 Thank you for the applause in advance. That's dangerous. I hope not to disappoint you That you can give an applause at the end as well Thanks very much for the invitation to Gülçin as the generous and Scientific host of this affair and of course to Hans who is the how did you call it Frank? He is the The the holder of the power or something here Well in any way and many thanks. I very glad to be here again with you and to share with you some thoughts always in my case concerning law Because I'm lawyer and law professor Which is of course not a contradiction to to anarchism Now this topic is war and peace currently well-known topic unfortunately and The law and the law this is what what interests me War and peace is such as we all know there is a interesting or a Close correlation to you know what what we are interested in war is a speciality of states That's a USP of states so to speak wars make states and States make war. This is very typical in history and on the other hand the consequence out of that would be No states no war or anarchy makes peace To put it very simplified of course No states no war is very much simplified. There are gang wars or You know and forceful violent disputes Things like that, of course, we are not in paradise But I would say those states much less war or even though war war in the really, you know Devastating sense But now especially what is the role and the role of law? This is what I'm going to share with you in the next half hour. I have to look at the watch five past five past twelve And should be Should be sufficient. Let's try What I want to try to show is that this political sentence here No states no war anarchy makes peace that this is also Supported by law that this is not just the political or philosophical or economic Saying but also a legal one war and peace you all think about the famous novel by Tolstoy war and peace that Beautiful great Noble and told From the Russian side, of course the right side Tsar Alexander first Romanov and Russian society it starts with Russian families France is far away Everybody is fascinated by France. They all speak French in the Russian nobility, but they are happy that it's far away It's dangerous. It's fascinating also and Then you wearing these four volumes of this wonderful novel France comes closer and closer and of course that the the war becomes more Specific that war in the beginning of the 19th century And this is the big attack then that comes from the liberal from the From Napoleon who brings liberty, you know by weapons by blood and cannons This is the story you maybe think about once we talk about and now Tolstoy in that novel Says something very general about the law he says He says this The actions of men are subject to general immutable laws expressed in statistics Maybe these are these very general Regularities we discussed yesterday and always at this conference and interesting Topic some parallels also to the speech we just had from from my previous speaker This general immutable laws on the one side and now on the other side, but what is man's responsibility to society Responsibility the conception of which results from the conception of freedom Responsibility has to do with freedom. You have a free will to decide this way and not the other way And there's a consequence you have to bear Liability, so this has to do with freedom about now. What is the relation between those immutable laws that are there? that Control that they influence everything on the one side and this personal Legal responsibilities of of the single individual on the other hand And that he says is a question of jurisprudence. So that's why I'm interested in that Here we have two days novel Actually, we can you know Unfortunately and have some some parallels here this big attack Let's call it quite simplified and more others call it a military operation So but here actually we have this this the same aspect of general immutable laws that are there in this world in human society and What about personal responsibility? Let's now apply this question of or this aspect of What are these general immutable laws? very general Such as Pumptire Everything flows This is not just a coincidence. It's maybe some of these General immutable laws that it's not static What what we live in but it's dynamic That there are out of this reciprocal incompatibilities of elements that the physicists say Akcio equals reactio Mutual impacts of thing collisions Akcio reactio lead to changes So within this Pantarei context changes are going on and now what are the responsibilities of You know the individuals These questions of jurisprudence here we think about in within such collisions subjective articulations of outrage Crying out the victim that claims responsibility of the perpetrator the roles of Victim and perpetrator the roles of aggressor and defender who is who? Maybe that that's the question if there is a mutual incompatibility Who is the aggressor who is the defender? And this leads to something I would call now for purpose of this speech as the red line principle I think this is something that that has to do with this question where it it Switches into personal responsibility has to do with this red line principle Red line principle to apply just on a regular legal case Conflicts between private entities we have these you know these entities some persons some small groups some bigger bigger entities some smaller but in principle we have autonomous entities in a social Environment, and this is quite now interesting parallel to the speech we had before These are the subject of the classic private law and Now there are lines not red lines. I put them blue In case there are no Crossings of lines. They are blue. They are okay. This is the the area of each each surroundings his his area of of Intimity of Selfness things like that. So the body of course as we heard several times but also Own belongings things like that. This is the basic structure actually of private law society And I Thought that this wall you see around the picture around the picture This wall with the PFS symbol is the logo is Is nicely made actually and it shows you know here around Actually, that's that's the picture of the private law society Beside these red line crossings But actually I do not know whether that was the intention of the marketing of the PFS organization Of course And they made that you didn't put them, you know close together. They all have some gap between you know This gives this this That everybody is has his his territory so to speak It's nicely shown on this wall and whenever even if there is no Presentation you always have the picture of private law society before your eyes Let's go back to This question what happens when such a line is crossed then it becomes red These blue lines become red once they are crossed and that's the answer of who is the aggressor and who is the defender? By aggression by killing by violating harming damaging stealing defrauding all these things within this Private law society, of course, that's not paradise Conflicts and are committed there but now as a Reaction of law it says that's a crime and when once that's a crime private law or criminal law Provides for reactions Actual equals react here it forbids aggression it allows defense forceful defense even against aggression in the board's damages It purists the aggressor This is how The red line principle works in very simple private law situation in short stop crying is the Natural reaction It's the outcome of these general immutable laws the outcry Stop crime and this means against that our beautiful Private law society is not paradise as I said there are some red Arrows in it But as we have seen now always combined with the immediate reaction Stop crime so that these reactions in the details of interpersonal relations are inbuilt so to speak and leads to Mechanisms of conflict Resolutions that are not dependent on any upper instance that Implementing stop crime Now the same on the level of the states here we have these entities these are also more or less autonomous entities in the global environment And these are the subjects of international law not of private law and here too in the outset we have these and First blue lines and now we Look at what about the case where they become red Where these lines are crossed? There's this state for instance crosses the red line the line that becomes then read Against the other state with aggression killing violating bombing devastating Attack against that other country We call that war The other case we called it called that crime on the Private level here we call it war Reaction doesn't come primarily from private or criminal law, but from international law But with actually the same or similar Remedies if for bits aggression allows defense imposes economic sanctions as we know pillar is the aggressor and in short stop war is the saying So here that old story Tolstoy story crossing the red line as a reaction stop war That's very beautiful in that in that novel how how this goes You know to east and then it comes back how Namely the chief commander of the Russian army avoids the immediate clash and he retreats He he lures in a way the the French Into this this wide country of of Russia He even goes behind Moscow so that that Napoleon comes into Moscow and then he doesn't find the final battle He doesn't find anybody to negotiate a peace agreement and he has sort of flee back You know and because the long winter is come and he will lose that way and in a way it's It's it's also this reaction Made influenced by those general immutable laws that are in built in behavior of of human society In this case there is also a diagonal arrow To be precise so to speak because these triangles isn't it not just you know a country a population It's it's a hierarchy. It's it's all on the top. They are general soldiers But they are civilian population and they too are attacked by these war Aggression and that's why stop war comes from both sides it comes In this horizontal, but also in this diagonal way Or the same actually we have in this current case. We have This this general Reactions top war that comes not only on this so to speak official and military level, but also very impressively from the Ukrainian civil population that that is a bad victim here of this attack So this leads now to become a bit a bit theoretical a bit abstract to a chart That we have these two levels we have the upper level Where state versus state? This concerned we have Once there is this aggression the red arrow we have automatically so to speak this blue Reactive arrows top war The same from the bottom side diagonally And we have a similar or even identical Situation just on a smaller level on this Individual level between individuals stop crime is there to saying be it That this crime is committed in the context of a war which is of course often the case but also Irrespective of any war situation The situation that as I told before on that level even if it's a private law society It's not paradise and we have crimes there, but we have reactions against this crime so we have this two level and aspect actually with the same General immutable laws that are active be it on the bigger level be it on the smaller level Now what is interesting of course, and I'm sure you're thinking about that What about the vertical? relation We did not yet look at the relation. Do you see it? Maybe it's too It's too too light. There is a light Gray arrow between the state and his individuals, you know a vertical line What about what about that relation? Could be an interesting question Maybe has nothing to do with war if you look at this now we have States we have individuals We have what the states are concerned We met them before these autonomous entities in a global environment subjects of international law and In the bottom part Autonomous entities in the social environment subjects of private law and now what about What about the lines between these Two levels What does the state Concerning this at the moment blue line That that goes then back to this individual level You all know what it does. It's not blue at all. It's heavily red if you look now what is The typical activity the states the state Practices towards his subjects. We have many such arrows Crossing many such blue lines that become red So the whole country is full of red lines because they stayed in trues into these these private territories I called them before by taxation by mandatory draft Especially in war situations by supervision expropriation restrictions regulations etc etc you you name it and you know it So There we have the red line principle in a very heavily a way applied or breached however you call it and now as a consequence as a reaction out of these General immutable laws we have here not the classical private law We do not have the international law, but we have the tradition of human rights and This is the reaction Liberty rights personal rights again what pfs stands for you know which is typically a Defensive approach in this vertical attack That takes place every day from the state to his subjects now What what is what is the blue? The blue arrow that that comes up as a reaction. Is this now? Stop crime or is it? Stop war We had before is it stop crime once we look at what the what he? Imposes on his many victims He steals money from them by taxation things like that That's a crime. I mean you know that Taxes are theft and theft is a crime. So the objection against that could be stop crime Once you look at the state how broadly he commits his crimes In this encompassing way the country wide Then you think of a war so stop war So out of these general laws comes the outcry stop crime stop war or in Combination now it's quite simply a stop state State is a combination of crime and war and that should be stopped out of these natural laws so this chart must be Completed we have these red lines now. We know there is also a very important horizontal red line and Now we have these different aspects on the Trivial every day perhaps Crime level we have this aspects top crime there we have What states are concerned this this war aspect and then what the state Versus his subject is concerned. We have this top state approach. So this is how these these general laws are effective within this Within this structure we have with states with individuals with conflicts between states individuals and namely between states and their Subjects Or now two days noble a bit broader. This is the situation. We actually have we have you know all these countries We have people we have Russian people Ukrainian people, but people they are people here we have these state organizations in The case of Russia and Ukraine and we have currently a war going on so these Specific arrows are there. They are not between others currently So in the other states the one at the left and the one at the right. They are only this vertical Arrows backwards against its subjects Below there we have this private and criminal law level There as I told It's not a paradise, but there we have these inbuilt corrections by private and criminal law So this is today's novel what we do not yet have are these Blue arrows upwards that stay stop state So if I imagine Tomorrow's novel that would be the picture of that that besides these corrections on this horizontal level within the civilian population and we have big arrows upwards that say it's forbidden to Intrude from there in the way states typically do so these states then should Disappear should be banished by law One could say That by these general immutable law it's forbidden to behave like a state This means that in this charge there is nothing up there Except that principle that no shot nobody has a right to you know install himself over there And we have of course on this level level. We have this legal corrections inbuilt so that could be Not the not paradise. I repeat myself, but well Situation we at least we do not have the big wars Or now I promised I would say at the end of my speech. I will say how this this statement No states no war Anarchy makes peace how this statement is supported also as a legal statement And I hope that I was able to show you that it's not only a political or ethical or philosophical aspect, but also a legal one So that up there no states no war Anarchy and up down here the private law Society, okay, that's it. Thanks