 left so let's get some questions from the audience please and there are a couple of hands because it's pretty well impossible for me to see as I gaze into the darkness here but there are two hands up there if the microphones could come to them and if you could say who you are. Sure, Memdu Karakulukcu from Istanbul. I want to ask Volker about Sudan. It fits in with the sort of model I was playing with in the morning in the panel. What I wasn't clear is that the way you painted the picture it sounded like on economic, political, international affairs, all three fronts things are moving in the right direction. Is it, I mean that may or may not be accurate but that is the way I perceived it, is it because the population, the elite, learned from the mistakes of others and they actually substantively are delivering on the economy, the politics and all the rest of it or is it a shift of attitude? Do the people knowing what has happened elsewhere, are they more patient, are they more tolerant, are they more willing to allow time for all these efforts to give it fruit? Is it, am I making myself clear? Is it actually a substantive change because that would be excellent news that things can be around, turned around within a few years versus it takes time but if we change attitudes in the population then it will allow things to go in the right direction in five, ten years. Thank you. Volker hold that thought and then the other question, in fact there are two more, one yes just there, thank you very much, yeah. I put my question now okay, Erre-Marie-Ton from France, two quick questions to Madame El-Cadbé. First we're here in the Emirates in a country with a large number of migrants, so how do you see this factor revolving in the ten years to come? I mean situation seems stable most of the time in most parts of the region but sometimes it's a bit more difficult in other countries in the Gulf and so is it something that you see as being decreased in the decade to come? Is the part of migrants in the country to increase and how do you see the life of these migrants in the country? I mean the sort of proportion of the population you have here is the sort of thing we do not know in our countries and it is something of a strange reality to us and it's obviously an important factor of life in your country. The second quick question is very interesting question because yeah the question basically if you take the Gulf states other than Saudi Arabia the population is largely immigrant, I mean for example in the UAE I think the population, the citizen population is probably 10% and the same really Kuwait, Bahrain a little higher but that says a great reliance upon immigrant residents so what is the future development of society? Did I get that question correctly? The question is correct, how do you see this revolving in the ten years to come? Is it a factor of stability or not? And a quick other question we have not been talking a lot about Saudi Arabia and you've corrected this, we have not been talking a lot about Qatar and obviously it's about Qatar and it's obviously a tricky issue in the region as well. Yeah okay thank you and then the third question just there. It's actually a counterpart to Mr. Mariton's question. Do you see a role for Arab diasporas helping their home countries? Excellent okay good question. We have five minutes. Boko you can start with your question. You only need a minute to answer that question. Here we go. No I don't think I need more. Thank you. Thank you Mamdou for the question. I didn't want to create the impression that transition is an easy right. Every step that has been taken in Sudan has to be negotiated between these partners in that marriage of reason and it's every step is a difficult negotiation. But to your question sort of is it learning or attitude? Now it's never absolute here but I would tend to say it is learning. It is learning from the experiences of others. I mentioned Syria. I mentioned Libya. Some other experiences but it is also learning through marching forward on that path. Learning both that you cannot have a half or a 30 percent transition. I mean you cannot build peace well you cannot build peace without having a peace agreement but you cannot have a peace agreement without building peace and you need an economy for that. You cannot have economic recovery without reintegrating with the rest of the world and you will not be reintegrated in the rest of the world if you fall back into authoritarianism and dictatorship and defy rule of law. So everybody realizes that these dimensions are connected and then of course people are learning from one another while they are moving forward. I would say and to conclude with this sort of on the cultural identity question by opening up the political scene and by concluding peace agreements and by integrating former rebels into government. The Sudanese are also collectively realizing what pluralistic countries they actually are and that this could be an advantage and needs to be preserved. Thank you. Ibtisam the floor is yours now. The question is if the one was about what is the policy how would it evolve on immigrant residents in the Gulf states and the second question we really is about Qatar and I suppose the confrontation that existed between most of the GCC and Qatar which is now we hope properly resolved. That was that was it yeah Qatar. Okay well in the beginning I would say it is it was a dilemma how to manage that okay and and there is a fear and try through emiratorization then the government came to a conclusion that well you still need those expats and you have a small population okay and you are enlarging your projects so you have to decide uh so that the decision okay we will have them and we will manage them well now we have 200 nationalities here managing them very well there is no conflicts even what happened in the 80s between the Indian and the Pakistani it's not anymore there okay engaging them that at the limit they feel they are part of this country part of its stability they fear if there is anything happened that incident which happened that a woman has been killed that a few years ago everybody was feeling fear or on the stability of this country the most stable and security you will find it here in UAE and there is a question of course about the salaries whatever but still comparing I'm always saying comparing with their original countries they find themselves still they are winner here now on the long run the latest which has been released that the global emirates shows that we are going in that way managing our indigenous with the other nationality and no reverse about this no back to 80s where we say we have to preserve our identity and no others should we should not let the cameras we should be the majorities cannot be you cannot do it anymore now regarding Qatar I think Dr. Anwar elaborate on that but I would say also that it's always basically between UAE and Qatar it's the differences in the vision and in the role and the way UAE always believed on the nation state the Qataris believed on non-state actors and so that's two ways one promoting nation state the other promoting non-state actors here we are talking the muslim brotherhood so two different rules plus between the Saudi and Qatari well Qatari always felt a threat from Saudi a big countries behind them and back to the clash between the two countries 1995 there is always concern in the mind of the Qataris leadership that Saudi always be a threat so you have to contain Saudi either by being troublemakers or having a good relation previous it was not a good relation now the Qataris also all of us from that rift I would say all the countries realize it's it's zero sum game nobody win so that's why they came to that al-Ula summit and how to make it win-win unfortunately there's a there are screens in front of us with big red letters saying time up so we start a little late and we're going to finish a tiny bit late because despite this thing I want each of you in 20 seconds say what your dream is was 2030 it a man as a dream 20 seconds yeah dream is for for a middle east that enables it's a young generation and to find home a hospitable place okay good 20 seconds vodka a deeply integrated deeply economically and socially integrated region that could compete with southeast Asia excellent Mona 20 seconds a young generation that will be up to compete with the with the western generation in the new technology and the digitization in all their aspirations to be at this at a part with them perfect Bernadino is to see the young diplomats in the region designing the plans and and the projects that will bring peace to the region around 2030 inshallah region without conflict based on sect or ethnicity region with empowering citizenship inshallah it'll all happen thank you very much to this panel I think it's extremely good thank you