 from near Bionidic, where I am, and where you just saw the R.M. on a little Hawaii. Good, good. And we're doing another potential post-pandemic production show here today, and we're going to do a Volume 3 of comparing the two major economical forces on the islands, which is hospitality and military. That's right. And so let's go to the first slide, and if you don't mind, recap quickly what we've been doing last time. We have talked about the basic situation of, in a pandemic world, with the shutdown of tourism and its entirety here in Honolulu and on the rest of Hawaiian Islands, what else can we turn to economically? And the other major force here economically, of course, is the military and military spending. So we talked about two of the buildings that you and your family's architectural firm built in Germany for military there. And we also talked about, in the two pictures at the very top, one of the things that the military is good at doing is doing things quickly and moving things around and installing infrastructure and being able to do that. And we looked at, on the other side of the top picture, the need for low-income housing, particularly at this time in economic stress, and one of the things that you have come up with, and you're not the only one, is the use of shipping containers for housing. And could the military participate in this in some manner, being able to move things? That's right. Yeah, and we were saying, we were saying maybe they could have a direct impact because we're saying everything is changing. So if we're not, if the pandemic stays around and we can't travel anymore and move, you know, the oil, you know, it's going to be increasing the useless. And that's what we've been fighting over and about the United States with, you know, many wars in the world. And if we don't need that anymore, maybe we can sort of redistribute the funding and quoting our dear friend, Ron Lindgren, who's going to be with us in the next three shows, says, you know, fighting the good fight. And that's, you know, using, using that for the military, or as you said, in a more indirect way in sort of applying the means of methods that the military is using, which is different than architecture has become in this polarist, this very romantic sentimental way, which sometimes is in our way towards a more engineering way, a more drive cut way, but yet very efficient and effective way. That's the idea. You see that they're all lined up in a row to create that effect, the all American effect of buy one, get one free, creating the courtyard. So they are very sort of strict and in order and marching, right next to each other. But yes, I do this for a humanitarian mission. Exactly. And that, and as you said, that is looking ahead to the post pandemic world. And that's what we are. Yeah. But that's what that are, that's our aim here. But before we get to that, we can go to the next slide and we can talk about the history of the military here in the Hawaiian Islands and to give a really short recap of that. And this photograph from the 1930s of the soldier standing with Simon head in the background is a juxtaposition of those two images of the romantic view of Hawaii and Waikiki as a tourist destination with the reality of the military. And the military is a huge presence here in Hawaii, particularly on the island of Hawaii, on the island of Oahu, I should say. And we'll see evidence of that in a short time from now. But just to recap very briefly, soon as I'll go back to the 1870s, that's when the United States military first got control of Pearl Harbor, because Pearl Harbor was the biggest harbor in the Pacific, and it was considered necessary for control of the Pacific. And in the early 1900s, after annexation was finalized in 1900, the US Army then built a series of four bases along the south shore of Oahu. And those were intended to defend the island from an offshore enemy who would be attacking using battleships with huge guns. So these four military bases would have used huge guns in return, and that enabled the US Army to purchase and or in some cases condemn big pieces of property or big tract of property. And we're going to look at two of those, but one of them is in around and in Diamond Head that we see in the distance in this picture, and that is Fort Ruger. And it's all been, most of that's been turned back over to the state government, but we do have another very important one that we're going to be talking about in just a second. And today that's very little apparent intentionally, because the third industry's been a high feed traces of their own benefits. So let's go to the next slide. That was way different way back that this picture most perfectly talks about the two forces that drive us. Exactly. So here's an aerial photograph of Waikiki in the 19th of the bottom. You can see there were only two large hotels there at the time, even though that was the center of tourism, we only had the Royal Hawaiian Hotel and the Moana Hotel. But in the air flying over Diamond Head is a formation of military airplanes from the, what was then called the Army Air Corps. And this is from the 30s again, showing the military buildup that was happening at the commission again shows, which we're going to be talking about and the present of how the military and tourism may come together or have come together in some situations. Exactly. And this picture, I should say a thank you, although I believe it's the sort of the cup rise from you guys from the Bishop Museum, but you gave it free for being sold commercially. And that was given to me by my dear friend Stefan, who we know as the German Tiki Basement expert. And so thank you, Stefan, because he gave that to me one of the years when he was staying with me. So here's your picture. So go to the next slide again. Next slide once again from your archive. And we have featured that once before in a show, but we want to re-feature that because it's so amazing that this is in a couple of lonely parts that no one would ever imagine these kind of shattered vehicles, you know, being all over the place. Exactly. Well, this is from World War Two. And then when World War Two finally came here, which had been prepared for for years by the military, it came unexpectedly or at least it was unexpected based on how the Army and Navy had been seeing things up until that point because technology changed so quickly in the early 1900s between 1900 and 1941 that the expected war was not fought with battleships offshore the way the Army and the Navy had prepared. It was fought by airplanes. And so that's what happened with number 7, 1941. And when that happened, it was realized that if Japan returned and actually tried to occupy the Hawaiian Islands, you needed to prepare for potential airplane or glider landings. And so to make it impossible for aircraft to land on large open spaces like the Pilani Park or golf courses, they put these wrecked cars in the way. So right at the base of Romantic Diamond Head, the war intrudes with wrecked cars placed in the Pilani Park so it couldn't be used as an emergency airfield. Well, all those cars are on, but if you look in the upper right corner, you see that we do still have vestiges of World War Two today in the form of some other types of structures like quonset huts. That's a picture of a quonset hut. Yeah. But it gets even more weird and extreme, which gets us to the next slide because these are our famous well-renowned beaches. Look at how scenic they were back then. Exactly, because during World War Two again in the fear of a potential Japanese landing, barbed wire was put along as much of the coastline around the Hawaiian Islands as possible. And that included Waikiki. So here is Waikiki Peach in 1943 lined with barbed wire, but they did leave holes for people to go to and from the sand so you can see people are out on the beach enjoying themselves, but with barbed wire in the foreground. And this is something which is somewhat comparable to the situation we find ourselves in today. Tourism was shut down 100% during World War Two. The economic backlog or the economic bolstering was the amount of military spending that occurred instead. So economically everything kept going. We're in the situation today of complete shutdown of tourism when it is far more important. We don't have anything to fill that space. We don't have military spending to take the place of that to what we are dealing with right now during the pandemic. Yeah, let's go to the next slide, which reminds us of how we were used to see our very sort of, you know, vibrant tourist metropolis of Waikiki. We had announced in the last show that we're going to get support because what do we know about tourism? We know someone who knows, and that's our exotic case is an expert, Susanna, who we're all suffering from corona in one way or another. And she's a victim to a degree that she as a for most of the year a single mom has to stay home and do home schooling, but not the way she was used to do that when she was living in America, where she was actually in charge. But now that kind of the DOE equivalent people here in Germany tell her what she has to teach the kids. And that's rather nerve-wracking as you can tell. So here she is and on the top right is a qualification, which is her degree in business and tourism. And she also has experience from the 20 years ago when she was on the island more personally with the military. And from and to that regards at the very bottom, this shows us very clearly in color code is the rad is the quantitative chunks of military that you said is very much dominating our island and you can see the proportions of that. It's pretty apparent, but it's not so apparent anymore for the tourist driving because as you said, and you told me that in the past, military people have to wear their uniforms. So they were very clearly identifiable. That's not the case anymore. And then again, being majorly driven by the tourist industry, the tourist industry has little to no interest to basically celebrate the coexistence in such a domination of the military on the island, right? Is it still there? No? Is it still there? I sort of had a hard time hearing you, Soto, hoping that I'm still on air. Let's go on to the next slide and hopefully we can get the Soto back in a minute. So I see Eric coming forward this slide, so I'm still on air. So there were some recent events that Suzanne was saying there's some indications of Paradise and Pearl. This looks like there's war, but in fact, it's not. While it was more on a more personal basis than a weird guy was setting historic houses on fire in the Soto's in my neighborhood here. So some signs of riots and sort of the bellens of Paradise a little bit shaken. And we go to the next slide, please. And I'm just hearing here, getting texted that the Soto is still on the, you can still hear him, but I can't hear him. So that is now challenging for us to do a show together where we can't hear each other. So whenever I see your face, Soto, I will shut up and you take over, okay? Does that work? I think that's the best we can improvise from now. So here's another sign of things not being so peaceful anymore. The surfboards that visiting Will Bruder at the top left had been thrilled about and had been set on fire by another weirdo and they luckily didn't burn the wing of the Moana Serb Rider down. But again, everything else is gone. And then, so this is an indication, I put Kurt Sandburne in here on most active journalists on the island. Then I guess he was preventing another disaster which would have been of economical impact because that wing was supposedly being taken down and replaced with a high rise. And so that obviously didn't happen. We're not unhappy about that to say the least. Go to the next slide. This is again the Soto where technical difficulties, I hear he's still there but he can't hear me but I just keep on going. This is taken by the Soto some days ago and taking his ride up the press being an essential business. And this is him and the port coast chair of the Moana Serb Rider where again, no people are there anymore. But building in the background is as important. And while we feel for everyone, you know, of the many who are infected by the virus that there's always a good thing potentially about everything bad, here in that case we were hoping that the plan to tear the Princess Kailani hotel in the background down will be put on hold but will never happen because we have done a show about it and we're referring to that of the top rise that is a very necessary modern marvel that we think if you just wait that a little longer from what they are thinking obviously being outdated and if you wait that a little longer, it becomes it transitions to the vintage stage and that's what we're predicting. We're hoping again, we know the virus is also the chance to sit down and reflect more on things than we have done it in the past. So we're hoping that will happen and the owners will watch the show and will reconsider and sort of just touch up lightly their piece and you know, celebrate it as the new century modern model it is. Next slide. Okay, good way of you back to Soto. This picture again from your treasure box, your archives and this must be once again our micron yard and your front yard cup to London Park because that's the only point where it could be diamond had was without obstruction of buildings and high rises. So this is our park. No, my goodness. No, Martin, you are incorrect. This is Fort Darusey and you can tell that this is military by all of those men that are marching there. This is one of the four the four forts that the army built across the south shore of Oahu as I mentioned earlier starting in 1906 and this is the large open space of Fort Darusey. Now Fort Darusey was built to be a fort, a military fort and we still have a vestige of that today in the bunker that was built to hold the giant guns, which they tried to demolish in the late 1960s and it was such thick concrete that they had to give up and give up and leave it there because it was impossible to move. But what we have seen is even though the army still owns Fort Darusey, it shifted away from its defensive use to become what it now is and we've got a picture of that if we want to go to the next slide. Here's an aerial photograph of Fort Darusey as it looks today with a big beach in the front of it, beautiful beach. But right in the middle of Waikiki that military land is still there. It is however as I said just used for recreation and it contains a modern resort hotel. It's run by the army four members of the military whether they are current military members or retired military and so this coming together that we've been talking about the military in Hawaii and tourism in Hawaii. They happen to have both exist together there. Yeah and I shared with you that I was one based upon David, my professor, Ruckwood's traffic here, Ruckwood's colleague was invited by because he's from Oregon from Portland and so the Portland State University, a faculty member there, supposedly had strong ties to the military and so he invited him and me to be part of the workshop so we were eyewitnessing and the topic was how can you make you know the land more useful and certainly put more buildings on it more densified so we know firsthand the military is not sleeping they're thinking about it and you've been telling me that over the years there were always discussions about if the military should and could afford it if they should give it to the city but we were saying then that would probably be given to private developers and then it wouldn't be that green lung anymore, right? Exactly. It would look like everything else in Waikiki. Right and the irony is that because the military took it over we had this huge open space still in existence in Waikiki which otherwise would have been paved over a long time ago and you can see in this picture very clearly there's the open space around the Holocaust hotel. Yeah, yeah, yeah absolutely. So one of the next slides which is again something we have been featuring at least in part in a show which we're referring to at the top rise when we're talking about the best one night on the island and this is this is an addition of another wing that was completed a couple of years later and then and it speaks for that the military you know is able to produce you know qualitative work I mean this is a good piece of as we like to call it tropical modernism right sorry tropical brutalism brutalism modern too but more specific tropical brutalism and it's a nice piece of very sexy piece as his curvy cast and blaze bellows straight yeah so again the the military you know it has proven to be a good partner certainly nationally anyways I remember from moving from the ferry to the desert I was going through Colorado and saw the airport academy there with yeah the marvelous chapel you know the other medium pavilion so on a national level anyways but even here on a local level we have this group of evidence that the military might be a good partner yeah talk about what we're interested building culture after all right exactly go to the next slide this is the condition that you were talking about and you took this picture here you had to lock the lockout and the lock down and the beach is deserted it's a surreal situation again here's the memory of Suzanne way back hanging out with some military people there so again we were thinking the three of us were thinking okay how should we proceed from here and go to the next slide that is something we were brainstorming this is a collage of many things we were talking about last night we were rehearsing and one of the things is that the governor based upon I guess the consultants of the tourist industry was saying this very kind of sketchy thing that we should brand ourselves as the safest place on earth and what is your response to that well unfortunately if you say you're the safest place on earth to attract lots of people once those people start coming it's not necessarily going to be the safest place on earth anymore because we have the option of reintroducing the pandemic which we have worked so hard to get rid of uh-huh that's so true and the other thing we want to quote is a recent guest on our previous show over transcendence who is professor old Meyer and old just published an article that doesn't is lacking the English translation so that's going to be your in this case pretty lengthy German we can German less that I might want to spare you on but he makes some really good bullet points here about not actually about how tourism primarily this article is about is a review of a book that looks into looks into housing but he was sort of sidetracking that to tourism and saying that the trend in dwelling these days in the in the next generation is going to be different anyways because they don't want to make a home their lifetime project with mortgage and all that stuff they want to have a more nomadic lifestyle and and all these things he kind of touches upon there and they've reminded us of our studies in uh in new buildings for the island which in particular the primitiva and and it made us actually be critical about primitiva one which was still sponsoring the more compartmentalized paradise little unit that is very multifunctional but again given the situation and the kind of the pressure of home office can you imagine if you have a a couple of family members and you're all going to share a very small space and and that is happening right and it sure is families for example of lower income they have to live through situations like that it's going to be a hardship so how can you home office your kids how can you home school your kids how can you home office yourself everything on a small so that brought us maybe uh you know made us think more about the primitiva too uh and we want to dwell upon that a little bit why that one of the more attractive under your third instance but one of the things that this the it is in the german text is the word cocooning and what we see is in the open spaces that we see in the picture on the left you can have smaller areas that are specific for specific tasks and so on one hand we have this we face the the option of creating smaller spaces but on the other hand we also realize that we have to social distance and you've also got a picture of social distancing got a very clear diagram of don't get close together in this german in this german sign that you took a picture of in other words don't cluster together but you've got to space yourself out and that's something you could do there as well yeah and if you're looking for give yourself a usp i think we learned from susan again the unique felon proposition is in a little bit more humble but maybe even more explicit way is yes we have climatically the best condition uh to live through a situation because we got the cleanest air we got the coolest air compared to let's say our trumpian tropics of florida right how do you want to live easy breezy how do you want to you got to somehow protect yourself and so that's why ac full predominant there leaves don't necessarily so we can live outdoors while being sheltered from the rain and sun at the same time right and then as you said we can cocoon ourselves in this wide open in this case cascading down landscape so this might actually be a really good prototype for you know obviously prices of many kinds but also this one here right um let's go to the next and final slide here which is basically in a couple hours a few hours ahead the emerging generation will hurt as well as on that the studio i'm teaching about the second matter at the beginning not knowing how even more current it would become all the physical models who have been doing why we're still able to meet in person at the university the school of architecture and the picture at the top right is obviously when we had shifted to uh online and also then um us being half around the world which actually has turned out to be quite um actually um um um i would say because it has it's a successful we will actually see but also but for sure opening our eyes uh even more for all these potential scenarios and we're not able probably even after tomorrow we won't be able to give explicit answers but i think we'll have plenty more very valuable questions to ask which will then lead to answers exactly and that is the whole point of what we're talking about we are in a pandemic right now what are we going to do in the future when it dies down or when it's under control how is that going to affect our lives and we cannot say right now what the long-term effects are going to be but they might be significant and unforeseen and that's what we're going to be looking at in the next year and further how do we deal with another obviously yeah and obviously many more shows but we will take a little break a little bit of catching a breath i guess and many places are doing by opening up more carefully hopefully and we will open up a little bit more and revisit our friends on lindgren and do a series of free shows about how the resort architecture of the turnpillings within partners and also come to hill and had started on our island and yeah see you again for that and until then stay safe and sound bye everybody