 Felly, mae'n gweithio yng Nghymru yn ysgrifennu, dwi'n gwneud ar unrhyw proses, sy'n gwneud yn cyfrifio'r dweud, yna mae ddim yn ymddangos o'i gyda'r ddiogel. Felly, un o'r ddiogel eich proses eraill yw ymddiad, mewn european yn ymddangos. Felly, yn ddweud mewn i gweithio'r ddiogel, dwi'n gweithio'r dwi'n gwneud ar y proses felly dyma oedd i'n gwneud. Yna'r holl bryd, mae'n gweithio'r ddiogel. I ddiwedd yr oedd ymddangos cyntaf o, yn ffysg, o'r Cyfrifoledig Yng Nghymru, a dyna'r cyfrifoledig yng Nghymru yn ymddangos cyfrifoledig yn yr Yng Nghymru, ac mae'r ddysgwrs wedi bod yn ddangos cyfrifoledig bynnag ymddangos cyfrifoledig yn ddysgwrs yn ymddangos cyfrifoledig. Ond hyd yn ddigwydd i'r cyfrannu yn oedd yn dweud i'r cyfrannu cyfrannu yn ychydigol yng Nghymru. Ond mae'n meddwl â'i ddweud â'r cyfrannu. Ac mae'n ddweud i gynnwys gan y mae'n meddwl yn ystod o'r cyfrannu gyfrannu i'r cyfrannu cyfrannu, ond rwy'n meddwl ar y cyfrannu cyfrannu. Ond rydyn ni'n meddwl i ni'n meddwl i gydigol i gydigol i'r cyfrannu, ac o'r tynnu sy'n meddwl i'r cyfrannu. felly-, I will have to highlight the important roles of castles and cultural heritage and do this by showing the scientific value of the buried archaeology at these sites and the importance of geoarchaeology in doing this. I've really not got much time, so I'm going to flick through a lot of this, Ond o bobl i gynnwys yw y cwylwyr oherwydd y cwylwyr yn cael ei fasglu oherwydd dyna'n gyfnod yw hynny, wedi'u cael ei fod yn ddweud o'r rhan o'r ffordd o'r fan o gyfer o'r meddwl a'r ei ddweud i phoes ffocir yma. Yn gwybodaeth ddwybydd yn ymgyrch yn y gwaith, i'r ddweud yn gwneud yn ei ddangos. Felly, rwy'n gobeithio i'r ddweud yw'r gwaith, yn rhoi'r ddweud y ddweud yn eu ddweud, ac yn ddweud i'r ddweud yw'r cyfnodau ond. Felly, we've got case studies and library and portfolio data from across Europe, so I've got existing data from castles in Estonia, France, Poland, Italy, Spain and the Netherlands, all come from collaborators. I have, my data relates to Estonia, Poland and Spain, and I'm about to embark on collecting some new samples. I've just been at an excavation at Geneva on the Isle of Isle in Scotland, where we'll be hoping to go back and collect some more samples from there. And also some more from Spain and some more excavations in Latvia, where actually there'll be some conservation work taking place and we'll be able to link the geoarchaeology into those conservation work. So when you sort of do the conservation work at castles, maybe moving rubble for example, and when you do that you're uncovering the buried archaeology, which I hope to show is pretty fantastic. So just to pick a few and show the sort of coverage that we have. These are just some of the castles that we're looking at and how they relate to the sort of cultural climate. So they've been excavated from different sort of heritage perspectives. There's sort of development and rebuilding projects. So just as an example, Chateau de Gienne, the excavations took place there during the sort of additions for the National Museum of Hunting, which is now located on that site. The work at Elblom in Poland took place when a new car park was built, for example. The Carpsy Castle in Estonia, this work was carried out as part of a research excavation, an ERC project that I worked on, and the ecology of Proof Sading. And Castle Seprio and Montegoroto, these were also done as research excavations by the University of Poloel. And the current project that I work on, Marina d'Aragol in Spain, where this work here has been as pilot work, but we'll now sort of focus in an HRC project starting in October. So just to show some of the potential, these are the vital archaeology of the insetions. This is the profile here. You can see these organic bands here, which you can't really decipher just by the naked eye. But when you look at them in section under the microscope, you can really see just how different sort of, so this green one here is this one, just the sort of level of detail that you're missing. And this was actually helpful of organic remains, parasite eggs, and stabling waste. And again, a similar situation at Carpsy, fantastic organic preservation. This is a compolite, and this is actually what poddling remains embedded within it. And these are samples from Kessel, and again, not a waterlog context, so a different type of preservation, and through rapid burial, which features quite prominently, that Kessel sites be similar to an earthen site, I guess. But again, fantastic preservation organics, built in a different form, microscopically. And similar to Kessel, we have a similar situation of preservation of Chateau de Genne. What the project is also looking at is hiacuses in use, so something that is often overlooked as well from the buried archaeology. So changes in use at these sites. What happens when they're abandoned, for example, like squatting activities? This is often overlooked when you're just focusing on the standing remains. So the geoarchaeology really helps us to understand the formation processes of the archaeology, the factors that affect the preservation of it. And with that, we can inform how it should be examined in the future, and also how it should be preserved. So just an example from Spain. So we've done sort of two types of excavation at this site. We had, we did some investigations on a profile that had been left exposed. It hadn't been backfilled, it had just been opened up, left exposed. And this had been done to look at what was called architectural interventions. So just looking at the architecture really. But preservation in this section was awful. All the plaster, everything all worked away. The levels had sort of been working by attabation. They were really sort of really bad. However, the materials here had been covered by the collapse of the tower. And the ashes looked like they'd been thrown out yesterday. So the burial really protected the archaeology. So just to end with some of the human threats to castles. Restoration is a threat to the buried archaeology when you're moving things and altering things. Excavation is obviously a threat, which is why you need a proper sort of scientific approach to looking at them. And I've got use of castles as hotels as well. So there's been some quite bad examples. I'm not going to make a name and shade, but where the buried archaeology has just been bulldozed out and spars have been put in. So they make nice hotels where people want to stay in them. So yeah, this is really what we're going to look at. I'm trying to develop some sort of European research agenda. I don't know if we can. We might have to just take it slowly and decide how to do it nationally. But any helpful suggestions would be great. Thank you.