 This paper provides an overview of the discovery and potential therapies based on different types of stem cells, highlighting the importance of laboratory steps such as controlled culturing and derivation, quality control, and teratoma formation assays. The versatility of graphene scaffolds and extracellular vesicle-based therapies is also discussed, while challenges to acceptance worldwide are summarized, making stem cell therapy a promising turning point in modern medicine with hope for untreatable diseases. This article was authored by Wojciech Zoksiewski, Moche Dobrinsky, Maria Simonowicz, and others.