 Okay, good morning all of you. So today we will take this topic of reading and what I will do quickly is to review certain lectures that we have given very quickly and then we will quickly take up some assignment and tutorial activities okay. So we discussed about three parts reading as a way to read the technical papers scientific literature. So the idea of three parts is not all the papers that you might come across are important and you need to prioritize the papers that you want to read and to what extent you want to read. So with that we saw that there are three passes there is first pass it is mainly an observation pass about 10 to 15 minutes. The second pass when you think that the paper might be relevant to your work then you go and spend a little more called as a judgment phase the second pass you judge whether it is good or bad. So if it is it may be relevant the topic might be relevant looking at the title and abstract but it may not be good it may not be serious kind of work. So that is second pass and the third pass is really something which you definitely require for your work and you need to spend a lot more time on it which is the third pass and understanding phase. So in the first pass what we generally do is to just read the title abstract and introduction just a very minimal of that browse through section heading skip remaining and then directly read the conclusion. So just by doing this you can get an overall idea and then what was suggested is we make a first pass note and the notes in first pass essentially contains bibliographic details type of article nature doi number and so on. So what we did was we use this we use this and gave you an assignment where you had to pick up papers from different disciplines and then go through it and take down a first pass note. So what I will do now I have reset all the hand raised here and I am going to ask you a few questions and discuss with you what is the importance of these details here. So I am going to ask you questions and I would like a few of you to answer. First question is in bibliographic details when you read a paper what are the details that you would like to note down. In bibliographic details what do we mean by bibliographic details and what details you need to write down. So I am going to reset again and once you are ready you can raise your hands. So we have KLE institute hello KLE institute good morning. Good morning. Sir bibliographic details means publication, publication details author detail month year. Yes tool specifically do not tell tell what are the specific items will you write down. Author name. Yes author. Title of the paper. First author name. How many author name. Type of paper. All the author name. Suppose there are 50 authors. Suppose there are 50 authors. No sir some author name. First author name. First author. First few author name. Okay. Why do you think first few author name is important. Contribution will be there in descending order sir. So what is your name madam. Jailakshmi ma. Okay. Jailakshmi suppose I read some Jailakshmi in a paper how would I know anything about Jailakshmi. Why should I write Jailakshmi's name if it is the first name in the paper. Depending on how much contribution they have done for writing the paper or in the publication depending on that the author name. But how do you know when you read a paper how do you know how much what is Jailakshmi's contribution to that paper. I mean not you. If somebody else reads your paper and how will they be able to judge whether Jailakshmi has contributed more. Okay. Go ahead. First author will be the main author of the article. Okay. So that is your argument. Okay. Then. Okay. What else will you write down. Yes. Title of the paper. Okay. Title of the paper. Page number. Yes. Publication details. Yes. Type of paper. Volume number. D.Y. U.R.L. So on. Okay. Now I am going to ask. So Mrs. Jailakshmi has pointed out several items. What I would like all of you to do and just closing this interaction now. What I would like all of you to do is write down in a piece of paper. Okay. I am going to reset the questions again. So what I would like you to do is to write down in a piece of paper. What are the minimum details that you require from bibliographic information. Minimum. What is the minimum detail that is required to be noted down. So I am going to reset it now and I will give you about couple of minutes time. So Mrs. Jailakshmi has pointed out several things either from that list or what you think is the minimum information that is required from bibliographic information. So please write it down in a piece of paper. Okay. I hope you have got some minimum details. Now I do not want you to raise your hands now. I want you to discuss with your neighbor and see if you have missed anything that your neighbor has captured and if your neighbor has missed anything that is important. And you I want you to discuss among yourselves and find out why you should include and why you should not include. I want you to discuss is I can see you all discussing. So now I am going to reset hand raise and I would like you to come up and tell me what you think as the minimum information. This is Amruta school. Yes good morning. Tell us please. Good morning sir. Sir first of all I would like to note down the journal name, volume, page number, year of publication and the author. The author. What is the author? Which author? Author. Authors. Authors. All the authors. The author of the publication. Yes. So you think this is the minimum information? Why do you think this is the minimum information? Sir with this I will be able to make a note of from where I have collected this article. And. No my question is minimum information. Is this the minimum information that is required? Why do we write down the bibliographic details? What is the purpose of bibliographic details? So to get, to give credit to the person who has contributed to the publication. So you could just say, what is your name? Satyanarayan. Satyanarayan. So you could just say Satyanarayan from Amruta school, why do you want to give other details? Because it will be help me, it will help us to trace out from which year of publication and what is, which journal, what type of article is this? So all these details I can collect. Okay. So I will go to another college and let's hear from others as well. Dronacharya College. So for finding any article we require DOI number that is DOI link, Digital Object Identifier. Yes. Because this is the minimum requirement for finding any article online. Okay. So according to you the minimum information is DOI, very good. Let's hear from somebody else as well. Next is ME Society. Yes sir, according to me author name and title is very important while searching any paper along with keywords. No, no, my question is we are not looking at searching now. We have got a paper in front of us, we are reading the paper and we are noting down important things in which my question what, what was the minimum bibliographic information that you need to store. So I will go to the next institute which is LDRP Institute of Technology. Good morning sir. Good morning. I am J.R. Mehta. I am J.R. Mehta. Yes sir Mehta. According to me the minimum details for bibliographic information are main author title of the paper, journal name and year. Okay, fair enough. Let me just go to the next college. Bharati Vidya Peet. From reading point of view what you have suggested was the first you need to know the type of article and nature of work with digital object identifier that is DOI and the bibliographic information what you have, what you have taught us how to write it was first the title, the author, the journal, the volume, the page number, year and DOI. You have got a lot of information. The question was what is the minimum information that is required. Why am I asking for the minimum information? So let us here. It just works. Yeah. And DOI. Yeah, you have given all the information but my question is what is minimum. Let us hear from one more institute and we will see if otherwise I will discuss again. This is Somaya college. I feel only title. Only the title that is minimum information. Okay. All right. So what I was expecting was little different. Why do we need a bibliographic information? A bibliographic information is basically for retrieval of that article. Okay. I need to be able to get to that article sometime in the future or somebody else that I am passing that information to needs to be able to retrieve that article. So if the only information that is required is what is required to retrieve the article, the only information that is required is the journal name, the volume and page number. That is all that is required. The minimum information is journal name, volume and page number. Title is extra. Author name extra. Okay. Similarly, doi number is also a unique number and it is minimal. If you have doi number, you do not need anything else but doi number is mainly for computers. It is not for humans and the problem with doi number is unless you do an electronic cut and paste, if you are going to look at an article and write it down on a piece of paper or write it down on a word document or some other spreadsheet, you are going to make a mistake. You are likely to make a mistake. So doi number is unique, minimal. One of you said that it is the minimum information that is required but it is little risky in a sense that you could make a mistake of writing down a few digits. So if you get one digit wrong, it is gone. You will never be able to retrieve that particular article. On the other hand, if you just write journal name, volume and page number, you can definitely hit that article either hard copy or the electronic version. So that is the minimum information that is required because these three are the, for nearly 90% of the journals, it is unique. So if you give a volume number and a page, it is always unique. There would not be more than one article in that journal with the same volume number and page. So that is the minimum information that is required. So whenever you write down bibliographic details, keep in mind that these three things are definitely written down. Apart from that, you could write down other information which will help you later to take a judgment, whether it is good or bad. All those things come later. Of course the title, the name of the authors are all important but that is for a second level of information. You should be able to distinguish why you are taking a particular information and why you are not taking a particular information. Now let us come to a list of authors. List of authors can be 1, 2 to about 10 easily 5, 6 authors. What is the point in writing down all the author's name? Even if you say you write the first author's name, what information, I am going to reset this question and I am going to ask you what information you gain by writing down the author's name. So Siliguri is there. So Siliguri, tell us what do you think, what information that you gain by writing the author's name? Sir, by writing the author's name we are able to get the information about the particular article who has written and from the different authors we can get referencing of other articles also those authors have written. All right. According to me. Okay, thank you. Let us hear from somebody else. This is the next one is Susheela Dev Bansal College. My question was, what is the importance of writing down the author's names and what information does that give you? Sir, if we write the author's name it will give us the related papers on that topic by the same author. Okay. And? Yes. No, topic and the research area, the related research, the other topics, the other papers written on the same topic will be able to know that will help us. Okay. So let us go to Francis Institute of Technology. What does I have to say? Francis Institute? Good afternoon sir. Good afternoon. Sir, author's name, specifically it means, I believe we would come to know if a certain expert has written the paper, definitely that information will be much reliable. We also through the author names would come to know how much more we could learn about that topic through his other papers for that matter and more detailed analysis into that topic can be done if the author is known, the researcher is known. Okay. Next is Sarvajanik College of Engineering. Hello. Yeah. We can hear you. Yes. Yeah. I am Panza Chambul. And according to me if we write down the name of the author then we can come to know other articles of that author and the area in which the author is working. Okay. So I think by and large people have pointed out a few points. One is that the writing down the author will give us information about the other papers published and the area of work. Okay. So usually such kind of information you will not get by looking at the first author. Okay. If you just write down the first author, mostly you will not get these information. Why do you think so? Let me ask Arviyas College of Engineering, the kind of information that people have said that you will get from the author name, the area of work and other papers published you will usually not get. If you write down the name of just the first author, why is that so? Actually by referring the name we can acknowledge the author and for a subject expert we can refer the name and to avoid plagiarism sir. No. I think you did not get my question. Let me just repeat it. My question was some of your colleagues have said that the author name is important so that you can get papers published by that author in other areas or similar areas. Now my claim is that if you just write the first author it is not sufficient when it may not give you the correct information of papers published by that author in other area. Why so? By referring the bibliography of that author we can find different papers of the same area sir. No. I think you did not get my question. Let me just pass on to another college, KIT College of Engineering. When we are trying to search for a particular paper in a particular area, maybe the first author might not be always in present along with the third author or so and the third author might be working with somebody else also on the same page. So what do you do in that case? So that is why we need the names of all the authors not only the first author. Okay. I think I will skip that. Anyway so let me just stop this interaction and I will discuss the point I am trying to make. Now most often we will see later in the afternoon session regarding authorship. Most often if you look at a paper the first few authors are usually students for graduate students, PhD students or postdocs. Now that is everywhere throughout the world. Now they may not or may work in the same area. They might just move from place to place from university to university, labs to labs and so on. So they may not actually work in the same area. So if you just write the first few authors name that will not give you any information which you can use. Of course it is a referential information to say that these both did the main work in that. That is required when you write a paper. But remember now you are in a stage where you have a lot of literature to gather and you are looking at those literature and you have to decide among those hundred papers which ten do I read first. So to do that if you just write the first author it is not going to be helpful. Based on the first author search you may not even find another paper that might be the first paper of that author. And after say that may be that author published this ten years back and after that if you search in that area that person might be working in totally different area. So what is important is to write who the communicating author is. The communicating author is usually the so called reasonably permanent author who is been working in that area for a reasonable 5, 10 years, 20 years and so on. So the communicating author is very important. At least in the kind of the first past knows when you are doing when you are writing a full thesis you need to know the first two authors and so on all the authors. But as a note taking as a note taking you need to only write who the corresponding author is. The corresponding author if you look up for the corresponding author's publications you will get all the other relevant papers. That is what some of you have pointed out and that is correct. And by also looking at a corresponding author and where they are from you are also going to make a judgmental call when you go to the second phase, second past. Remember the first past is observing, second past is judgmental. Second past, first past you are just writing down whatever is there. You are not saying it is good or bad and so on. You are just taking down it is like doing an experiment. Something is happening you are writing down at the observations and putting it in a journal that is observing. Now after that comes judgment when you want to do a judgment you want to know whether you can rely on this particular paper. Whether you can rely on this particular group. Whether this group has got a good track record in publishing in this area. All this will be helpful in your second past. So therefore in your first past it is important that you write down who the communicating author is. Even if there are few authors and you want to write all the authors but definitely you have to write who the communicating author is. So although you might write all the authors at least write down the communicating author if you do not think you need to write all the authors and that will be helpful in your second past. And apart from that of course there are information such as you need to take a look at whether it is a letter. Here is a short communication so original article is that something new has been contributed or it is a review article. Now other than that these are all the information that you can you have already done. We will come to this question and answer section a little later. Now what I will go is the second pass. So the first pass was taking down information without passing any judgment that it was good or bad. The second pass it is important that you write down or you make a judgmental call whether this group is reliable, whether this work is reliable and so on. So what is given here is only some queues which will help you decide. You can just look at the plots graphs whether the graphs are having error bars. So if somebody is making a conclusion based on a graph and which does not have an error bar then you cannot trust that conclusion. So error bars are important and you already studied and tomorrow again you will have this session on data presentation where you will again read about error bars but error bars are important and whether the access are neatly labeled, the legend is there and so on. So why is all this important? Why is it important let me ask some of you I am going to reset. I am going to ask you why is it important to see such kind of things whether the graphs are okay, whether they are neatly drawn, whether the tables are reasonably presented and so on. Why are we trying to make a judgmental call? Can we have some hand raises? Anybody is ready to answer? Yes, Basilius over to you. In a graph mainly we can plot the two axes that means we can have the deviations that is possible. No. If you are looking at the graph we can easily get the information accurate. No, no, no. The numerical values such as. No, can I, I am just going to repeat. I am not asking you what is the purpose of graphs. I am asking you why is it important to see if the graphs are presented neatly? Why is it important to see that the graphs are presented with error bars okay, axes are properly labeled? Why is it important to see it qualitatively whether it is neatly done or is this like giving in school they give you know neatness, 10 marks, handwriting 5 marks and so on. Why are we doing that kind of thing with a paper? Okay, let me go to another college, Raja Ram Bapu instead of technology is sangly is it? Sir, visualization is better than the word processing. If graphs are visualized properly then we will remember it very faster than the word processing. No, I think my question is not clear to many of you. My question is not what is the purpose of graphs okay. My question is why look at how graphs are presented neatly? Will you give 10 marks for neat presentation? You normally do not do that no, why do you want to, why am I saying you look at the graphs whether they are presented neatly or not? Sir, in the documented then the reader will be able to correlate the section that is the resultant analysis with the graph. If the graphs are not properly documented it will be difficult for reader to correlate the content that takes part. Okay, let me give another college, Siusha College of Engineering. Press the graphs are the better way to read within one's work. If the graphs are neatly presented then we can also rely on the research done by that person. Okay, fair enough. Let me go to Gharda Institute of Technology. Your question is why should we represent graphs charts in a paper correctly and the answer is if we do not represent graphs and charts correctly or if you make some mistakes in representing then there are the chances that we may misguide the readers. So, being the author it is our responsibility to pass the correct messages or correct or accurate data to the readers and that is the reason we should represent graphs and charts correctly. Yeah, my question was not really our role as an author now. My question was I have not yet started doing my research. I am just reading literature and when I am reading literature I am seeing a lot of I have hundreds of articles to read and in this hundred of articles I need to filter out and find out which are the important work that I have limited time. I can only read 10 papers say in two weeks or so I can only finish 10 papers. So, given my constraint what is the method to reduce this 100 to 10 as a reader not as an author. What you say as an author is correct but my question as a reader how do I reduce this 100 to 10? How do I sort out the good from the bad and one of the things I will stop this interaction and I will go back to my slides. Why is it important to know that figures have been correctly drawn? Why is it important to know that the axis have been correctly marked that there is error bars? Is the problem stated clearly? Problem should have come very nicely in the introduction and in the abstract and so on. The answer that they found out also should have come out clearly. The methodology that they have adopted has to be explained clearly. Why is just by looking at these things you can decide whether it is written nicely or not and these are simply judgmental. Remember the second pass is judgmental. Judgmental means you are deciding which is good which is bad. From 100 I want to reduce to 10. How do I do it? If the authors have not paid sufficient attention to details it is very likely that they are not doing a serious work and I do not want to read that paper first. That is the only reason. My objective now is to reduce from 100 papers to 10 papers. And in that I use these things as a clue. This is possibly, maybe I am wrong. In making judgments we are humans and we can make mistakes. But remember we are actually judging other humans. It is not that people who are publishing this 100 papers are all ideal and they all publish only very good work. No, they are also humans. Many of them are fake. How do I sort out the good from the bad? These are all certain things which help us decide who is done a serious work. Why is describing methodology important? Because we need to reproduce the work. And if they are not described it in detail I will know by reading, looking at it. I do not have to read the methodology and understand the methodology. Just by looking at the way they have paid attention to details I know the care that they have taken. I know that this person has spent a lot of time trying to convey the work in a nice manner. Then I will develop a trust. I develop a mutual trust with the author. But if that is not there then I may not even develop that trust and I might just put it in that 90 junk. And I will keep 10 which is easy for me to read and I will spend my time worthwhile. So that is why it is important to know what are the things that you need to look for. Of course as somebody in Garuda pointed out as an author we need to do all these things. Why? Because somebody else is going to judge us. Somebody else is going to judge our paper. And unless we are going to pay attention to these details our paper is likely to be junked in this 90. Nobody is going to read. Similarly if you go to a conference and if you do not present these things in a sufficient if you do not show that you have taken care that you have taken care must be apparent. It should come out directly. And then people will listen to you. Similarly when you listen to others you look for these clues whether they have taken adequate attention to present the results to you. So these are all certain points that you could use as a cue to decide whether you will read a paper in detail or not. Whether you want to go to the third pass. Now in the second pass essentially you are developing a confidence in the author by looking at all these qualitative things you are developing a confidence in the author. And then you write down these points and then if you think it has to be read in detail then you put it in that 10 that you need to read in detail and in the detail third pass you can read it. So now what we will do this is on broad steps of gathering literature one aspect that is I have a lot of literature I have come to one paper and I am just taking down these notes.