 Hi, everyone. Welcome. I, my name is Allison Grantham and I am with Rowell Consulting on behalf of the National Academy's committee to advise the US Global Change Research Program, the USGCRP. I welcome you to this listening session on global change issues with a specific focus on food related challenges and opportunities. Through USGCRP federal agencies coordinate climate and global change change research and use the results to create tools and assessments to help people make decisions in the context of global change. Through this session and others in this five part series, we aim to connect more directly with users and researchers who are building on and applying global change information and tools in their work. And to gather insights and information that the USGCRP can consider as it plans the implementation of its work over the coming decade. In these sessions, we are welcoming staff from the USGCRP and agencies that comprise the USGCRP members of the National Academy's committee to advise the USGCRP, of which I am a member, and all of you, users and researchers who are engaged in building on and applying the types of knowledge and tools that the USGCRP is charged with developing and supporting. We recognize this is a National Academy's event on topics that are critical importance to all of us. And we are trying this different approach for providing input and engagement to support USGCRP in its work. Please bring your insights and enthusiasm to this session. So, can we, should we move ahead to the agenda. Yep. Next slide please. All right, so in today's agenda we have a series of speakers who will provide remarks, all of whom expressed interest in contributing when registering for this session. Everyone here will have opportunities to contribute through an engagement platform that we will introduce shortly representatives from the USGCRP and the committee to advise the USGCRP are attending in listening mode today. Thank you for joining us and we look forward to hearing from you over the next 90 minutes. Next slide. All right. To start, I'd like to acknowledge that while today we are gathered virtually the National Academy's is physically housed on the traditional land of the, the coach, the coach tank, and to scatter away people's past and present. We honor with gratitude the land itself and the people who have stewarded it through throughout the generations. We honor and respect the enduring relationship that exists between these people's and nations and this land. We thank them for their resilience and protecting this land and aspire to uphold our responsibilities to their example. I would like to acknowledge that our understanding of food and global change issues are closely related to and informed by indigenous knowledge and experience, and that many native communities are on the front line of impacts from these changes. I am joining from New Jersey, the traditional land of the Lenny Lenape people. Next slide please. Okay. We have the committee to advise the USGCRP are looking forward to these sessions to connect directly with researchers and users who are using and applying global change information in their work. As part of our regular meetings throughout the year, we provide this and other opportunities to engage with and hear from broad audiences to inform this important work. The goals of this listening session these this series of listening sessions include gathering useful actionable input for USGCRP for implementation of its work, making connections and expanding the group of researchers and user users who are directly engaging with the USGCRP and its work to recognize connections across researchers users and the themes of USGCRP work and product, and to inform potential future engagement mechanisms and opportunities, including forms approaches and participants for such engagement. Next slide. Guidance for input today, we are seeking input on how USGCRP you may implement its work to better understand and address global change issues. You do not need to be familiar with USGCRP to provide input. We are specifically seeking to connect with a broader audience in these sessions. If you are unfamiliar with USGCRP we hope you had a chance to view the introduction video on our event pages before the session or encourage you to view it afterwards. In preparing for these listening sessions sessions USGCRP requested input and insights on the following themes to inform the implementation of its strategic priorities and activities. Diversity equity and inclusion, which actions should be prioritized to fully incorporate these values and research community engagement and workforce development. How do we implement them. Advancing science, what are the priority gaps in foundational science methods that require enhanced long term investments. Use inspired research. How do we ensure that USGCRP science and products are better driven by and connected to users, including, for example, improved use of consultation collaboration, translation dissemination informing client climate services and socio economic sciences integration. What are the priorities for integrating socio economic sciences into our program and to inform critical decisions. Particularly helpful feedback might include ideas on emerging large scale scientific questions related to global change and or response, especially those where interagency collaboration will be critical. Public information on how science is or is not being used to inform societal response to global change and why and knowledge gaps and obstacles to implementing scientific tools or knowledge. To ensure all have time to speak, we will be holding you to the five minutes limit. Next slide please. Okay, so there are other input opportunities. The USGCRP is seeking public comment on the prospectus for its national global change research plan. From 2022 to 2031. The opportunity to provide comment runs through January 11 2022. The prospectus can be accessed by by visiting USGCRP review and comment system and I also saw that it was just posted in the chat. This is an open call all comments must be input via the USGCRP review and comment system by 1159pm Eastern time on January 11 2022 for consideration. For more information on this call to comment. Please see the federal register notice or visit USGCRP website. While these listening sessions may help inform the development or implementation of this plan. Individual feedback on the prospectus should be submitted through the public comment mechanism. In support of the fifth national climate assessment USGCRP and national climate assessment authors will host a series of workshops in January and February to solicit feedback on climate change related issues that are important to the public. The information gathered in these workshops will help the authors determine which topics to cover in their chapters of the fifth national climate assessment. The USGCRP website for details on these workshops and the link is also in just shared in the chat. Okay. Next slide please. Okay. So with expectations for conduct we are committed to fostering a professional, respectful inclusive environment where all participants can participate fully in an atmosphere that is free of harassment and discrimination based on any identity based factors. Please report misconduct immediately. To Steven Stitcher and his email is here. And the national academies policy on preventing discrimination harassment and bullying is also available on the event page for the listening session. Okay, I think. Sorry, was there someone, Steven did you. I'll take it, I'll take it from here. Okay, I would like to pass it now back over to Steven. Thank you very much. Great. Next slide please. Thanks everyone for joining and Allison for that welcome on behalf of the committee. For these listening sessions. We have a couple of modes to hear from you and for you to interact with each other. After this session we will hear from participants who indicated during registration and interest in providing oral comments. At the same time, we have available with zoom Q&A mechanism to capture key points from speakers and contributions from all of you. If you have any issues with either this zoom platform, either the zoom platform or the Q&A please send a chat to the host via zoom or an email. Greenaway, who is who's contact information is listed here on the slide. Today we have a series of speakers who will provide oral remarks on the theme of global change in food. The first set of speakers were the first ones to indicate during registration interest in providing oral remarks. These speakers will all appear with video. We have throughout the session closed captioning available the transcript the live transcript is available through the live transcript icon in the zoom menu bar. Through the zoom platform will be using the Q&A functionality for input to us GCRP from anyone who was participating in today's session. Despite the Q&A in the title and the name of this functionality we're looking for your thoughts and recommendations and guidance to us GCRP on this or other global change themes, rather than questions. As Allison indicated us GCRP is here in listening mode and will not be answering questions so we look forward to your input through the Q&A window. And, but again we're looking for your thoughts and recommendations on their work going forward, rather than specifically questions. I'd like to invite Amanda on just to talk about how we're handling the last part of the session, Amanda. I just wanted to indicate, as, as Stephen mentioned that when people signed up to attend, there were folks that that indicated they wanted to provide oral remarks. And we do have a number of a couple of the people who indicated they would be joining or not online yet. And so in anticipating that we might be able to move to our waitlist which we also have a couple of people listed there. Also just wanted to generally make, make sure that everyone knew that that platform will be available, we, because we're anticipating to have a little bit of time left at the end after all of our, our speakers. So if you have comments that you would like to give and you did not indicate that you want to do to when, when you registered. That's fine, we will have the ability to either allow you to unmute yourself and provide those comments or, or promote you to be a panelist after, after we get through the slate of speakers that we have lined up. And so that's just a note to generally prepare yourself if you would like to speak we'll have that opportunity as well. Great. All right, please. And just to note that this is a public session, and we will be recording this session for future reference as we consider the input that's provided. And just please take note of these, these disclaimers about in particular that the contributions and comments that are made during the session will be part of the public record. And certainly that today's presentations and discussions are presented to the committee they're not. They are not opinions findings or recommendations of the committee. So with that, I would like to invite Mike Cooper Berg from USG CRP to provide a welcome on there we have. Good afternoon, everyone. My name is Mike Cooper Berg. I'm the executive director of the US global change research program, or USG CRP. USG CRP is managed by the subcommittee on global change research, which consists of representatives from the 13 federal agencies that make up US global change research program. You can think of this subcommittee as the board of directors for USG CRP. I'm here today representing those 13 agencies. And we want you to know that we're serious about our legislative mandate, which is to assist the nation and the world to understand assess, predict and respond to human induced and natural processes of global change. On behalf of USG CRP. Thank you for your interest for your time and your expertise. Your input will be heard and considered as we draft and implement a new 10 years strategic plan for USG CRP. Thanks to the staff from the National Academies there are a number of federal agency representatives and from the US National Coordination Office for USG CRP on the line today. They'll be listening carefully and taking notes that'll inform our discussions and writing for the new plan. That new plan will be completed late next year. Between now and then you can comment on a prospectus that is a high level outline of the plan. The prospectus was released for public comment today. I'm happy to say. So on the on the website and I think that April put a link to that prospectus in the chat. A full draft of the plan will be released for public comment, and for review by this committee of the National Academies in the middle of 2022. So please take advantage of these opportunities to provide input and comment to us we do want to hear what you think and what you have to say, and we will take all of your comments into consideration. Finally, on behalf of USG CRP, our sincere thanks to you for taking the time to speak to us today to the committee to advise USG CRP and to the staff of the National Academies for organizing these sessions. Specifically, I want to thank Allison random for our being our host today, Steven Stitcher, Amanda Stout, April Melvin, and Amanda Purcell for all the work they've done to organize these meetings and to support the committee itself. I also want to say thank you to Katie Reeves and Julie Morris from the US Global Change Research Programs National Coordination Office for their roles in making this happen. We look forward to your comments and suggestions. Thank you again for being here. Steven, I'd like to invite Allison back on to your speakers. I am here and I would like to welcome Megan. That's correct. Yes, as our first speaker. Thank you. Yes, thank you very much. I really appreciate this opportunity to provide comments and look forward to hearing the other comments as well from the other panelists and speakers today. On behalf of the Center for Food Systems Security at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and we have recognized some large scale scientific questions related to global change that we believe need to be addressed. One of these is trying to understand the balance between efficiency and resiliency within the food supply chain when it comes to managing risk. The one thing that we're all familiar with is that we currently still live in legacy programs that are set up and built on understanding technology within the supply chain and that we need to move beyond that and build a resilient food supply chain, but this is going to require technology and analytical tools that can allow companies and governments to assess the risks as we move across the continuum from efficiency to resiliency under varying environmental circumstances. I believe that although it's very beneficial in order to start from scratch with building a lot of these tools that one way in order to move this faster could be by expanding existing analytics and insurance or in investment analytics that are used for food or food companies. We also believe that it's incredibly important to include on the sufficiency to resiliency in a very broad term, everything as far as resiliency from producing food, from the transportation logistics to also the resiliency of community food systems. And so we want to integrate the social and economic components into this balance. And in doing so, we believe that we have to ask questions about, you know, how will the cost burden be distributed if we move towards a more resilient framework. This includes ensuring that small and medium companies have the same opportunities as large scale businesses, and that the cost burden really isn't just carried solely by farmers or by consumers. One of the other things that we're seeing is that as ESG or environmental social governance and climate compliance expands, including the projected securities and exchange competition compliance for the largest food and add companies. We understand that then there's a need for increased technology in measuring a number of the different climate variables from on farm to farm to table transportation. This includes currently, even with any sort of client compliance, we're usually limited to carbon compliance but not necessarily anything beyond that. And so we need to figure out the sensors that are necessary. Some of the different logistics and the analytics that are required in order to measure additional variables under this kind of ESG reporting that's going to continue to increase. We believe that along with this, it shouldn't just be those climate variables. We need to ensure that there's the social part of this, as well as the governance. And again, expanding into variables for economic and social systems. With moving this forward we understand that we need to have standards on how to measure and how to import this type of compliance as well. And that we think that this needs to happen at the industry level, not necessarily from the National Institute for Standards and Technology because we believe that the technologies continue to increase at a rapid pace. We believe there's a huge gap in is large scale public private partnerships. We think that these are important, just like what we're seeing today, because it allows for diverse viewpoints to be put forward. But also we think that these public private private partnerships are critically important, because we need data across each of these companies, public and private, and across the entire food supply chain in order to analyze these data as a whole, because the data is much more valuable if we can aggregate it and see the whole system. We believe that this will help us to predict and forecast as well as to adapt to mitigate to any sort of climate change, or any other sort of global change that's we're going to see over the next many years. We also believe that it's important to have these public private partnerships, because this will allow us to have greater data exchanges across the supply chain. We currently see that each sector and each company tends to work independently, and that if we want to be able to have transparency in the food supply chain we have to have some sort of data interchange from each sector each company across that supply chain. In order to move this forward, we know that this is a long term solution to very long term challenges, we need to develop a workforce that is diverse. We have to be able to continue to push stem research, both natural and social sciences, as well as systems level thinking through K through 12 and our undergraduate institutions. This will put we also need to be able to provide some opportunities for these diverse students to be exposed to global change research and provide full scholarships for diverse students to enter into educational career pathways and global change research. Thank you so much. Hi there. I'm trying to unmute myself, I would like to thank you very much. Dr daily for those comments I would now like to welcome let me see a no girl from the American Cancer Society. Hi, thank you so much. I'm Dr Litchison again my researcher at American Cancer Society and I did watch the video before the meeting I was. We're especially interested in the interagency role. We know that our current food system encouraged consumption of foods there are not only unhealthy, but also have huge environmental and social impact. So we would need more research and more methods for estimating as I mean I was saying the health and social cost of the current food system and the food choices. Not only through regulation but also through food labeling and advertising and what types of products are available to consumers and how we could increase the diversity of products and not only from subsidized crops. But also that their products available to consumers are more culturally inclusive. The current health that the current food system also impacts the health of agricultural workers and the community is living around the places where food is produced. There's increased exposure to pesticides and antibiotics and it probably heard of the manure log bones to from the waste produced by some food products. So I think that we would like to see more research on estimating the true cost of the current food system on not only the food consumption, but the health of people who are eating the food and producing the food, the environment and the society. And the government's role not only is funding research, but also regulating the type of food that is available to food label food advertising and the enforcing some of the clean air and clean water act. As regards to food production and also the government's role as a consumer such as some incentives for school consumption, children consumption of food and farm to school projects. That's it. Thank you. Thank you so much for those comments. I would now like to welcome Michael rest. Thank you very much. And thank you for the opportunity to share some thoughts with you today. They pertain to the opportunity to turn the ocean to turn to the ocean when we think about food, energy, climate mitigation, climate adaptation and, and related nexus is the ocean covers 70% of the Earth service and therefore receives about 70% of the sunlight that powers our world. And the ocean contains about 97% of the Earth's water, yet it produces a little less than 2% of man's food. Instead, currently we use some 70% or so of our water and 40% or so of our land to produce 98% of our food. The land, however, and the sea systems are complementary, especially when we think about climate and we think about resiliency and the need to be diverse to produce healthy diverse food. But what the what the sea brings is to imagine a food production system that uses no or little land. No or little freshwater needs no or little fertilizer. And it's a system which is largely immune from from floods and droughts. So in that way it's very complementary to what we do in agriculture. 2021 is the first year of the international decade of ocean sciences for sustainable development. This platform provides a unique opportunity for global discussion of the future of ocean based food production conditions or connections such as this can also help increase the interaction of the producers of science and the users of science and international effort is also likely going to be the best option for the US to advance in this field. Just based upon a back of the envelope calculation with a quick Google search of budget numbers for no and USDA. It appears that for about every dollar the US spends on marine aquaculture research and development at the federal level. It's about $50 on fisheries management issues, but even more lopsided for every dollar of marine aquaculture spending. We spent on the order of $5,000 for agriculture. This is likely similar for other countries in the Western Hemisphere as well as the EU. And it's probably roughly proportional to the value of those industries at current. It's not necessarily appropriate for the future potential of each industry, especially when we consider food production in a in a changing climate. The practical result of this is to obtain the critical mass of science needed to make significant advances we need to cooperate and that needs to be on the international scale. In COP26 meeting the US joined the high level panel for a sustainable ocean economy. This effort was led by the heads of state from 14 different countries prior to COP26 and then grew significantly as a result of other countries including the US joining. The high level panel sees the ocean as an opportunity to use aquaculture as a way not only to provide sustainable blue foods in quantities of significant amounts to feed humanity for the next half a century, but also as a way to fight climate change. I suggest the US GCRP take a look at the work of this panel as a potential roadmap that can help humanity deal with climate change and continue to thrive in the process. Two takeaways are the ocean is more than a victim of climate change. It has the potential for for being a superhero in mitigation and adaptation and provide healthy sustainable food at levels on par with land based food production by focusing on marine aquaculture. Given the small effort that the US and Western countries have made to develop ocean based aquaculture and its rudimentary level of development. It will take a world effort to move forward. However, the fact that ocean aquaculture is not developed gives us a blank slate to build in use inspired science that includes social and economic topics and addresses issues including those of environmental social justice and diversity at the start. Thank you. Thank you so much, Dr rest for your comment. We will now move on to GG Owen of the University of Arizona. Hey, thank you so much for this opportunity. My name is Dr DG Owen, I am a social scientist at the climate assessment for the Southwest program, which is a no or visa program housed at the University of Arizona. Over the past year and a half, I've been working with people across all nodes of the regional food system here in southern Arizona. And we've been investigating the impact of COVID on these food systems and looking for evidence of resilience within these systems in the face of the COVID crisis, kind of glean lessons from these pandemic responses that then might also apply to climate adaptation responses. So my two points that I'm sharing today both stem from that research. My first point focuses on applying climate research to the needs of next generation farmers and ranchers, especially those who produce in local and regional food system contexts. Many young farmers are highly concerned about climate and changes to water availability changes to soil health, and they really want to and are trying out ways to grow food that conserve water and grow food in ways that conserve water and improve the soil. The National Young Farmer and Rancher Coalition has done a lot of work to support these next generations of farmers and ranchers. And in a recent survey of their members they found that water availability, climate change and drought are among the top agricultural concerns of young farmers in the arid US West. Many of these farmers are trying to implement climate adapted techniques on their farms, like water conservation and efficient irrigation systems, or building soil health by incorporating practices such as cover cropping crop rotation no till and rotational grazing. So in terms of climate information needs this group is a perfect match to engage around the types, learning about the types of information that would be useful and could be helpful for identifying future research needs. They've also been systematically under resourced as many of these young farmers and ranches ranchers do not typically come from generational wealth or even from farming families. So they have to find ways to buy or lease their own land and access water. As many of them are typically small, smaller to medium sized businesses. They've also been underserved by state departments of agriculture and the USDA, both in terms of financial support and also in research technology development and information. There are several agricultural workforce development programs in various states. I know New Mexico has implemented one in the last couple of years, and Arizona just approved a program this past summer. And these are really good start to create new opportunities for new farmers and ranchers, especially people who have who are underrepresented in in our agricultural systems. These types of workforce development programs I know ours is run through the cooperative extension program. They could really benefit from targeted regional climate change and adaptation information information and research. My second point is that although we tend to emphasize connections between climate and food production obviously for good reason. We really need to expand our understanding of climate impacts to the other nodes of the food system. Namely, distribution, processing and waste. Two of the biggest issues that we have heard from people who work in the food system here in southern Arizona are around food storage and transportation. Increased heat impacts the shelf life with food, so both fresh and dry goods. And this is already having an impact on distribution here for both food retail and for food banks and food pantries. As well as an increased need for adequate cold storage and cooling during transport to ensure food safety and so that food doesn't go bad during that transportation process. Also climate related safety issues include increased dust storms on the road during transport as well as impacts on the paved roads and transportation infrastructure. Higher maximum minimum temperatures increase the use of air conditioning and business establishments and distribution and processing facilities, which drive energy consumption and costs. And although these impacts aren't unique to the food systems, any breakdowns in these areas can have huge impacts on our food supply chain as we've seen and continue to see throughout the COVID pandemic. And of course, I am running out of time but food waste is a huge issue as a contributor to emissions, and there are several promising avenues to deal with waste that need to be implemented and then also evaluated across the US. Thank you so much for this opportunity. Great. Thank you. I just wanted to give a heads up that we will have some time for for contributions from the audience. So, for those of you who are listening, we welcome your input as well and after the next speaker or two. We will, we will ask for interest from the audience. So, Alison, if you can go ahead with the next speakers. Our next speaker is Dr Franklin Egan from PASA and Regen AI, is that correct? Regen all? Okay. All right, got it. Over to you. Thanks Alison, and thanks everyone for the opportunity to speak this afternoon. As Alison mentioned I worked for PASA Sustainable Agriculture, which is a farmers organization active in Pennsylvania and the Mid-Atlantic. We provide training research and technical support for all manners of farmers from small vegetables to large row crop and CAFO dairies. One of one of the activities that I've been really engaged with has been a citizen science soil health project called the Soil Benchmark Study and through that have been talking for years with farmers about soil health and climate adaptation and wanted to make a few points related to that. The source is just that it's very clear and I know that that the data that U.S. that this program has helped provide makes very clear is that climate change in the northeast, one of the, you know, most visible and extreme aspects of that have been our changes in precipitation pattern. Most of our rainfall or more of our rainfall coming in very heavy sudden doses and that being quite predictable in terms of its timing quite unpredictable in terms of its timing during the growing season. This is creating lots of challenges for farmers as they increasingly try to figure out how to cram more operations into a narrower and more unpredictable range of field readiness days and so just one trend that I'm aware of how this has been playing out as we've been seeing on dairy farms increasingly and move away from perennial crops like alfalfa that can build soil towards annual crops because it's become quite difficult to manage multiple cuttings of hay. There are lots of trends like this and I think it points to a real need for research both in terms of decision support tools that could help farmers understand trends and changes, not just in things like frost free days but field readiness and precipitation patterns and other technologies that can help manage extreme rainfall, maybe very intensive interventions like tiling which is not super common in the northeast but other things like more research into cover crop genetics that might provide farmers more opportunities to plant into smaller and varying windows. The second comment I wanted to make is that in this region and I know throughout the country, more and more farmers are getting interested in payment for ecosystem services, especially carbon credits. And I just wanted to voice that with my experience in measuring soil, health measuring soil carbon and I know from many colleagues, just wanted to voice a lot of skepticism about the ability to really do that at scale in a reliable measurement and verification for carbon markets and wanted to encourage this committee to consider further and deeper research into the viability of national and international carbon markets. And when we're thinking about investing public dollars, kind of the return on investment of payment for ecosystem services versus payment for practices, which we have much more experience with NRCS programs like CSP or equip, which I think could be revitalized in a number of ways. And then the last comment I'll make and this is in relevance to a new organization I'm working with called regional. I've seen that through the lens of local climate action, local climate action plans for counties and rural communities. There's just a tremendous opportunity there to connect local policy around climate change to land stewardship and food and water issues and would would really value more social science research into how that can be done effectively. Thank you for the opportunity and yeah really value the work of this community and everyone on the call. Thank you. Thank you so much for that. Our next speaker is Dr. Marianne from Cornell University. Thank you Allison and thank you all for allowing me to speak today. I'm on the faculty in the Cornell Department of Natural Resources and the environment. I work a lot with Cornell Cooperative Extension. For those of you don't know Cornell is the land grant school in New York State. So my remarks today are about plant rich diet as a means to reduce food emissions and improve people's health as well as about food waste. In working with Cornell Cooperative Extension across the state, I have found that both rural areas like the Adirondack region and cities face similar issues of lack of access to healthy plant rich foods. Whereas many people are familiar with urban food deserts, people in rural areas may have to drive miles to buy food and generally where they end up is that a gas station convenience store with few or no healthy options. Further people including low income residents on federal nutrition programs such as FNEP and SNAP may know little about plant rich foods and how to prepare them. So I propose research on two areas related to plant rich diet. First is the barriers to accessing healthy diets, including barriers related to physical availability of plant rich rich foods, and to people's awareness of the benefits and knowledge of how to prepare such foods. And second to look at innovative policies and practices that incentivize and otherwise work to enable access to healthy plant rich foods. Such research conducted in rural and urban low income communities addresses concerns about diversity, equity and inclusion, and working with Cooperative Extension can also help to ensure use inspired research. For example, I reached out to a corporate extension educator in preparation for my remarks and she asked me to include in my comments today research into the effectiveness of youth education related to produce consumption, for example, preparation and taste testing of focus on policies such as plant rich procurement programs in schools hospitals and other institutions and subsidies for dairy and livestock farmers converting grains and produce or subsidies for that matter for alternatives to meet and dairy. Plus, the impact of innovative food access programs such as farmers markets and CSAs will address social economic sciences integration. Finally, and importantly, I wanted to mention research on reducing food waste as a climate solution. I found through volunteering with a food donation organization that grocery stores at least in Ithaca and Tompkins County are great at donating edible food to food recovery programs. But a university like Cornell generates massive food waste in dining and in student residences, probably especially the off campus residents because, well, and on campus residents but in dining there is at least some food waste diversion. So how to organize food recovery programs, given health regulations and sorting of plate food from other plate waste to enable composting by gas generation and animal feed, as well as how to promote use of dining food left at the end of the day with food locator apps are all needed research areas. So, thank you. Thank you so much for that. I'm going to turn it over now to Steven. Great. So, thank, thank you to all of the speakers for their points and we'd like to offer an opportunity now for anyone from who is participating in this in this session to raise their hands and provide comments. We are in a session that is around the theme of food and global change, but as with all of these sessions where we recognize that global change issues are cross cutting and inter interconnected and we've already experienced that through the through the comments that we've received today. So we welcome comments from anyone on any of these topics related to global change on food or other topics as well. So if you're interested in providing comments, I encourage you to go to the three dots, more menu on the bottoms of your zoom screen and just raise your hand. And we will then have the opportunity to pull you up for audio audio only contributions to our to our session. So, there's anyone who's interested in providing additional comments either and in to build on comments that we've already heard or other topics. Now is a great up your opportunity to do so. Seeing any anybody wanted want to add to what we've heard today. I am not at this point. Seeing any hands. Amanda are you seeing all right then. So we want to thank you then for joining us today. And Nikki, if you can pull up the slide, the remaining slide the next slide. I'll just quickly go over next steps, we will be following up after this session with an email to all registrants with a couple of more opportunities to provide input and evaluation on this session as well as a call for input on to us GCRP. So those who are interested in written comments, this is an opportunity and a structured way to provide some of those written comments as well. And we will be, we will be here, we will also be posting on the event page where you originally found information on this session. The outputs from this from this session of video recording and transcript of the session, for instance will be available there. Finally, as we noted, all of the inputs from these listening sessions will be available to us GCRP and the advisor advisory committee to inform their work going forward. So with that I'd like to invite Mike to come back on and provide a closing remarks for us GCRP and then Allison. Thank you very much. Again, on behalf of the US global change research program, our 13 agencies and many many federal employees, we sincerely appreciate the time and the input. I was pleased with what we heard today, very thoughtful very prepared and very insightful comments. We have notes of them we'll capture the comments in the chat here, and this will go back to us GCRP for consideration as we develop the strategic plan. Again, I encourage you to take a look at the prospectus, you have a link from that in the chat. It's a very high level outline of where we're starting and then look for a full draft of the plan for public comment in the middle of 2022. We are very much appreciative of your time of the input. Thank you so so much we look forward to putting out a plan that will all be proud of. Thanks so much. Hi Allison, on behalf of the committee. Yes, on behalf of the committee, I would like to thank everyone for your active participation and contributions today, and look forward to supporting dissemination of more information as it becomes available. And just as a final parting comments, we have one more session on Wednesday evening from five to 630pm. At Eastern time, we have a session on transportation and infrastructure, and we welcome your participation in that and one more opportunity to provide comment on any of the topics that have not been addressed, or where you see additional attention that needs to be paid to those topics whether they are specifically around transportation and infrastructure, or other, or other subjects. Thank you for joining us today. I hope you'll join us on on Wednesday, and thank you for your interest in USG CRP and global change addressing global train change issues.