 Liquid-liquid phase separation, LLPS, has been found to be a common occurrence in eukaryotic cells, and it is believed to play a crucial role in many cellular processes such as protein folding, signal transduction, and gene expression. Recently, there has been increasing interest in the study of LLPS due to its potential implications in human health and disease. Researchers have identified several mechanisms by which LLPS can occur, and have also developed techniques to visualize and quantify these structures. These advancements have allowed us to better understand how LLPS contributes to various physiological processes, as well as how it may be involved in the development of certain diseases. This article was authored by Bin Wang, Lei Zhong, Tong Dai, and others.