 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education. I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education at this Kanna Girls Study College, University of Allahabad. And today I am going to discuss a new heading under the main heading education that is primary education. And today I am going to discuss universalization of elementary education or you can say universalization of primary education. The lecture will be in bilingual mode and must be useful for you, okay? So do subscribe my channel and let's start. First of all, UEE. First of all, some people may not know its full form. So the full form of UEE is universalization of elementary education. That is, you can say that the whole concept of primary education is Bhaumi, right? It is also called UPE, UEE. So the main concept is that we don't need to be confused with it. So we will have to know that the government has been saying that we have to teach primary education to everyone. Universalization means that everyone in the universe is universally acceptable, right? We don't have to keep anyone in one place. So when we start, it starts from here that universal elementary education is not only a millennium development goal set by the United Nations, but also a fundamental requirement for the well-being of individuals. Millennium development goals means development. Now we will talk about SDG, right? Sustainable Development Goals. So we need to know when the MDG will be converted into SDG. But since the beginning is from MDG, that's why we start from here. So then it started that, by the way, you must have seen that many commissions committees have been talking for a long time, right? Even our Rabindranath Tagore has been talking for a long time that we should do all that for education. So it was said that this is not only a millennium development goal, but also a fundamental requirement. I mean, we need the main spirit for the well-being of people, for the well-being of individuals. What else was said? According to UNESCO, 2004 education comprises of a set of processes and outcomes that are defined qualitatively. At the international level, the emphasis on quality of education can be traced back to 1990. That is, when there is a complete discussion of quality of education at the international level, then we will have to go to 1990. What happened? Why declaration on education for all? This education for all is the same. E, F, A. We have read this somewhere. We were talking about inclusive education. That's when we learned that a world declaration came in 1990 on education for all. What did it say? Recommended that education be made both universally available and improved qualitatively. This education is on both sides. It means that everyone should be well-behaved, well-educated, universally. We also need to increase the quality of education. When you will study the problems of primary education, you will know that we have done it quantitatively. We have opened up a lot of schools. We have increased the enrollment ratio. We have done everything, but we couldn't increase the quality of education. In the year 2000, in 2000, the Dakar framework for action developed by UNESCO put forward quality of education as a fundamental determinant of enrollment, retention and achievement. You will face problems of primary education like enrollment, retention, there is no achievement, there is a drop-out of children. There are a lot of problems. So, the Dakar framework in the year 2000 by UNESCO says that we have to teach education well. Then, the concept of quality education has evolved over the years and it is now a multi-dimensional concept encompassing factors like learner's characteristics in their social environment, availability of enabling input. In enabling input, we have to teach competent teachers, they have to give them learning material, they have to give the facility to the school. Then, we will get the student's learning outcome. What does universalization of elementary education mean? What does it mean? It means that this is a fundamental requirement of well-being of individuals. Now, let's quickly review how MDG-SDG was made. We should also know when MDG-SDG was made. If you write this, you will say that it was about SDG, that it was about the goal of sustainable development, that it was about the development of development. Let's take a look. Shift from MDGs to SDGs. United Nations adopted the Millennium Declaration comprising the Millennium Development Goals as an outcome of deliberations in the United Nations Millennium Summit in September 2000. In September 8, 2000, the United Nations Millennium Summit was adopted by MDG. It gave a new vision to the global efforts on development over the next 15 years. It was decided that in the next 15 years we will achieve this. But since we could not achieve this in the next 15 years, then we made SDG as a sustainable development goal. How? We made it a sustainable development goal held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in June 2012 called the Future We Want. The future that we want paved the way for formal consultations on post-2015 Developmental Agenda. Since 2000, we said that we will achieve the Millennium Development Goals in the next 15 years. If we could not achieve it, then we made it in the form of SDG as a sustainable development goal based on three dimensions of development. We developed it in three dimensions. Which are Arthik, Samajik and Paryabharani. Economic, social and environmental. SDGs are viewed as extension of MDGs with sustainability parameter added to each MDG to be implemented in the post-2015 era along with a set of all new goals which were ignored in the MDGs. What did we do? MDG's Millennium Development Goals were only eight. SDGs are 17. Since we are not going to MDGs, we are just telling you the shift of SDGs from MDGs to SDGs. So, what we did was we added the sustainability input in every era. A parameter. What we did was we ignored all the issues that were ignored in MDGs. So, we added specific goals offering special focus on important areas related to sustainable development that require urgent and extensive attention and present and near future. That is to say, the issue of development in the future and SDGs were made. So, being a student in faculty and stakeholder of education you should know that SDGs are different from the UEE concept. Okay? Now, let's see how we can achieve universalization of elementary education. So, achieving UEE is a three-fold challenge. It is a challenge of three levels. The first one involves enrolling children in schools. First of all, universalization should be that all children should come to school. The second is to make sure that they are retained in the school education system. The second is to make sure that they remain in school. And the third one is to guarantee that children learn something meaningful while sitting in class. And the third one is that when they are in school, they get to learn something meaningful. That is, first they enroll, then retain and then learn something. Enrollment is more difficult. Retention is more difficult. And achievement is more difficult. In fact, there exists a complex interdependence among enrollment, retention and quality. On the one hand, poor quality education has a negative influence on family beliefs regarding the benefits of further investments in education leading to low enrollment and retention rates in the learning process. On the one hand, when there is no good education in schools, it has a negative influence on the family that we don't have to invest in education because there is no benefit from the learning process. So, what happens with this? Enrollment and retention rate goes down. The inter-linkage among these three aspects underscores the need for special attention to factors effectively. Education quality while addressing enrollment issues. So, this inter-linkage and interdependence comes out that we have to pay special attention that we have to give quality, education, quality and education to keep the enrollment issues in mind. Okay? The three pillars of UEE, the universalization of elementary education are the three pillars. If we understand that, we can reach the time of universalization of elementary education. Universalization of primary or elementary education basically involves three important things. That is universalization of provision, universalization of enrollment and universalization of retention. What is this provision, enrollment and retention? Universalization of provision means that school facilities should be provided to all the children between the age group of 6 to 14 years in the country. That is to say, for every child from 6 to 14 years, the provision is that the education is suitable for them. The school should be easily accessible within the walking distance of a child. The school that is available is easily accessible in the walking distance of the child. That is to say, it is in such a remote area that the child is not able to reach there. We have separately said that this retention, it is a very big topic. You cannot discuss it in one slide. So, we will discuss it in a different video. That is why you only have to know how to go about it. Universalization of enrollment means that all children between the age group of 6 to 14 years must be enrolled. When we talk about enrollment, we are talking about enrollment of 6 to 14 years, all the children should be enrolled in the school. The provision has demanded to introduce the compulsory legislation act that under the legislation, parents can be fining for not sending their children to school. You have already known that when the RTE Act 2009 came into the right to education, the law of education was passed. After that, it has been passed since 2010 that you can fine your parents. You can apply for a certificate that you are not sending your children to school. Universalization of retention retains a child who joins the primary school where he or she should remain there. This is the universalization of retention. The child was enrolled, and the child was retained until the primary school was completed. So, governmental efforts for UEE have been done by the government that we can achieve universalization of elementary education. The first start is from 1968, National Policy on Education in 1968, then National Policy on Education in 1986. Then DPEP is a big project for the district primary education program. The education is now available. Then National Program for Education of Girls at elementary level. Then National Program of Minimals in Schools Kasurba Gandhi Balika Vidyalay Then first for Trust for Female Literacy which is also called Saakshar Bharat Non-formal Education which is left out of schools improving the quality of pre-service and in-service training programs for primary school teachers. Which is known as PMOST Operation Blackboard Scheme and Special Orientation Program for primary school teachers. These are the efforts of the government. You must know that universalization of elementary education has increased and the universalization of secondary education has increased. We have educated everyone about the dropout rate in primary and secondary education. We have found this in the researches. So, you have to know the basic concept of universalization of elementary education. We have to learn all these things. What are the three things? First, you have to learn these things. Then you have to enroll all the children and all the children enrolled are retains in the education system. That is the benefit. We have to not only increase the quantity but also increase the quality of education. This is a very complex issue but for the time being we will not go that far for the college. We will cover one by one topic in further videos. I have completed the basic concept of universalization of elementary education in this video. Thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel Explore Education. I have done from my side.