they might be sort of sliding into war without even realizing it. So this this emerging Rational of the the West against the rest on Gaza specifically Goes with this idea that the the area of conflict is enlarging in the mines there has been a historical effort to sort of constrain the conflict to Palestine against Israel After the Arab-Israeli conflict, but I think this is totally failing now on the contrary lots of countries now feel Concerned for the situation there, but the other side which is also a lot worrying for our own societies Western societies is that through migrations and diasporas we see the divide operating in our own societies now and threatening Order peace in our own societies and in France. This is particularly a clear so Who is the rest if we have the West on one side the rest is you have two very big opportunistic actors Russia and China clearly Russia now turning its back on Israel, but also Israel turning its back on Russia So this is sort of mutual soft divorce currently China who is now expressing interest for the they have they have always said that they were in favor They were in favor of the to state solution I mean if you if you go to these sort of very Classical consolidated rhetoric of the Chinese they may have been the last defenders of the two-state solutions in the world maybe But I see Africa and Asia a lot as I said now standing against The humanitarian massacre, but also whether they feel as a political injustice in in Raza The second point is in that context I think I think three countries are especially interesting to look at The three countries to me. I know of course Israel Iran You know some protagonists that we will have to dwell on to speak about more later But for me what's more interesting nowadays Egypt? Why because it was the first Arab countries to make peace with Israel and now As Jordan actually there's a question mark about how to proceed To enlarge the zone of peace the second interesting actor protagonist is Saudi Arabia Because there is a lot of pressure on them to revive the peace plan and the idea is that maybe there could be a sort of coming-of-age Of the Saudi diplomacy now and as Nabil Fahmi said we need an Arab solution for this We need an Arab plan anyway, so they may have the Symbolic material resource, but do they have the political maturity to do it and the third country? Which I know and I'm following on a daily basis is Turkey Which actually moved from the status of? Outsider to a primary actor in this conflict also with Tayyip Erdogan having pursuing a very consistent pro-Palestinian, you know Stance and being extremely vocal against Israel for the last 15 years And proposing to mediate in the beginning and now again escalating rhetorically against Israel But my my concern is that if you think in terms of military escalation I mean and one has also said many times that he thought Sahal was Behaving in a very immoral way and that they should not go too far etc. And we know Turkey is the one Military power that is extremely active in the region currently and they already had an skirmish with Israeli forces in 2010 That led to the breakup of relations with Israel So to conclude how do we avoid this scenario and sorry? I'm insisting on these three countries also because they're on both sides I won't say that they're private countries, but they're friends of the west, but they talk to the rest They're part of the rest if you want So how do we avoid this scenario of an isolated west against an angry global south as the Americans would frame it I think it is very clear that we have to take political responsibility for the Palestinians and not economic responsibility The matter has become political again And there of course Americans are the ones who everybody will turn to to make peace And I think again they are the number one and and we see blinkin has a very hard time now traveling to the to the region And rebalancing from week to week how to operate with every protagonist of the crisis The EU that has been rather silent Has stood with Israel, but clearly there is this Deep historic regret of having failed on the Palestinian Solution But I think the the country that we have to speak about also is clearly there in terms of responsibility Israel Because first thing is that I think you have to make peace with the countries you are you are at war with I mean the Abraham make accord are a very interesting device diplomatic device But the countries that are involved are not the ones that have to make real peace with Israel. In fact, they're not Primarily concerned with the conflict And then I think of course we have to Find a way to make the israeli look at at the at the palestinias political partners again and not only as a Sort of a leftover of a of the the grand quest for the consolidation of the israeli nation state So is it wishful thinking of course we will be struggling we now we know Now it's time for war clearly But it's also time for the humanitarian operations as had been said all for these three days also but Working towards a sustainable solution and I totally agree with them If I mean that it now it's time to close this file. Otherwise it can escalate So we have to close it It means we also have a historical opportunity to take care of this This requires political patronage clearly from the u.s. According to me and this will not be easy With maybe the next administration. We don't know what the future brings It needs political will But it also needs economic resources, of course, and this is where the hebron accords rational has has its place clearly Thank you very much. Uh dilitate. Um, I You know you've covered again a lot of ground did all of the points that are being made here are hugely germane to our Our discussion. Uh, you mentioned turkey It's my understanding that president biden is planning to meet with uh, turkish president regip top at one tomorrow I believe he's traveling to the region that that should be an interesting meeting to keep our eyes on The points you were making about the potential the risks inherent in this conflict that it has the potential to Freeze over into a conflict between Again, this term that's been popping up here The west against the rest and you were you kindly helped to define what the rest might be and Where we had a bit of an issue on that yesterday But you also pointed out the risk of this of countries In the region sliding into war thinking particularly about About hasbola and in lebanon on this the risk of that But you then emphasize the the importance of of trying to expand the Zone of peace as you put it which I think is a nice phrase to describe the some of the surrounding arab countries That have made peace with israelan and potential for doing that forward So your question about how to get the israelis and the palestinians back working on a on a common political project for their own mutual benefit Would indeed be the the challenge. Thank you very much