 Hey guys, welcome back to my YouTube channel. This is Daniel Rosal here, video today on the obscure, abtruse topic of typing in Paleo or Proto-Hebrew. So for those who are aware, unless you clicked into this video, you're probably where the Paleo-Hebrew was, is an ancient form of Hebrew that to the best of my knowledge and as I said in my last video, I'm not a historian, predates the Ashurit script and Ashurit is the name for the familiar block letters of Hebrew that are in use today, both in the Turgical context and in Everyday context in Israel. Paleo-Hebrew is not used anymore in either context, but it is still of relevance, historical relevance, historical intrigue, particularly for archaeologists because when this was used to the best of my knowledge, and again, a reiterate, I'm not a historian or an expert, I'm just very curious about this topic, it was used as a kind of day-to-day colloquial language and the font was used for colloquial day-to-day purposes like schooling and whatnot before basically it fell and it's called a modern Hebrew Katav Ivory Hebrew script and then basically fell out of use and everything was standardized on Ashurit script. So now the interesting thing about the Paleo-Hebrew font, there are some good resources about it online, is that it went through several different iterations. There isn't a single Paleo-Hebrew font when archaeologists have done excavations from various periods, they found variations on the alphabet, so given that the ancient Israelite civilization was not a brief period of time, the alphabet evolved, it also bears very close resemblance to the Phoenician script and I'll just leave the history lesson there because that is truly about as much as I know about it, I'm not an expert but I have actually read this guy's book, which is very worth this one of the few books on this whole topic by a guy called Jeff Benner, he has this useful website called Ancient Hebrew dot org and it's going to be one of the two resources I want to show you guys if you want to download it to your computer. Now in a video I just uploaded I've talked about the fact that I did produce Paleo-Hebrew scripts ventures for my wedding, Birkonim, and I had to do that process by hand because I couldn't find a keyboard layout in Ubuntu Linux, which is what I use, now I know most people use Windows or Mac, but I don't think the situation is all that much better. So here's one way that'll work, I think irrespective of what operating system you use. So to find these resources I typed into Google Ancient Hebrew Fonts, you could also probably type in Paleo-Hebrew Fonts or Proto-Hebrew Fonts and there is a couple of resources. The first one is this website called BiblePlaces.com and you see what I mean, they have a bunch of different scripts based on this one, they just call Paleo, Proto-Synatic, Circa 13, Lachish, Ketafinom, which is a very interesting place, Samaritan, and also there's a strong resemblance between Samaritan and Hebrew, which has been preserved today and is still in use today in fact, and these ancient alphabets because the two groups split off, the Jews and the Samaritans split off in ancient times, but unlike the Jewish, the standard Judaism which has standard on Ashurit, the Samaritans still use their ancient alphabets in prayers even though the Samaritan community today is really, really small. So there's this, let me just jump back to Jeff Benner's site here. So he actually, I like this because he gives you a little preview of each font and then you can download this. So the one I used for my wedding if I'm not mistaken was Paleo-Hebrew Middle-Semitic. This is a Hebrew alphabet that was used from about 1200 BCE and into the first century. This font was created by Ebionite.org, just out of curiosity, see what's here, and you can download. So once you download, you're going to get a file, you can see it's just popped up here called TTF. Now I'm running through all this process for people who haven't done this kind of thing before, so if this is redundant, please feel free to skip through the video. And then you want to use the font installer on whatever operating system you are using. So on Ubuntu Linux, it's called FontManager and you just basically pointed to the font, so this is on my desktop, Eviov.ttf. And I don't think this is actually going to do ever anything because it's already been installed or it should have been released, maybe not. And it'll show you the glyphs. So these are different fonts I have on my computer here that I've installed myself. We can see this one called Evionipelio and it gives you like a waterfall presentation of different sizes. Again, this is specific to Ubuntu, but and you can see each individual glyph that you've downloaded to your computer along with a Unicode to get it upright. So I can remember little bits of Pelio. This is the rate, this is the dot, sorry, that's the bet, that's the, where is Dalit? I think that's Dalit here, right? Maybe that was Dalit, that was right. Anyway, I used to know how to read this, but I've gone rusty in the three years since my wedding. So that's, it's installed on your computer and if you're in Windows or Mac, you can just follow the equivalent, you know, procedures and whatnot. So I'm now going to open up my, okay, so I've now installed my lovely Evionipelio font. And I'm going to be using for this open office. Now it's tiny bit finicky to get right to left typing, working in open office. What I needed to do was do tools, options, and then under languages, I needed to enable a complex text layout for Hebrew. And I think this means that like, when it's a text right to left script, it'll give you right, right, left. Let me show you what I mean. So firstly, after installing whatever font, they should appear and this should happen instantaneously. The font cache refreshes, if it doesn't, you might need to restart your computer. And I have Evionipelio. So let's say I want to type in regular Hebrew. I'm just going to go to Aleph, which is actually a script I quite like. Now I'm changing my keyboard layout here. Okay. And what I'm also going to do is go to this option here, which is left to right, the right to left, left to right, right to left toggle, and I've gone for right to left. Or I can say Shalom, Ani, Dania, and this is just me typing in, you know, regular Hebrew. Now to type in Pelio Hebrew, I go down and I select my Evionipelio script. And now I need to actually, now this is a difference between a font and a keyboard layout. So my, when my keyboard was in English, it reverted to an English script. But when I put it into Hebrew, the keyboard layout, not the font, and I had the right font set, it would work. So it's not a perfect process. And this is it. Now my, my, my Pelio is, is too rusty. I used to, as I say, my previous video know how to type this pretty well. But it will work and you'll get your, you'll get your text typed out there. And you just need to, you need to just be a little bit patient with the right, left, finicky stuff and try it out in a few different programs. You could probably use this to better effect and something like latex. And in another video, if I can remember how I got it to work, I'll cover how to do a, how to do an actual keyboard layout, a keyboard layout because that was available in Windows. We just basically need to make sure that your, everything's set to right, left. So you can see the paragraph settings, text direction, right, left, and it should eventually, eventually figure out a way to get it to work. Hope the video is useful. If you want to get more videos from me, please feel free to subscribe to this YouTube channel.