 Thank you very much. I'm very happy to be here today. I'll present some work that I've been doing with Rahul Surastrav who's over here and also as part of Spark working here in Bombay last year. And in connection to some of my studies on incremental development, which I'm doing in Tokyo. So first of all, I'm very happy to represent Tokyo to the Urban Age Conference because I see it's not on the global Urban Age map, which is in a way surprising or not so surprising because Tokyo is surprising because Tokyo is the biggest city in the world, still with the biggest urban agglomeration, I should say, in the world with 30 million people. And it's not so surprising in a way because Tokyo is a very, very hard city to comprehend from a planning perspective in a way. So it seems to be very much an exception. But actually, what is a similar exception in terms of urban planning and urban development seems to be, in fact, rather the rule in many cities. Tokyo has developed very much in an organic way. We have to use this word organic, which is becoming a buzzword these days, because we can't use the word slam because Tokyo is ranking very, very high on the Sasuke Sasan index of global cities. So how could we call that a slimy type of environment? So what I'm talking about really today for both Bombay and Bogota is not the core, not the historical core of the city, but the periphery. The periphery of Tokyo, which extends to 100 kilometers wide, it's a still-sprawling city, never-ending landscape. Same with the Mumbai. We're focusing not on the colonial core, an historical center, but rather on the sprawling city. And we think that in some ways the development of Tokyo, the incremental urban history of Tokyo, can form some of the discussions we're having on Daravi. This is an aerial of one area, which is pretty central in Tokyo, actually, called Shimokutazawa, on below, an aerial of Daravi. And both are developed as unplanned, but the above image of Tokyo is an image of a regulated unplanned environment. So it's a legitimized space, whereas the image below is seen as being illegitimate urban space. Very brief history of Tokyo, sorry, Tokyo developed from a rural area to an urban area in a very gradual way. Here we see that actually Tokyo was destroyed twice during this century, and after the war was very much redeveloped as a slum, very fast, had to be redeveloped. And the history of urban development of Tokyo is also the history of its economic development. And we feel that the two are very, very much interconnected. Interconnected in a very deep way that I think is important to fully acknowledge if we want to think about the development of places like Daravi. So images of the post-war Tokyo reconstruction, the bazaar economy, the market economy, the small retails, the street vendors were totally parts of the economic fabric, the economic fabric and urban fabric of Tokyo at this point. And it's still very much present. This is today's historical black market. And in Tokyo very little things are kept for historical reasons. They just kept because they still have a function. And so the economic development of Tokyo, the economic miracle of Japan in a way, I want to say, is in the shadow of those skyscrapers which represent this economic miracle, we have the whole history of the local areas of Tokyo. And we think this is the other side, the untold story about the miracle of the economic development of Tokyo. So just before I go back to this, I just want to talk a little bit about the typology. The typology is very much one of low-rise, high-density, totally mixed use, actually extremely mixed in terms of commercial residential. And some areas still look, those pictures, it seems that they've been taken in Sao Paulo or Mumbai, but actually this is Tokyo. And it's not the image we usually have of this highly developed city. But it's not seen as being something which is strange in the Japanese context because the city is ever changing, ever evolving. So this is just being seen as a part of the natural evolution. These images show some connections in terms of the typology between Tokyo and Daravi. Here on the left-hand side we have Daravi. It's a Photoshop collage. On the other side is Tokyo. So the two come together to say a statement about what we see as an environment which is hopelessly seen as a slum and with no form is actually something which could very well become a Tokyo someday, if it was led to develop and regulated. Again, this is Daravi insertion in the Tokyo landscape. Again, here we see a black market in Tokyo with some Daravi structure in it. And here on the last one, a little insertion of some Daravi landscape into a Tokyo street and doesn't feel out of place. So the story is really one which is beyond typology. Typology is in a way almost anecdotal in this case. But the story is the story of the informal economy or the street economy of Tokyo. And this is really much what we think should be taken care of in the case of Daravi. Because if we don't see that the redevelopment of Daravi is not the development of Daravi. And I mean redevelopment as in Daravi redevelopment plan. The development is something which is happening organically and which happened organically in the case of Tokyo. And redevelopment is something which comes imposed on a process, an urban economic process, an urban and economic process which is going on at the moment. And if we break this process in brutal ways, we also completely destroy the fragile urban economic networks which is being put in place. I'm talking about economics but I could also have the same argument for culture. So I want to conclude by saying that why is this important? I think basically we have to think about it. We have to change the paradigm of the way we see urban planners, the work of urban planners, also of financial institutions. How do we really provide for those areas? How do we really intervene? We have to intervene from within this process, I believe. If we want to preserve some type of this fragile development which is happening, Daravi is a complete powerhouse in terms of economic activity. So in terms of, I just finished by showing this last slide of Kodiwada, where we're having a workshop in March with Pukar and the residents of Kodiwada. And we invite you all to participate to this workshop, which is an attempt to look at Daravi from within. Thank you very much.