 The blood on this Karachi street shows the risks that polio vaccinators take in Pakistan, where radical clerics have condemned vaccination campaigns as a western plot to sterilize Muslims. Here, on January 21st, three young polio workers were gunned down by unidentified men on motorcycles. The killings were just the latest in a vaccinator-directed campaign. There are two sets of victims here, the vaccinators who paid with their lives for refusing to be cowed, and the less obvious victims, the children of Pakistan, one of only three countries where this crippling and sometimes deadly disease is still endemic. In Pakistan, polio cases surged by nearly 60% in 2013, in parallel with the vaccinator-directed violence. Every single case occurred in a child less than five years old. We have the CIA in part to thank for this. The sham vaccine campaign against hepatitis B that was an ill-advised part of the hunt for Osama bin Laden has poisoned trust, not only in radicals, but among many ordinary Pakistanis.