 The focus of global research teams is on developing sustainable biofuels, biomaterials, and fine chemicals through the use of polyhydroxyalkanotes, a promising biomaterial due to its physical chemical properties, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Efficient and economic bioprocesses are being designed with social and environmental benefits in mind, highlighting the multidisciplinary nature of this venture. The current review presents challenges and opportunities regarding polyhydroxyalkanote production, covering key steps from raw bioprocess development to downstream processing using pure and mixed culture biotechnology. This article was authored by Constantina Cormenza, Jerson Placido, Nicolaus Venetsanius, and others.