 The DNA molecule has a sister, sibling, whatever we call it, that is highly similar but not identical. So this fundamental nucleotide part is still largely relevant, but if you make that one small charge and swap an OH group to an H group, you get an almost completely different molecule. It's of course not completely different. The building blocks are virtually the same, but this changes the stability and hydrogen bonding patterns in the molecule. So instead of having a stable double helix, we're going to end up with something that is not a double helix. You actually change the bases too. Instead of having A, G, C and T, that timing is replaced for another molecule called uracil, not a base called uracil. The reason for that is actually pretty smart in evolution, so that the sighted scene base can actually be degraded under some conditions to form uracil. And that would be a disaster in DNA, right? Because if you had then had two molecules and if sighted scene in some conditions would be degraded, you could end up with literally changing the code description in the book. So having timing in DNA instead of uracil means that we have a different description in DNA so that the DNA in RNA doesn't matter, because the RNA is just transient and the RNA is never, at least normally never used to produce new, the next generation's genetic code. So DNA and RNA have slightly different roles and evolution have then adapted them to this to have bases optimized for the different usages. As I mentioned, RNA is a single-stranded chain. It's also much floppier. It is not at all as stable as DNA, where DNA can be stable under some conditions for thousands or even tens of thousands of years. RNA will degrade in mere hours in the lab. We typically have to put RNA on ice when we work with it. DNA will actually degrade too, and that's the reason why radiation damage, for instance, will damage your genetic material in DNA. But due to the complementarity of the base pairs, under most conditions, your cells can repair that as long as the damage is not too severe. But of course, as we get older and everything, this becomes more fragile and under some points it will lead to tumors. There are a few different types of RNA that I'm going to take you through and let's see what they do.