 Thank you, Gillian. Good afternoon, LF Europe member Summit. My name is, hey, hey, yeah! That's Europe. What a wonderful group. I have the honour and the privilege of presenting insights from Linux Foundation Research this afternoon on recently published and soon to publish reports, and the subject matter I'll be covering today are Europe's public sector opportunity, digging into findings from the Europe Spotlight Report, and digging into our results of open source for sustainability. For those of you not familiar with Linux Foundation Research, we were founded in 2021 with the sole purpose of describing what is taking place across open source communities. What are the opportunities, what are the challenges, and the scope of that mandate was incredibly broad. As you all know, open source is vast. Even if you look at the Linux Foundation alone, we have more than 900 projects today. So, trying to organize research in a meaningful way meant that we had to create frameworks. And so the four frameworks that we have at LF Research to categorize our initiatives are the following. We conduct research along technology horizontals, everything on this list from AI through to web application development, WASM being one of the latest examples. Industry verticals, you heard from Luchin Balaya this morning from RTE describing some of our research efforts in the energy sector. We look at ecosystem-wide issues, topics that don't fit neatly into one given industry over the technology, but apply cross-industries and cross-technologies, subjects like governance or diversity, equity, inclusion or even cybersecurity, topics that touch various parts of our community. And finally, most recently, we launched a new framework to explore open source by geographic region. And so that's the focus of Europe and this community is to really understand what is the European open source opportunity? What are the European specific challenges? How does Europe compare to the Americas and to Asia Pacific? Where is it leading? Where is it lagging? So these are the kinds of questions we're really excited to have the opportunity to address, and I'm so thrilled that we can share the findings with you in the community today and in the weeks ahead. So why do we do this? Well, apart from creating a bunch of really good data, we're certainly not about creating research for the sake of it. We want our research to be able to inform decision-making, inform budgets, inform and inspire project formation, inspire collaboration, encourage contributions to our communities, essentially create awareness and inspire activations across all facets of our community. We want you to use this material as a resource. We have a vast library of research available to you and your organizations, which essentially is convince my boss about why I should be part of LF Europe. Convince my boss why we need to send contributors into this project. Let's up our budget. Let's grow our contributions and research I hope can be the tool that helps you and your conversations make the case for why what we're doing here is so important and how our projects are having an impact. Ultimately, we're telling stories about journeys, about Luchin's journey at RTE and about the journey of the Academy Software Foundation, about the journey of other leaders. So dig in and what I've done in this presentation is try to capture some of that storytelling through quotes. We like to engage our communities as much as possible and co-create research with people. Give people the opportunity to share their insights. That's really what it's all about. So our first effort that was specific to Europe was this time last year when Linux Foundation Europe was first formed. We published a research report, the 2022 spotlight, which identified opportunities and challenges around European open source. And it identified some significant gaps most specifically related to the public sector. And the fact that the public sector in Europe was failing to capitalize on the open source opportunity. Where contribution was encouraged in only 29% of our public sector respondents versus the mean of 46%. So what do we do with that? Well, now Gab and Mirko and Rima were trying to close that gap and build bridges with the public sector and engage the public sector constituents in open source. There's also a significant policy imbalance. People within organizations don't have proper guidelines. They don't have the necessary tools or they don't have the permission to contribute back upstream. And how do we change internal policies so that we can have our employees contribute code or participate in fixing a vulnerability? So those are some gaps identified in 2022. We also hosted a round table in Dublin at open source summit Europe last year. Some of you were part of that conversation where we literally went around the room and said what do we need here in Europe and how is it unique and what do we need to do? And essentially it was determined that a public sector and policymaker awakening was very much needed. We needed better educational materials. We needed research. We needed data. And some more focused Europe-centric research was mandated and I had the pleasure of leading that effort once again this year with a public sector report. And the questions we asked in that report were what government entities were leading in the transformation? I think some of the most powerful inspiration we can find is who is doing inspiring, valuable work in open source today? What are their stories? What are their journeys? And if they can do it, others can do it. And so it was a matter of rounding up the landscape through a series of interviews. And could we generate a blueprint at open forum Europe's policy summit in February this year? There was a panel about the need for a public sector blueprint and research would help create such a utility. And so very clear was right we have to get on this. And tomorrow again as Gabb mentioned our QR code is not live yet but tomorrow I will be very pleased to publish European Public Sector open source opportunity co-authored by Mirko Bohm, Kailin Osborne who's presently at Peking University doing research, and Anna Jimenta Santamaria and are you here in the room? I saw Anna at lunch from the to-do group. So a wonderful collaboration and I'll describe briefly the good news that came as a result of this effort. European Union and member states have been championing and I should say Europe broadly it's not just the European Union but in Europe there's been a championing of open source software for over two decades. There are strategies at the European Commission. There are laws and directives that mandate open source software use first before other alternatives. There are open source program offices within European Union. The ethos that public code and public money kind of go hand in hand espoused by the Free Software Foundation of Europe Europeans working teams on the digital commons the importance of open source software as a pathway to create digital sovereignty and recently Germany's Center for Digital Sovereignty the digital tech fund there's sovereign tech funds investment in OpenJS Foundation. This is the good news. The bad news is that we still have challenges to confront. There's a deep need to reduce vendor lock-in across the region. There is still limited awareness of the value proposition for open source software among decision makers which makes research and resources so valuable. There is a culture present in certain countries that people value what they pay money for and so there's this notion that free means it's cheap it's lesser which is not the case and we have to change that mindset that that even though it is freely available it is highly valuable. There is a contribution gap and security has put open source software in the spotlight with potentially harmful regulation as we all know the CRA looms large and it is on the minds of everyone in the community and so the studies sought to understand these dynamics understand the state of open source in the public sector in the context of of what we know to be true today identify the barriers and the enablers and the priorities for Europe's open source future and as I said previously to better understand who's leading the transformation what could stakeholders learn from them. Stories and journeys are important and I hope that you'll find inspiration in the stories and journeys that are uncovered in this paper. How did we go about it? We began the study with a comprehensive review of the literature as a standard practice that LF research what publications existed today what could we learn from them and how could we make sure that the research we're doing is differentiated from what's already published. We conducted 30 interviews including 21 experts from the public sector nine experts from industry and civil society organizations there was a fairly decent gender mix among the interviewees a third female two-thirds male and a good cross-section of geographies were represented numerous countries listed here on the slide and so key findings in the words of the European working team on digital commons rightly supported digital commons can increase their role as a pillar of Europe's digital sovereignty the the relationship between open source software software and Europe charting a path to digital sovereignty is firmly firmly established in in this report. It is viewed as a mechanism for independence from US tech giants and Astor if you're here know Astor was on a call Astor was one of our interviewees and helped us by way of making connections to people who are at the forefront of public sector implementations and so there is widespread recognition of open source software's value proposition but we need more than rhetoric so the benefits are understood but now is the time for concrete action at high levels of government to mobilize resources if you think of the film with Tom Cruz and Cuba Gooding Jr show me the money yeah Jerry McGuire show me the money resources really matter it's all part of the big sustainability picture and it is true for open source as it is for football players signing signing their contracts I can't understate the value of our members and how their support enables us to do the important work that we do so it is about the value that open source software brings to the transformation of public services and it's not software for software's sake it is about creating citizen-centric services doing something with the software itself and driving forward the digital services that that citizens and taxpayers expect and Daniel who had the pleasure of having dinner with it in Brussels around the time of FOSTA and the open forum your policy summit is one of the leaders in this transformation in Sweden's tax agency thinking through the realities of vendor lock-in and how he can make alternative choices through open source software and so the need to drive digital sovereignty with open source software came through very clearly it is unquestionably seen as a driver and to reduce vendor lock-in to maintain control over it systems to be able to review an audit software this was extremely well established in our interview process and if sovereignty is the goal investment in open source sustainability is the necessity and there is a need for investment so that our software can be maintained and it can remain secure and again I want to call it Germany sovereign tech funds that should be eight hundred and seventy five thousand dollar investment in open JS foundation as a promising start yes I changed it on my phone but it didn't update there a last tech so we need more actors funding we need more funders funding and we need more coordination of the funders so that's where community comes into play and so the key enablers from going from policy into practice and that community building exercise well open source really is a priority for for public administrators the problem is the how it's not so much the what the what's the easy part of this we know what open source does we know how it functions but how we make it work how we grow the communities how we collaborate and how we achieve sustainability those are the tough questions to answer and and I wish the research could provide us with the answers but it's up to us now we have to figure this conundrum out and as much as we are of like minds and this is wonderful to have everybody in the room I think we have to ask ourselves who should be in the room who's not in the room that's our that's our challenge it's getting the right people in the room to solve for that how how we build the community and part of that answer is letting ospos do their thing ospos the open source program offices established for whether they're called an ospo or not at the point is about having best practices as as facilitators of effective open source software operations and activity and facilitating contributions and really leveling up the strategy of open source within an organization so ospos are incredibly important to help us solve this conundrum it's the place where you figure out how to give back and that's the hardest thing is is the contributing and the giving back is present not just of the europe research not just the public policy research that we do but across all the research the constant theme of the usage versus contribution gap this is this exists and it it's largely due to lack of clarity around policy this due to lack of leadership it's all something it's something that we as a community need to work on we need to increase development and discovery of tooling and resources this is something that i'm working on at linux foundation about how do we pool all of our various resources together we have a lot of projects at the lf from the chaos project to open chain to the to-do group we've got training certification but they're they're scattered we actually need to bring them together for discovery how do you discover all the resources about management but best practices and by the way that includes research reports i've done a bunch of research my research lives in the research portal to do group has some lfa and data has some but we need to we need we need to do a better job so that guidance and manuals can be discoverable but it goes beyond the linux foundation goes it's for the whole community um we also need to improve the interpretation of legislation avoid litigation and and tooling and manuals help with that so let's get the word out there about best practices um and in the word of of chris delvair of cto um from uh estonia it's not good enough just to build and publish open source and then hope that reusability and engagement from users will come it's rare when that happens and we typically do not form projects under the lf without that community of collaboration well established uh it's it's not for the sake of it it needs so much more than that so let's learn from our current examples um and the shining star in this research is municipalities and why is that municipalities are just free to innovate in a way that countries are not their bylaws their governance structures make innovation so much easier we see it time and time again the example uh reference in this report is the os2 network 80 percent of denmark's municipalities are collaborating uh in 24 open source software solutions in france we see shining examples of um smart cities dijean being one that i'm most familiar with connected cities using data and connecting different public services iot devices saying hey this rubbish bin the garbage is full somebody needs to come and change that or oh there's a traffic accident at this intersection we need to reroute the traffic and have better traffic flows that's all digital municipalities are incredibly innovative in ways that the public sector um and higher levels of government are not so what can what can uh what can federal and higher order governments learn from municipal governments um and again open source software is not the aim uh it's the means of ensuring public sector control of software solutions so says uh rasmas fray from our uh danish municipalities example and so the recommendations from this report we want to accelerate the shift from user to leader creating ospos creating upstream contribution policies more funding um and also we heard earlier about daniel uh uh goldshider talking about government advisory councils and bridging those conversations making sure that we have the right people in the room and there's a way to do it uh and be compliant um and we want to leverage the best way uh to make those connections so ospo creation is great but we also want to double down on empowering the ospo to make open source software a strategic consideration for the organization and again build those relationships invest in your people invest in the ospo as a structure invest in best practices and empower your leaders we do in this process also want to avoid uh regional fragmentation um and and not have europe become its own kind of digital silo but create in europe and be able to scale those solutions that benefit the rest of the world um creating by europe for europe is is wonderful but let's keep the global context of open source in mind because they still think we're better together as a global uh community and of course funding um funding that money conversation it's a tough one to have but it it it really matters um our public sector needs to take the proper steps to funding open source digital infrastructure follow the steps of germany's sovereign tech fund um and shift to long-term funding plans we want to build those bridges for for expertise exchange um and again that's where our work begins today we we know what we need to do now it's a matter of going about it's the how that's the hard part how we build these bridges that's the that's the real challenges when we leave bill bow how we go and do what we know needs to happen and with that um i will turn my attention to the second report that comes out tomorrow uh europe spotlight 2023 report again this qr code doesn't go live until tomorrow um but if you scan uh if you're there at the keynotes you'll have a a a repeat of this slide so what were the objectives looking at the trends the activity usage uh and contribution what were the opportunities the challenges the benefits um the strengths and the weaknesses and so on many many objectives uh to explore in this report what was our methodology well once again we partnered with the same group who authored the report last year scott logic a uk based technology consultancy we launched a survey which we fielded for three months uh between april and june we had 307 completes uh this was part of a global study so the so each region had more or less the same number of uh complete responses so that we could make uh regional comparisons um between asia pacific europe and the americas uh with a fairly decent margin of error ranging between 85 percent 95 percent confidence as well we conducted interviews with uh 15 subject matter experts from across different industries and a range of countries represented and so what were the findings year over year i would say it's a good story um the perceived value of open source software is increasing it's up to 57 percent this year where it was at 47 percent last year that's a great start um except in the public sector uh where half of the respondents felt that open sources values stayed the same uh other um it was compared to 25 percent of respondents from other industries where open sources value increased there's a heightened interest in generative AI i think that keeps um that that's consistent with with the news and broad societal challenges that came through very loudly and very clearly in this year's survey data um the consumption or usage and contribution gap persists nothing's changed sorry our work continues at linux foundation to help bridge the the uh usage contribution gap um and the um good news nothing's really in steep decline so onward onward so let's explore the the gap between open source the value gap so over the last year how how was the business value your organization derived from open source software use how has that changed uh and this is where we get that 57 percent figure it's increased either a little or a lot and that's a very very healthy indicator that organizations are seeing value in the use of open source software um and a significant number these are these bars are green and that's a healthy sign um the benefits exceed the costs and the benefits greatly exceed the costs and 40 percent of the time so there's a lot of of positive sentiment around open source usage essentially why is this organizations are looking to reduce their vendor spend lower their total cost of ownership a faster time to market all the things that we know to be true but the value of open source were present and came through both survey data and the interview process uh it's a critical tool for innovation and the importance of collaborating on open standards uh came through uh and this the importance of standards comes through other research as well um what's how do we measure the economic value of research that was a report published earlier this year and and driving innovation driving standards were we're leading um results of of the value statement um this opportunity to learn from one another remember not all the smartest people work for your organization um many brains this came through we were delighted to have attribution from the financial services sector in this research this is hard to get I have to say getting people to be quoted from the financial services industry it's highly highly regulated industry nobody wants to go on the record our the first year we did financial services research everybody contributed insights anonymously the second year we did research we got a little bit of attribution this year we're doing the report we're getting more people go on the record with their name their title and their organization this is a healthy signal and again open source is is highly useful and free need not mean non-commercial so in the words of aws a key way they support open sources to provide the services running around those projects um there's opportunity it abounds and so let's explore now the value gap between use and contribution this is a persisting um issue uh we asked our survey respondents over the last year has the overall benefit your organization derives from open source software contributions changed and those contributions have only increased a little only increased a lot this 44 percent it it's good it could be better it could be better contribution is is a conundrum it remains a conundrum uh and the financial services research i'm doing right now it's frustrating for those who understand the benefits of contribution but internal policies prohibit contributions from being made and the case is that look why why if we know that there's vulnerability in our our team members want to try to fix it why won't you just let us could be resolved that much sooner instead you're you're relegating the problem solving to other people to other organizations it's a real problem but again it comes down to having those conversations with decision makers and I hope research is a part of closing the use and contribution gap uh dawn foster chaos uh makes the case that um you know you don't really understand open sources benefit until you understand the benefit of upstream contribution to to reduce risk almost more than anything else but um also to uh allow your team members to do something that they find incredibly fulfilling a lot of people contribute to open source because it's a fun and stimulating thing to do they enjoy doing it so rethink those internal policies that prohibit it there is a paradoxical relationship between open source and security um we know the benefits from a security point of view what makes open source software known to be more secure the transparency the the confidence in the technology that that transparency enables um that opportunity for inspection those things these are these are very very well known uh however um it's not enough to encourage contribution back to open source to help enrich the security even more so where the belief is strong that open source software is more secure than closed source among the benefits that open source software drives security is ranked quite low how often an organization um it in how often does using open source software deliver um uh benefits um the benefits really come down to cost and improve productivity and vendor lock-in and in terms of practices uh good practices are less prevalent than they're touted when we asked respondents what actions they take at the organization before using a new open source software component uh on balance most said 54 percent their number one uh screening criteria if you will was we check the activity of the project community in terms of contributors or commits that's not a security best practice that's interesting that somebody's touched the code base but that is not um a thorough review make um where manual review was taking place that was in 26 percent of the occasions so again this is a an important lesson on uh in code inspection is a basic best practice before um adoption of a of a of given technology uh developers are looking to see if a component is actively maintained that just means checking if there's been a commit in the last month so it didn't come through just the survey data came through the qualitative interviews as well so let's unify our voices and get the word out that there are tools available there are better practices than this this is sustainability challenge uh in which areas did our respondents think there should be further investment open source uh across the european region uh top responses um by a margin we're in terms of government adoption of open source and uh using open source as an alternative to tech monopolies so these are the two resonating themes here uh how should the sustainability be improved it's not all together different from the public sector in terms of uh um resourcing and ospo formation but the top two answers from our survey respondents were giving employees more time to work out uh open source software challenges and having um responsibility to and permission to give back now very briefly how does europe compare to rest of world we're going to publish the global results uh in about a month's time but this is a preview of where europe ranks compared to other regions uh europe in fact leads in the use of open source software it is ahead in the encouragement of that use as well it is equal to the americas in terms of contributions and ahead of the asia pacific region however it lags globally in terms of the prevalence of open source program offices and in and overall open source strategy i'll invite you all to join a panel discussion on wednesday uh with uh our author callan eberhardt uh mirko our moderator and sachiko muto of open forum europe and rise research institutes of sweden who is one of our interviewees and can share her her point of view as as somebody interviewed with a very close view into what's taking place the european open source ecosystem on thursday i'll shift gears to another report on open source for sustainability uh this qr code is live so please get out your phones and scan away uh this report um came together oh it's a definitely a labor of love uh from my point of view because it it helps us describe the impact of open source software uh projects uh using a a a readily known frame uh framework and that's the united nations sustainable development goals here's what's interesting in 2017 the un global compact identified that open source software was instrumental in helping achieve the un sdgs were which are a set of 17 time bound goals that address uh economic development and and the myriad issues associated with it um it was it was recognized as being extremely valuable and this report helps us restate the value of open source software in that context essentially the case is made that open source represents digital public goods and it it exists to help us solve pressing global challenges uh and we are not on track to make the 2030 sdgs we're behind half the sustainable development goal targets are weaker and sufficient they've been installed uh we know that digital is the only mechanism to help us achieve many of these goals and we need to to ignite and supercharge this effort to deploy um digital and open source software as a means to to help us make the the targets countries by the way who are making headway in sustainability um uh have been outpacing their peers in progress related to the sdgs so the lf is uniquely positioned to help accelerate uh impact um we host more than 900 projects all of our technical projects um enable uh uh the acceleration of the goals by way of infrastructure um it obviously lowers the barrier to entry the fact that we do not have to duplicate our efforts we don't need another contain a cloud orchestration system we have one it works ubiquitously there's the linux kernel there's so many examples where um we by way of our projects we're simply able to drive innovation and these are critical elements for meeting the un sdgs as many of you know we have projects at the linux foundation like ag stack and lf energy and green software foundation and a host of communities that were born with sustainability in mind they were born with targets that related to people and the planet but what we found is as as we heard from uh uh mr mustafa this morning talking about zephyr there are a host of other projects that never were born with sustainability in mind and yet their application for planetary good is profound um and we wanted to understand what was the scope of of our community's impact where sdgs was concerned and the framework for understanding that scope was the 17 sustainable development goals well known globally recognized embraced by many of the linux foundation member organizations they capture the gamut of challenges and we wanted to know how our projects were accelerating them and as i mentioned all of our projects accelerate at the sdgs in particular goal nine industry innovation and infrastructure the fact that we create this layer of software once and don't have to duplicate efforts is significant um and it's exciting and it's inspiring other um goals that that we support quality education through both open content all of the materials that we um have today are our events events videos webinars um research reports their free training certifications all the open content helps advance education we also underpin um software that sustains the internet we enable access to remote communities to to get online and have opportunities for remote work and industries that are increasingly software defined quality education is is a significant one same thing with life on land we heard about zephyr's open collar project not only to catch um to protect white rhinos in uh zimbabwe but used in caribou monitoring caribou in lap land so we want folks to get involved we want to inspire people to um participate in our projects to learn and collaborate and ultimately advocate we need to get that message out that we have the resources that our projects are the digital public goods that are going to have an impact um so let's share that knowledge there is a hackathon in san francisco in partnership with ted everyone knows ted talks they're working with lfa i and data on a hackathon an ai hackathon for good that's not too late to register so if you're interested um check them out and finally i'm going to present early findings of an event a research focused event that took place in geniva switzerland uh at the end of july it's called open source congress and these are the origins of course like all good things it begins with research and in january of this year we published a report called enabling global collaboration exploring how open source communities could confront the challenges of fragmentation how could we level up as an open source ecosystem the collaboration between and across foundations how could we better respond to the issues and the report identified that we had gaps in open source uh that needed to be closed could we better collaborate on cyber security could we better collaborate on ip issues on dei on antitrust um address uh technonationalism as a community um and secure and safeguard our critical infrastructure and do so together even though we are competitive foundations how do we improve collaboration um and in that effort um we hosted a chatham house uh meeting with precedent for other research reports to be conducted in such a fashion uh twice over in my tenure at linux foundation we've hosted a chatham house uh roundtables these provide opportunities for people to speak freely and off the record and exchange ideas with one another and who attended well we had 65 attendees in person from a cross section of organizations listed here discussing security um policy and regulation ai and diversity equity inclusion issues and challenges on balance the the event was well received uh there was a lot of positive feedback that the content was valuable that um bridges were built uh but there's still more work to be done