 Good afternoon. Please sit down. Mr. Anirudh, this is your first attempt at the civil services? Sir, this is my fourth attempt. Your fourth attempt? And for interview? First interview. Okay, very good. What is the composition of India's power production? Sir, in power production we produce thermal power which is 60% the major component. Apart from that we have renewable energy in which around 60 gigawatt of solar energy and 38 gigawatt of wind energy is there. Let me put it this way. Our thermal is only 53. Now, other parts, please tell me percentages if you know. You are telling me absolute numbers. Yes, sir. Tell me how much is hydro? What percentage? Sir, I think it is 12%. Correct, you are right. How much is renewable energy? Sir, renewable energy totally it is around 100 gigawatt which comes out to be around 30%. Correct. It is about 27%. How much is gas produced? Sir, gas is if I am not wrong around 6%. And nuclear? Sir, nuclear is 2%. Suppose you are asked how will you reduce transmission and the power losses which amount to about 24%. How will you like to reduce things? Sir, to reduce transmission losses we need to improve firstly the situation of the discom, improve their technology and also use of smart meters or other such things might help. And the power purchase agreements need to be reworked because they are not being obeyed by the, means the discom and the genco. Sir, these are some of the... No, I am talking of loss. I am not talking of that part of power which is used by discom and not paid for. That is different. There are huge areas towards them. But this 24% how to reduce it, meter will help to some extent. But what is the major cause of these losses? Sir, the major cause I am not exactly... Okay. What is the composition of power which is under construction? There are large amount of power which is under construction in both thermal as well as... Sir, what I know is that the under construction projects, the share of renewables, especially solar will be more as compared to the new thermal projects. How much? Exact figures I am not... It is quite substantial. Wind and solar is quite a bit 120 gigawatt is under construction. And hydro is 46.8. These proportions at least, why no more nuclear power? The main reason for less usage of nuclear power is that it is expensive to set up initially and there are concerns regarding waste disposal. That is why it is means resisted by the locals. And thirdly, the technological issues are also there. We are largely reliant on foreign technology like Japan or Russia for means some components of nuclear power project. All over the world, France for example, 60% of their power production is nuclear. So they also have disposal technology. Sir, after the Fukushima disaster even the Europeans are scaling back on nuclear power. But before that they had plenty. Yes sir. So because it is mainly a capital intensive nature of the nuclear power and also our uranium reserves we do not really have uranium. We need to import it sir. So these are some of the reasons that I know. Okay, but we can make out of plutonium which is produced in the natural uranium or enriched uranium fueled reactors. Sir, that is the second and third stage of the planned nuclear means program of India. But currently we are still in the first stage. So we have not reached up to that level where we can use thorium or plutonium sir. Thorium we have large reserves. They can be used in first nuclear breeder reactors. Yes. Tell me what is the second law of motion and where does it become invalid? Sir, the second law of Newton is force is directly proportional to acceleration. I thought it was other way. Acceleration is directly proportional to the force you apply. Yes sir, that means proportion works both ways. So sir it does not apply at quantum scale as well as at cosmic scale sir. What is quantum scale? Quantum scale means quantum physics where the size of the particles is subatomic. That is the quantum scale sir. Okay. And then there is the cosmic scale. Why does it not apply at the quantum scale? Sir, the main reason that I know is because the wave nature of the particles take over there means particle nature. So that is why there is uncertainty associated with it. Schrodinger's equations are there. Schrodinger equation does not speak about the uncertainty. It speaks, uncertainty is Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Yes sir. So, but why nuclear, what about special theory of relativity that has nothing to do with it? Non-application of Newton's law of motion? Sir, I am not able to currently recall sir and connect. And cosmic level what happens? The cosmic level means at the level of universe when we look at that. Then there is dark energy and dark matter which can not exactly be explained from Newton's laws. But Kepler's law of motion are derived from Newton's law only and they are applicable? Yes sir. Kepler's law are applicable but they are applicable to the known part of the universe and the known part of the universe is only 5 percent of the total universe. And about unknown part it is not applicable? No sir, unknown part the dark energy and dark matter what laws actually work there are difficult to determine. Difficult or impossible? Sir, the scientists are trying currently they are the best. And general theory of relativity is different from special in what respect? Sir, I know that both are different and current the general theory of relativity as far as I can recall is it talks about the time and space continuum and the special theory of What happens? It talks about it but what does it talk? Sir it basically says that time and space around the universe is like a rubber sheet. So every means basically it says that both are connected sir and you cannot change one without changing the other. That is the basic idea behind general theory of relativity. Thank you. Yes. There are major transformations going on when you look at the international scene right? You are studying international relations. So tell me some of the major transformations which are unfolding now across the world. Ma'am the first major transformation that comes to my mind is the shift in economic center of gravity from Atlantic Ocean to Indo-Pacific Ocean. And second is the rise of China and the emergence of the so-called New Cold War. And the third is the Ukraine crisis and how it has means pushed Russia and China together as well as the West and strengthened the NATO man. And one more trend that I observe is the increasing reliance of the West on India to counter China. These are some of the trends. What else? What about Africa? It used to be called the lost continent no? Yes ma'am. Now it is the continent of hope man. Why? The main reason is that it has a young demography and it is attracting investments from all across the world. A wealth of natural resources which can be used to process like rare earths or other uranium which are necessary for the future. Ma'am it has the resources of the future, a young demography and rising investments. What about the empire ambitions of some countries? Ma'am the main countries are China and India. These are the two major players. What about empire ambitions? Those who want to expand the empire and rule. In Africa man? No, in the world. Where? Ma'am I am unable to understand the question. It means like Russia what it is doing, Turkey what it is aspiring, Iran. What about Middle East churning that is going on there also? Various alliances cross. Ma'am the main reason behind the churning in West Asia is the strategic retreat of USMM. Because of that the partners means the main actors in West Asia are growing in proximity to each other like we recently saw the Iran and Saudi Arabia pact. And the second is the rise of China and China's strength projection into West Asia. So there has been the formation of the West Asian Quad. So UAE and Israel and USA and India. So these are some of the trends. What is the Bharat Ratna? Bharat Ratna is the highest civilian award that is coming. Have women got this award? Ma'am there must have been women but... Must and should have been? No tell me some you cannot think of some women who must have got it. Ma'am Lata Mangesh Karchi was there and apart from that I hope Indira Gandhi ji... Your hope is right. And some others I am unable to recall right. Were foreigners given Bharat Ratna are they given? Ma'am I think Mother Teresa has been awarded. She was considered Indian but named some other foreigners who have got the Bharat Ratna. Ma'am I think it should be Nensan Madela. Yes one more. Ma'am... Recently there was there was an agitation about by tribal groups. And they put the government on notice that if you don't do this by 2024 elections you know we will increase our protest. What was this Sarna religious code that they were asking for? Ma'am they are asking for a different religion ma'am. A certain recognition of a different religion. What religion is that? Ma'am that Sarna itself is the religion ma'am so... What kind of religion I mean? Ma'am the religion of the tribal people ma'am. And it is basically an attempt to resist the convergence that are taking place ma'am. This is my limited knowledge. And how did it have some connection with the Parasna hill controversy? Ma'am the hills are considered sacred by the tribals as well as the jans. And the government had recently opened it to eco-tourism and other kinds of tourism. So there was protest to keep the hill sacred. And that means not allow unrestrained tourism into the hill. So you are a follower, a fan of eco-tourism. So tell me what you did in eco-tourism? Ma'am in eco-tourism I have done many activities such as snorkelling or scuba diving or trekking or paragliding. These are some of the activities I have undertaken. And various places which are famous for eco-tourism such as the mountains in the Himalayas, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Andman, Nikobar, Gohar. What are the advantages and disadvantages of eco-tourism? Ma'am the main advantages of eco-tourism are that it provides a sustainable livelihood to the locals and it incentivizes conservation of nature because the nature itself yields revenues for the locals. And the main disadvantages ma'am are the unrestrained and careless attitude of the tourists which leads to the dumping of plastics or destruction of the local ecological. Now you are from UP. Yes ma'am. Nepal is on your border. Yes ma'am. What was the recent happenings, developments in the elections there? Ma'am in Nepal. Yes. Ma'am in Nepal there are three major parties currently and Pushkamal Dahal Prachandaji is the CM. His party is actually the third largest party and he has taken the support of means Nepali Congress I think of K. P. Sharmauli and there is another party which is UML I think of Sher Bahadur Daivua. But what was the election that they had recently? Ma'am that was the confidence motion means. No they elected somebody as president. Ma'am Paudal was, yes ma'am. Yes ma'am. He is the third president. Why third president? Ma'am because the constitution is new ma'am. 2008 they became a republic so he is the third president. How will this impact on relations with India? These present changes. Ma'am the current government in Nepal is leftist in its inclination ma'am. So China also prefers that the government in Nepal should be leftist because there is ideological symphony between China and Nepal ma'am. So that is why means the experts believe that the Nepal might gravitate more towards China ma'am in the current under the current dispensation rule. Even after the election of this president. Ma'am I am not exactly aware. Thank you. Mr Anirudh. Yes. You had mentioned that the US is looking towards India to counter China. Yes. In this context recently two senators had introduced a resolution in the US senate relating to our borders with China. Are you aware of that? Sorry sir I am not aware. Coming to Jammu and Kashmir. Yes. The Pakistan prime minister had made a statement saying that we should normalize relations with India. But then it was clarified that it is based on two premises one that the acts of 2019 have been drawn. Government takes back and implementation of the UN resolutions. Now what are these UN resolutions which Pakistan wants to be implemented? UN resolutions of 1948. Sir one resolution that I know is for a referendum in Kashmir. That is the last issue. That is the last step. Why can't India implement the UN resolution? What is the stumbling block? Sir in holding a referendum? In implementing all the resolutions. The resolution the holding a referendum is the last step of the resolution. There were first, second, third issues which had to be done first. Only that has been done. The main issue was that the entire means Kashmir should first be given to India as per the agreement which was signed between India and Maharaja Hari Singh sir. That has not been done. Well you are partly right. Basically the UN resolution said that first Pakistan shall withdraw all its forces and the Rajakars and everybody from the area which they occupied. That was the first step. The second step was India will place a small amount of forces in that area for law and order. And once that has been done then the third stage was referendum to ascertain the will of the people. So that issue is now over because Pakistan has taken over part of POK. The resolution has become in structures. That is the reason for that. Now in Jammu and Kashmir government has been talking of rehabilitation of the Kashmiri pundits. What was the reason which led to this mass exodus of the Kashmiri pundits from the valley? Sir it happened in 1990 and the main reason was the communalization with backing from Pakistan. The revival of the militancy and the targeted killings of the Kashmiri pundit community. By the terrorist groups which are operating in the valley? Yes sir. And can I have it with the Pakistan? Which are these terrorist groups which are operating even now in the valley? Sir there is the HM Hindustan Mujahideen. Hezbul Mujahideen. Hezbul Mujahideen yes sir. And sir then there is LAT Lashkarat Aiba and then? One more. JEM. JEM. What is the full form of JEM? Which of these groups was responsible for the attack in Bombay? Sir in Bombay it was JEM. Lashkarat was LAT. The JEM was responsible for the parliament attack. Now have you heard of AUKUS? A trilateral alliance. What is AUKUS? Sir AUKUS is basically a security pact between Australia, UK and USA. And it promises to supply nuclear fuelled submarines to Australia by 23rd. For deployment in which area? In Indo-Pacific. Why was France annoyed with this decision? Sir the main reason behind the annoyance of France was that there was an agreement between Australia and France for France to supply diesel electric submarines to? You are right. Now these same countries there is a grouping of the quad you are aware of. Yes sir. What is the significance of the Malabar naval exercise? Sir Malabar naval exercise basically enhances the interoperabilities of the navies of the four countries. Which four countries? The quad countries basically sir. And which are these quad countries? Sir USA, Japan, India and Australia. When is the next Malabar exercise to be held for the current year? Sir I am not exactly. It is going to be held off the coast of Australia. So we end your mock interview. All the best. All the best. Thank you.