 The study found that smoking cigarettes, consuming scalding hot tea, and exposure to mold on stored grains were associated with increased risk of developing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, ESCC, in Malawi. Reducing smoking cigarettes, consumption of scalding hot tea, and consumption of contaminated grain, could potentially help reduce the burden of ESCC in Malawi. Further investigation of the association between HIV status and ESCC are warranted. This article was authored by Bengani Kaimila, Gift Molaima, Shifundo Kajambo, and others.