 This work aims to develop a comprehensive and mathematical model of aluminum production in the Sotterberg electrolyzer by analyzing internal, external, and resultant factors that influence the process, considering modern methods of analysis for thermal and electromagnetic fields and electrolyzers, identifying key factors using system analysis and Pareto diagrams, and deriving a conceptual and mathematical model. The research may be useful to specialists for analyzing primary aluminum production processes. This article was authored by Yuri Valeriyevich Ilyashin and Ekaterina Ivanovna Kaposti.