 In this video, we're going to have a look at how much we can learn from user experience, research, and practice, or user experience, or sometimes UX design. And let's have a look at a recent article from the Neilson-Norman group who do a lot of research on how people read on the web. And they have discovered something that is often talked about. It's called the F-shaped scanning pattern, which is how people scan the text, which is usually in sort of an F shape, which means at the top, they scan all the way through. And then as they go down, then just simply stuck. They just stick to a simple line. And the Neilson-Norman group says that is actually not a good way for them to read. So some people say, we need to format it to follow an F. But actually, the F-shaped scanning pattern is a bad thing for users and for businesses, for people who want people to understand the text. Because that means users can skip important content, content simply because it appears too far to the right of the page. And they offer some suggestions. And as we go through them, we're going to find their remarkably close matches for the five principles that we talked about. So they start with the information structure. Their important points should be made in the first two paragraphs. We should make headings and subheadings outline, again, which is, again, give the chunks. Start group small amounts of related context, again, content together, again, chunking. Bold important words and phrases using guides. Use bullets and numbers to call out items in a list of process. So that, again, goes to structure. And so as you can see, that is very good advice. And the other advice is good as well, but it's more specific to the web. Perhaps the last bit that I might disagree with, cut unnecessary content. Perhaps we need to make sure that it is there somewhere available for people. We don't want to dumb our text down, but definitely not put it always forward or make sure that it is in a place where people can easily access it. But there is a whole new other discipline called UX writing that has emerged. And this is from a website called UX Planet. And there are some very good examples of how you can make your language simpler. So here is one example how to modify error messages. So for example, instead of having some of this impersonal language, failure and authentication error has occurred, you can replace it with sign in error, which explains better what it is. It's more relevant word, even though it's unnecessarily simpler. And then it says you enter that incorrect password. So you're speaking to the person. Now, the other thing you can do is that you can simplify the you enter the incorrect password by removing a few words. And you lose the direction, but maybe you made it easier to read, so you can say wrong password. So that is a useful thing. But even that could be improved, because the problem is, at the bottom, you have OK. And that seems like it's simpler, so that that should be good. But actually, in this case, it was too simple. So you need to, because it doesn't tell people the option. So what does OK mean, wrong password? So here we have an option to try again, or recover password. So you can give the user real options that they actually mean something to them. So that is an example of how you can both simplify and make language a bit more difficult, but make it more actionable. Now, another UX writer that has contributed here is Moses Kim. And then he wrote this nice article called No Magic Words or How to Write for the Web. And one of the things that that article talks about is don't think in terms of the company realm. Don't think about writing to internal audiences, but think about from the user's perspective, from the people outside who are reading your text. So again, I highly recommend having a look like that, because that has some good examples. So these are some of the basic lessons we can learn from UX research. But I recommend that you spend some time reading more from that area, because there's definitely good advice and a lot of good experience on how to make your documents more readable and actionable. In the next video, we're going to have a look at how to get there.