 The Haberbosch process has been providing humans with nitrogen fertilizer for over a century, but it is dependent on fossil fuels and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. The transition to net zero emissions would require changes such as capturing carbon dioxide, electrifying the process, or using biomass instead of fossil fuels. These changes could help reduce emissions and ensure food security, that they come at a cost of increased land, energy, and water usage. This article was authored by Lorenzo Rosa and Paolo Gabrieli.