 like your enthusiasm. All right, that concludes our short talks from participants, from you. And now I'd really like to move on because we need to close. It's getting late. And Nina, if it's 1.30 in the morning, you're really a trooper, I gotta say. So I'd like to say this is the first time we've done an online activity. Well, the first time the college has been online. ICB's toyed with it. We didn't do an activity last year, but at any rate, so I'd like to ask you a couple of questions. And because thinking about it, I really, the possibility is going to exist to have hybrid meetings from now until the end of time, as I imagine. But I really would not like to have activities where only some people get to come and others don't. So when we were thinking about this, it was really trying to find a time where people in Latin America and people on the Bar East and the Middle East and Europe could all get together at least for a couple of hours. So is this timing? And you don't have to answer me now. You can always send an email, but if we're gonna do this again, I'd like to know your thoughts on that. Is it, was this a good slot of time so everybody could attend? And especially for you, people like Nina in the Philippines or anybody else. So that's the first question just to consider about the timing, what have we organized to reach all the time zones? And the second was about the duration for an online activity because I don't think I wanna contribute to Zoom fatigue to anybody. It's actually a real disease, I guess it is. But anyway, any thoughts you have, welcome to hear them. And any thoughts about how going forward online, we can do this. By the way, before we do any of that, I really wanna thank because I think, I think Joe, you're still here and Randy, I don't think John made it back. And all the speakers in the first day, I'm Rana and John Freddie and Umberto, really wanna thank you because that, this has really been a really fun topic. And I think it's in a few short lectures, you really managed to really engage everybody. And I'm really happy that we got the numbers we did. So anyway, thank you very much to all the lectures that came. So anyway, now the floor is open. So if you really wanted to say anything and any advice towards the next year, how we do this, if, assuming that we can again do it completely online, but I don't know what the future holds. Henry, get your hand up. Yes, thank you. Well, actually, I think that this type of online activities will enable most people to attend that possible because of resources cannot travel. And in fact, for me, it was the case this time. And something that probably can be done, or can be done to improve this online is to enable rooms, where, for instance, we can talk specifically with some of the authors to have this kind of, like when you are in the real meetings, you just look for the author and just talk with him personally. So just to get better on this type of online activities events, probably enable these rooms virtually also. Yeah, that's a great suggestion. I've heard of those things. Like I say, this is the first one I've ever done myself. So I really did it basic and as simple as I possibly can. So I understood. But yeah, so the, what you're talking about is in a real conference or a real school, physical presence school, you can actually grab the lecture afterwards, go to a coffee and do all these things. The other thing were poster sessions because I think there's, if anybody has any experience on online poster sessions, because we've always had a very vibrant poster session. And I kind of missed that. So, okay, Jahan has kind of his hand up. Jahan. Jahan, I've been to a lot of them. Give it to yourself. Hi, gentlemen, everyone. So we're very thankful to you in all the team of ICTP and the world wide to have this activity possible. And I really appreciate the work you have done. You're very nice lectures, very informative lectures. And I've enjoyed the student session. Very good talks by the students. So thank you very much. And I want to congratulate you for organizing such a successful activity. Okay, well, thank you. Thanks, Jahan. Jahan's been around for a long time. How many years have you, I mean, we met in Pakistan, I think. No, actually last time I was there in the COVID outbreak. And then I had to go to the country. Yeah, I know, but I mean, the first time, I think- Oh, the first time. That was in 2015, I think. Yeah, I think we're both, we're in Islamabad at NCP. Yes, yes. Yeah, I remember that's a, anyway, so Jahan, it's for everybody else. Jahan was featured in Numberto's talk, for sure. Okay, I see Anna concertini's got her hand up. Anna. Yes. Joe, you know that I am strongly in favor of the Winter College Optist College in presence. Yes, I know. You know that, no, and this is more similar to a conference than to a college. I feel like this. In addition here, we lose completely the laboratory activity. And of course, as I am involved in the laboratory activity, this is lost. Of course, this is better than nothing. It's better to have online college than nothing. Do you think that next year, it would be possible to have the college in person? Yeah, well, okay. Well, thanks. So I'm keeping my fingers crossed. I really hope so. You mentioned laboratories. I really don't know how to do that. I think the problem could do something online, but it's beyond me. I'd have to be an expert at it. I think it's my personal opinion. It's better than nothing. I mean, it's better than better than nothing. It's actually, it was quite very, very useful. I thought it had that school feel to it. So it's just not exactly the same. But I think it had a lot of, there's a lot of merit there. So anyway, it lost some things. It lost the poster session that lost the hands on. And for everybody else here, we've introduced laboratories. And a lot of that is Anna Concertini and Humberto has been running our lab. So you saw that talk and you've probably been working on those as well. And others, Nicoletta and John Freddy's even, when he was here. So we've had a lot of laboratory and John. We've had a lot of laboratory activities. And I think we really miss those hands on activities coinciding with the lecture. So anyway, we're hoping for the best. I really don't know. ICDP has people coming from all over the world. And the problem is not every place in the world is over the COVID hump. And so travel is actually getting a little expensive. Fortunately, ICDP is not expensive. It's basically free. But anyway, you got to get here and that's been a real problem. And like I said at the beginning, I really do not want to have just a segregated college with some people able to be here and everybody else not. I just rather do it all online until I can maybe get back to normal. Okay, that's just the way I feel. Okay, John Freddy, you got a... I have another point, excuse me for a minute. Do you want to be the winner of the ICDP ICO award this year? Yeah, so I'm Rana, I don't know. I want to be the winner of the award now. So I told you so many times, yes, that we must push Natalia to announce it. Yeah, we have to push the committee to announce it. We do have a winner, but I can't announce it here until it's announced. No, no, no. It's already decided. Yeah, it's decided. It's decided in February. Yeah, but we can't do it until the committee chair makes it all official with ICO. I know where you can do that. But the problem is, that's another problem. It's a problem also for us with other awards. We've been piling them up because we like to honor people to come in person and meet their peers and give their talks and be able to talk, just have discussions about what they're doing and all the best practices and everything else. And it seems a little bit less than ceremonious to actually have them give a talk online, but anyway, we're trying to fix that. We just keep kicking the can down the road, thinking that next year we're gonna be in person next year. And I have been saying that for a couple of years now. So anyway, yeah, but we have, yeah, there are. We've got two now that have not, well, the other one is of course from Armenia. He's been announced, but all right. John Fetty. I'm very going to say hello to Anna, Embrana, Bert and Jehan. It's nice to see you again. It's a great pleasure for me. I agree completely with Anna. It's not the same. The environment of ICTP, the laboratories and everything is completely different. For me, for any student on the world, it's a very good experience to stay in ICTP. Yeah. I think you must try to do it in person next year, because it's not the same. I completely agree with Anna. It's only my message. Right. That's a good message. I don't know about it, but it's great. Thank you, Freddie, but honestly speaking, there was a time that we were a bit nervous about this online activity, and I'm very happy that it all went very smoothly and very nicely. Yeah. Yeah. It's excellent. Thank you. Because it lasts here, it was, yeah, there was nothing. Okay, so, yeah. Yes, of course. Yeah, excellent. Well, we didn't do it last year, yeah. We didn't do it last year at all. Actually, we were the very last activity in 2020. Yeah. ICTP and the worst of the world closed one week after. But I agree, and in fact, ICTP is a very special place. It's unique in all the world. There is no other organization where you have so many people from so many different countries coming all together at once. I like to say that at ICTP, just about everybody's in some place else, whereas instead of having a regional activity where you have a few people coming from some place else, mixing in with mostly locals. So that's a really, it's a unique part of ICTP that leads to the part of the science for diplomacy aspect. All the nice things that go with that. And it's really a shame it was designed to have people here in person. It was not designed for anything else. So you're missing that component. I think I'm actually quite amazed at how much knowledge gets how much the flow of knowledge, how easy that is over the internet. That's fine. It's just everything else, the understanding. How do you get that to flow over the internet? I think there's a big impedance mismatch. And that's part of the ICTP culture, having everybody together and also socializing together and also playing music and dancing. So all right, so Hugo, I think you are next. Yes, well, first of all, thank you very much for organizing this event and for having the presenters. You can see that they are world-class. All of them, Dr. Shaw, Dr. Babbitt and Dr. Howell. Great presentations. They were not just very informative for the time that they had. They really nailed down the nail into the coffin whenever it came to the useful and applications. And I think as the previous people said, ICTP really may not have been designed for this sort of use. And I think a good goal in ICTP is leaving no sort of segregation. But I think there is maybe some room since maybe some technologies such as LiDAR can be more commercially available. It would be very amazing if, for example, some of the organizers could meet and say, hey, let's have a virtual workshop. We'll give you a list of bill of materials of materials to build your own LiDAR just to get the hands-on experience. Since it really will generally cost under $1,000 and maybe even cheaper. Because I think it's a good idea to take it and show the great experience and the talent that the speakers have. Yeah, absolutely. That's a really good point. Back to John Freddie. We were indeed thinking about this. It's just that time was running out and it added a complexity. But the idea to have people doing projects also connected with the lectures, but doing them physically, obviously, where they were, not coming to ICTP. And in fact, that's something I think it's something probably now that we've got this first one out in our system, we can probably move to kind of a model when we're doing applied things. To do that, you really have to do it locally. So I think, yeah, that's the only way I can see that you can get back to the hands-on practical applications and still have it be online. The other option is also to have a regional conference or to move it around the world and make it a hybrid but to have a core one year in Latin America, one year in Asia, one year in Africa, et cetera. I mean, that's depending on how long this pandemic is going to go. That would also at least allow a few people to do this. I should say the American Physical Society, where I do some work, has already toyed with this idea of having local groups getting together to watch the big march and April meetings. They're quite expensive. So in developing countries, basically, you get it for free, but you can connect and have a satellite meeting and then get all the plenary talks, et cetera, and then make it interactive. And so anyway, there's a lot of different models being talked about, how to make it a little bit more inclusive and a little bit more interactive. I guess that's the main point. But yeah, the hands-on stuff is a great idea, as though. So Nicoletta, you had a question? A few thoughts. First of all, I am really grateful for invitation. And I'm grateful I am again with you, even online. But with Joe, I want to say hello to Anna. I miss you a lot. Yeah. In Rana, Humberto, we met last year with Humberto. I met several times in Inclusna, Pocca for conferences with Jehan, with Freddie. Yeah. I felt all the time, ICTP is like our home for several weeks. We were there spending our time. And we felt that the world is very small. It is allowed to say such things. And we were a family there. Doesn't measure the language, the religion, or other convictions. So it was like in heaven, nice, warm, and extremely civilized and higher scientific level. Yeah, this was what I felt all the time. I attended the ICTP Winter College. And on the side, it's a very good opportunity to have online meeting. Because as Anna said, if we have nothing, it's better to have online because we are meeting together and we have continuity. So it's very important to keep the tradition, the connections, and to go forward. This is extremely important. On the other side, we shouldn't have to let the achievement in the experiments, in the hands-on activities, which we did with hard efforts. So from this reason, yes, you should have to make huge efforts to receive support for continuing their on-site activity. OK. Yeah. This is your battle. Yeah. I really hope we're coming back to really in-person. I don't know. Maybe, Joe, you have an idea how we can incorporate the hands-on kind of remotely? I don't know. Maybe you haven't done it. Has anybody done this? I mean, I assume you can just about do anything. Komlam is first. Komlam has asked us to talk first. Oh, Komlam. OK, I see him. Yeah, Komlam. I didn't see. Sorry, I had my. OK, I would like to thank Joe, Umberto Imrana and Jehan for this opportunity to meet the optic teams again. Because when I left Trieste in 31st of 2019, I cannot imagine that COVID will stop everything. And two years ago, I'm not here. So I would like to thank everything, all the team, for this opportunity we give us to discuss about LIDA. And LIDA is something I wrote a lot before of LIDA. But this is new thing for me. So I would like to be in contact with the professor from USA University to see how I can build a small lab here using LIDA as atmospheric research. OK, thank you very much. All right, thanks, Komlam. Komlam was also featured in Umberto's talk. And Komlam, so you started a lab in Togo with some capital equipment money from Tuas. That was really good. So yeah, it's not easy. But you also have to get the time. Well, let me ask you a question, Komlam. So how much time do you have to spend teaching? And how much time do you actually have for doing research? And where are you? Yes, here, for example, is very difficult. We don't have enough time for research because here I should have, for example, eight hours per week. But now I am around 20 hours per week. So we don't have enough time for research. I can say I have less than a quota of my time for research. So it's very difficult. Yeah, that's what I keep hearing, which is a problem. OK, so anybody any other comments before we wrap? Let's see, Henry, did you have a comment? Or is your hand just up? Well, thank you for all your activity and all your support. One comment is about that we can ourselves perhaps promote our resources to attend going to ICTP perhaps by means of an agreement between institutions to do research projects together. For instance, I have on the way, probably to get an agreement with ICTP to install here this GPS receiver to monitor the ionosphere for traffic air. So I have a colleague that is now contacting me to allow him to install here in the university an instrument, for instance, until we open possibilities for research. But of course, this is not the field of office, but I mean here in the group, perhaps you can, I don't know if it's possible to make a talk about what are the regulations, the norms for to establish these agreements so we can propose in our countries projects because I guess in any country there are these financial resources. OK, I understand. Yeah, I think you just hit it. You really hit the nail on the head. It's just all finances. Well, it's not all finances, but so we do bring people up and we can move people. We can send people to Montana. We can send people anywhere in the world, practically, not for a long time because we don't have the resources, but we can certainly subsidize a visit of a couple of months. And we do have a program for that, also with American Physical Society. So all of North America is covered and all of Europe is covered. So you can do that, but it really requires a collaboration where you can spend a couple of months, at least a couple of months, maybe more. So but anyway, again, it just depends on the finances. And I think it's something that when you're talking about building up the scientific ecosystem in any country, what you call it might call capacity, but anyway, you do have to build up scientific expertise. And it's something that I think governments are pretty readily would fund these kind of short visits if it really made sense. So that's the point, if you really can get there and do something in a short amount of time. For theorists, it's a little easier. For experimentalists, you've got to get, you've still got to, there's a long steep learning curve to understand the lab you're in. But anyway, yeah, we have programs like that, but if you want to get involved, you're in Peru, right? You're back in Peru. Yeah. So yeah, if you want to get involved and we should talk, we can talk offline and see what we can do. OK, Joe, I think the next one is number two. OK, thank you. I would like to say that first, to thanks all the participants that also we encourage to participate, all the past Winter College participants, and they really, most of them participate in this Winter College. I want to say regarding this activity that Anna said, is more than nothing, but we prefer