 Hello, everyone. It's a great day. What kind of weather we have here? It's amazing, isn't it? That's usually not this warm, so I appreciate you being here in this room. It's rather freezing, but It's a great pleasure to be with you. So I've been a future of us for roughly 15 years. I used to be in the music business I did a bunch of startups here in San Francisco, so I lived here for 10 years In the last five years of doing, you know, I do about a hundred speaking engagements a year In the last five years I've been getting one single question on every single engagement whether it's in in Japan To Australia to the US and that is the question. What's going to happen to people? When we live in a world of technology and In a positive way, right? People are worried about they also see great opportunities. So it compelled me to write this book Technology versus question mark Humanity and the best thing about the book is that we have a hundred of them available for free outside Later so you can come in the in the coffee break and pick one up and I'll sign it for you and you can sell it for five dollars on eBay so What I do really is this right as a futurist. I don't predict the future. Some people can do that Alvin Toffler Arthur C. Clark Maybe Ray Kurzweil can do that. I really I observe. That's my job and China they say if you want to know about the future ask your children Because children don't have to make money. They don't have to deliver anything They can experiment right and so I observe the future I will serve all these topics around the technology manager thing and I have one sort of mentor that I like to point to right from the beginning Arthur C. Clark This is an amazing speech of Arthur C. Clark. You can guess what he's saying and this is a little bit out of sync But you can you can hear what he's saying well it would be a high-deficient TV screen and A typewriter keyboard and through this you can exchange any type of information Send messages to your friends so they can read it at not They can wait when they get up. They can see what message have come in the night. You can call in through this Any information you want airline flights price of things that are supermarket books. You've Always wanted to read news. You selectively you will say you'll tell the machine I'm interested in such and such items sports Politics of so forth and the machine will hunt the main central library and bring all this to you Selectively just what you want knowledge Amazing 1976 right so the bottom line is the key To discover in the future is to come back from the future not to go towards it And this is something that I work on so I basically look at five to seven years and then I try to apply the four sides to what we're doing today and What we're seeing of course is quite simply is the exponential scale Which is an old hat really but it bears looking at because really what's happening today is that in this exponential world We're actually at the pivot point where the takeoff point We're not in the beginning when I first got started I started the company kind of like Spotify around 2000 That was a big mistake because it didn't work because we were here in the scale All right doubling 0.01 you get 0.02 you know that's still not very much But today we're at four on the scale for 816 and so on Moore's law Metcalfe's law roughly in seven years 128 30 times up the scale 1 billion The kids of my kids will live to be 100 years old They will not know how to drive a car. They definitely won't know what a CD or DVD is They will live in a world where offline is a mental state It's not something you do for technology reasons and in this world is quite clearly. This is our main challenge Technology is exponential and we're seeing that right now what it can do because of exponential power, but humans are not We can learn you know we improve we go step by step We think linear we expect things to go step by step, but the reality is it's very hard for us to imagine even in ten years What a world could look like when eight billion people are connected to the internet Roughly eight hundred billion connected devices to the Internet of Things So this is a huge challenge because guess what of course that ultimate question is of control and the possibility of using Technology for human purposes. How do we do that? How do we do that in a world where the power is technology? And most of the tech companies on my clients I'm right in the middle of that conversation about how we can use that I mean the power used to be oil and gas nuclear maybe the military The power today is clearly data And if we're looking at the overall ranking of companies, it's all about technology social networks You know data companies. That's basically what this chart calls the age of tech And again, we're only at four We are on the exponential scale. We're going rapidly in that direction So in my book I talk about this thing called the mega shifts and when I speak to clients You always ask me about digitization, you know digital transformation. Nobody knows what that is anymore. It's like social media It's kind of a suitcase word But basically what's happening here is that these things are all floating around across each other. So digitization datafication Cocknification intelligent machines robotization This is why we use to call them the Asians because they're all in with Asian But I'll give you sort of an overview of where that's going and basically it's quite clear that the future is no longer about tomorrow It's no longer about the time frame. It's a mindset And I think right here of course in the in the Bay Area Silicon Valley in the in the wider sense, right? We have a future mindset, but living in Europe, you know, I live in Switzerland It's interesting to see that our mindset is about the present And it really needs to be about the future. That's a huge challenge for us in Europe Because now it's the other thing that's happening is not just exponential It's also combinatorial which means combining all the stuff that you read about every single day Whether it's AI the Internet of Things cloud computing Autonomous vehicles and so on it's interdependent and it's putting all the things together at the same time So the speed plus the combination of possibilities I'd you but wouldn't exist without the cloud It wouldn't exist without mobile. It wouldn't exist without virtualization and one thing adds to the other on top of it As has been said many times science fiction is becoming science fact I apologize for that if you're a scientist you may not agree But it's the stuff we talked about years ago like artificial intelligence, you know, there was several winters of AI Didn't really work didn't it overpromise nothing much happened, but all of a sudden it's actually here Language recognition natural language interfaces almost perfect computers understanding images Very soon a computer can speak back to me in the language of my wife Watch black mirror the UK series. You can see where that may be going I mean mind boggling so now the technology for example will make it possible to use any surface as a screen We'll have the first human gene therapy called Kim Ria available in the US FDA approved $475,000 for leukemia treatment. That's a gene therapy the very first one Of course, you know, it's really cheap. It's affordable to everyone but The key the key thing is of course, it's a money-back guarantee on this drug So if it doesn't work you die you get the money back, right? That's That's one of the twists of this business model Ground-pag breaking touch sensitive skin mobile devices that have the computing power of the human brain That's roughly five to seven years away The computing power This is not the overall power of the human brain, which I'll talk about shortly The internet of things of course, that's a huge financial story finally longevity I mean, how many companies do we have in the barrier that that work on the end of dying the end of death? I mean, it's a mind-boggling to see what will happen with that 70 is a new 50 Maybe in 10 years 90 is a new 60 and then you can spend 50 years in a cruise ship when you're retired But that means that we're seeing how we will fund that You know clearly I think The other challenge the technology is this, you know some of the stuff that haven't we have invented are What I call pleasure bombs, you know, they're really interesting that they increase our lives And then we have things that are also in issue in terms of control and governance artificial intelligence quantum computing human genome editing virtuality I Would say right now about 90% positive, but imagine if this grows exponentially We may live in a world in 10 years where we don't want to get up without without wearing our VR Because it would be so boring and We may not actually want to have real relationships because it's so much easier with the machine That's kind of the same way already today So we're moving into a world. That's rapidly progressing And the question is how far will we go and this is a real divide between I can see in the discussion between the US and Europe You know in Europe we're much more about the collective good and we're basically all humanists, right? That's what makes us a little bit slow Not to say that we aren't human is in the US, but how far would you take it? wearable machines Machines that are creating interfaces prosthesis, you know whether it's mental or physical and Finally the direct connection of man and machine and The singularity which would basically mean that unlimited power of technology infinite power of technology as I say in the book Humanity will change more in the next 20 years in the previous 300 years And now the key question is is that a good thing? Is it a bad thing or is it kind of both? Well, obviously it's kind of both right depending how you look at it If you have an accident you have both of your legs damaged You can get a really nice prosthesis if you have them the funds right that will actually do better amount in climbing Then your real legs But there are people who want to have their legs removed for that reason voluntarily Now this strikes me as a strange combination of technology and human aspects and We'll have lots of those challenges coming up. Here's a key question That I have for you and for myself all the time How computable are we? Are we fancy machines? Are we are we basically put together with chemistry and physics and atoms and data and are we just the same than what we create? Lots of debates about this is a key question Because the key question is how far do we go in this converges? How much do you believe in technology? Of course being here in this discussion about software, right? We believe in technology. So do I But what makes us different from technology in this future I think sometimes I think maybe we are the last unaugmented people People who live by themselves as humans without having to necessarily connect Without meaning actually what offline means So in this future We're facing this discussion every day all you have to do is open it You know whatever whatever magazine on newspaper if it should so be inclined to read a printed newspaper You see these articles all the time about how technology will basically make us unemployed And this is one of the key reasons we're seeing political activities like in Catalonia and the separate separatists and the idea of In looking at how you can deal with this in the future because people are worried about the future in general Depends where you go, but I have never seen as much concern about this topic the future of work So are we the horses of the digital age? You know years ago We used to have horses to transport things and and we still have horses some of us But we don't actually use them anymore Would that be so our destiny? I don't think so I think you know I'll show you some more examples But in general I think that machines and technology is very good at taking our tasks our routines Not our work Of course, you know if your work is primarily a routine like to check out the supermarket Or make in a hamburger at a fast food joint Then I think that is definitely a future scenario the threat of course or call centers for example So I'd like to say that basically you know this is quite clear that anything that can be digitized or automated will be Some would call that digital Darwinism I think that's a reality of looking at the slope of exponential technology today If you ask your computer parenthesis to do the bookkeeping for you You can get a fancy software. There's one called zero from New Zealand. I like a lot You know it does a pretty good job, but it's still pretty dumb. You know, it's not actually learning very much very easily But we can see where this is going five to seven years quantum computing Unlimited connectivity machines can figure out stuff They can figure out how to drive how to fly an airplane how to do bookkeeping how to write an NDA It's all within reach So the flip side is also true. This is a good part, of course Ultimately anything that cannot be digitized or automated becomes infinitely valuable It's very important when you when you're the software business, right because you're digitizing things Ultimately, these are the things that matter to people Brand trust relationship Emotions understanding and I think you know as the more of that paradox says whatever is very simple for a human is very hard for a computer and vice versa and I think that's going to be true for a long time This is why I'm not with Elon on his anxiety about AI I think we have to keep a very good eye on this, but the day that a computer can do this is far away That doesn't mean that AI couldn't be a challenge not even without doing that obviously That's the AI in the system right there protesting but You know it's quite obvious if you have kids, right? You should not let your kids learn anything that can be replaced by a machine and that is routine And if you want to create your own value as a company, that's where you create the ultimate value You have value that are of machine nature, but this on top is kind of you know, it's quite obvious that Trust isn't digital Trust can be destroyed in a digital form Happiness is not a program Relationships aren't code You can't flip this though, right? It's not that codes aren't relationships. They can be But ultimately the question is how do we combine the two How do we combine technology and humanity in such a way where we don't think of our customers as algorithms? so when we go into this future, we're looking at a Simple realization. I think one of my colleagues Locciano for really who was an AI researcher in Italy came up with this really Powerful quote that basically says that algorithms outperform humans when it is not about Understanding anything that humans understand emotional states and tensions deep semantic skills consciousness, whatever that is That's where algorithms come in I Think ultimately what we're seeing here is this is the reason for AI or rather what I call IA you know intelligent assistance Really 98% of what we're seeing today, you know when you're when you see it on the on the web people announcing that they're going to use AI They really mean IA you know intelligent assistance, you know, very fancy advanced software Google Maps great example Airbnb's algorithm for figuring out how much you should rent your house for so what we see here is that you know if you're looking what's happening in technology is Algorithms are trying to get inside of figuring out what makes us tick And some of that has been an issue lately, you know with various manipulation of media and you know a huge debate about this and How could we actually be manipulated? I mean those are big topics that are going to go in the future for a long time So the other thing that's happening here is that this issue of efficiency, right? I mean, it's interesting when we talk about software when I speak to my clients about Technology, they're primarily want to achieve what I call hyper efficiency They want to be ultimately efficient You know, of course the CFO loves efficiency The CFO is very much into you know saving of course people People in general with you know less people will be more efficient But ultimately this is the truth, you know efficiency is Really for robots right efficiency is something that we can build with machines Efficiency is important. We all love efficiency. You've seen demos earlier. That's very important But the real value of technology is not to build efficiency, but to build new things To make new things possible So we have to transcend I Mean, it's interesting when I used to be in the music business and the biggest plus of Platforms like Spotify is not Efficient delivery of music, right? It's the interface. It's the design. It's a social interaction It's the ease of use not just the efficiency. It's possible. It does new things So basically what we see here is that you know in Europe. We're having all this debate about the likes of uber and Airbnb Which I'm sure you've been tracking and it's quite clear that the future is no longer going to be about disruption The celebration of disruption has been interesting and it was a nice decade of doing that But we're now we're moving in the future where it's about construction constructing new ecosystems That's really what we want. I think if uber and Airbnb are going to be successful They will have to build ecosystems that connect to other systems And I think that's ultimately the direction that we're going with this Is this conversion of the two? So Mark and recent famously said software is eating the world 2001 and he was right Software is indeed Everywhere everywhere that used to be hardware is now software music films television books banking transportation And that has a really been an amazing ride, but what about this I? Sometimes call this software should not be cheating the world So sometimes when we have technical products and we we use that to create The Facebook type problems, you know, which means that we're essentially inside of a a filtered algorithm Then I wonder if we're getting cheated by our software This is very important that we look at this and say well, how do we prevent this? How do we figure out a way to balance those two things to go forward where it's about eating is fine, but cheating? Because you know, ultimately, this is the bottom line. I think you've heard this a million times, you know data is the new oil I've been saying that for 12 years and people used to laugh, you know, because The oil industry made about seven trillion dollars revenues per year until recently and now data is actually beyond that And as Andrew and G from Baidu said AI is the new electricity How much does data do you any good if you can't actually Use that data in a larger way to make sense out of it to use intelligence. They go hand-in-hand And this is really interesting in a way we have all these debates worldwide about data protection and all these things and of course AI and Putin the Russian Prime Minister president Prime Minister Said three weeks ago that AI whoever figures out AI first whatever he means with that is going to be the ruler of the world Of course, I suppose that means Russia But then two weeks later the Chinese said the same thing right is that they're going to be the world leader in AI And of course we've got India there too and the US We should not let this become an arms race. This will be very unwise Be a very bad idea to combine those two things in such a way where it's going to be detrimental to our future When you talk about AI, it's really not this I Mean it's interesting to see that In Europe at least many of our viewpoints are based on the sort of Hollywood picture of AI Which of course as you know is utterly distorting This is really what we're talking about intelligent assistants machines that you autonomous driving They are not human. They are not really intelligent as we are they can do lots of things But they're far away from x-machine and they're far away from other things. This is Google ends This is an intelligent system that can figure out what you're taking a photo off. I think it was just released two weeks ago So very powerful. Is that really intelligent like, you know a person looking at this picture Could realize a hundred different things in the same time and Google and says yet. It's a store Well, that's interesting and it's very useful, but it's is it truly intelligent the elevator that can think this is a Coney elevator that is connected generating data, you know, everything is now becoming smart, right? Generating data. That's also very powerful, but Here's a Chinese system of street surveillance called sense video Which obviously is intelligent, you know being able to tell her who's a bicycle or so, right? That does make a little bit worried about Would she want to go down that street and and be treated in such a way, but that's really not AI That's really just intelligent stuff. My favorite is this the artificially intelligent lawyer that the lawbot Essentially, this is an app called do not pay and you can file to protest the parking ticket or Compensation for delayed flight or to sue Equifax, right and you can do the whole thing in a bot So if you're a lawyer, you should get this a try. I think in New York They defeated already a quarter million parking tickets Using this thing, right? I mean Talking about interesting software. I mean, this is obviously kind of low-hanging fruit for airlines and hotels and travel business Very powerful things. So now we're heading into a future We sometimes jokingly call this the smart converter, right? We stick in the old industry and it comes out smart smart cities smart farming maybe even smart politics who knows unlikely in the US, but Smart health right smart insurance McKinsey says 62 trillion dollar industry the smart everything So consider yourself lucky you here now right because it's going to take 10 years to figure this out But basically what we're seeing here is this trend towards a whole bunch of things that are showing up every day Connecting everything huge exponential data And this is driving the next iteration of the web and the blockchain is a big part of that process of making everything smart and liquid So here's the bottom line about all of this stuff, you know It's really tempting to look at this and say well, you know, we can we can automate everything now because everything is smart But the key question should not just be what can be automated Well, the answer is most things probably can be automated to some degree But what should not be automated Should dating be automated I Mean it's interesting to see that people interact on those applications as if they were a bot Themselves is there something that should not be connected There's something that should remain offline. Is there any need for such a thing? I mean if you look at the financial incentives AI is the biggest financial incentive ever I Would say that's probably bigger than oil and gas and nuclear combined In fact, many people are saying the positive side of AI isn't just as big as a side of saying it could be potentially more dangerous than nuclear weapons Big question mark about how exactly that works But you see now clearly the money is humongous and if you see who is the market leader here the Top 20 companies Chinese and American companies, of course, no Swiss company here. No German company Are we going to need regulation like we did in the oil in the oil business Where would we be today if we didn't have regulation in oil and gas? You know where we're 420 p.m. If that wasn't for regulation, would it be 650? Will we already be underwater hard to say and who wants to be regulated nobody wants to be regulated So those are big issues that were coming to an end and here's the key thing, you know, we're building essentially a system That is a global brain. In fact, various tech companies have their their brain projects, right? There's like a dozen brain projects to build a replica of us Extremely powerful extremely useful, but you know quite clearly. I think in six to seven years The question is no longer going to be if technology can do something But why? Today we're sitting here and saying I can't this be done. How much is it cost? Is it efficient? You know, can it be done on that scale that that's all good But and when roughly six or seven years the question is over There's just going to be you know, why are we doing this and who's in charge and then we have systems like this, right? Amazon Echo Alexa Google Home That could be cute and interesting, but You have to ask a question. Do we really want this? Yeah, why are we doing this and what exactly is going to happen here in a system to where AI is going to whisper to us at every turn and It's interesting. You know depending on which part of the week you ask of me. I find this both exciting and superhuman and cool and convenient or The skilling and creepy and biased I mean, it's kind of a strange thing when you have these powers in front of you You don't really know what to do with it and How far will we take this? He's our cousin more famous futurist also and science fiction author said the saddest aspect of life right now That's 1988 is that science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom I think it's very much true today Because our knowledge has just gone through the roof and we're only at the beginning I Mean on a scale of innovation. We're four. So, you know 128 that's six years and 30 times up the scale. That's 50 years. That's a billion So what do we need here? What do we have to do to make this work? Take the Internet of Things I Do a lot of work with Internet of Things companies and it's quite clear Connecting everyone and everything would be phenomenal Energy savings efficiency savings smart cities smart harbors smart container ships Mind-boggling opportunity trillions of dollars We're essentially a building a meta intelligence and we're building a connected system that is intelligent talking to each other Doing things on our behalf That is kind of a brain you could say that we're formulating So there will be many questions, you know, what do we do with the information? Where does it stop? Where does it go? Who's liable? Who is accountable? Are the companies that build the system accountable or do we have the gun lobby problem right guns don't kill people people kill people The IOT doesn't kill people bad people with the IOT could kill people And so there's a lot of responsibility a lot of thinking about where this is going a lot of questions about this and Ultimately, here's the key question. You're lucky because you know, we're here in San Francisco The question is who is mission control for humanity right who controls what we can do with this How far we go? Well right now as I said you're lucky because it's being controlled here It's by and large I think most of the mechanisms of how this works are invented in Silicon Valley and to some degree in China now But the key question really is this and especially looking at AI When you look at ethical issues that used to be kind of a discussion like Sustainability, you know dinner first then ethics Now we've had dinner and now we have to think about what ethic actually is and I think it's the difference between What do you have a right or the power to do and what is the right thing to do? This is not an easy question to answer I mean ultimately a lot of things happening here. So the question is Do you agree that we must look at the? externalities, you know what happens after we do something Should they be part of the problem of the business model? What is the externality of Facebook and the US election, right? Huge debate not a similar answer, right? But are we responsible for this in a world? Well, this is the new normal That machines can do pretty much anything the unlimited power of machines approaching Not in a very far away time window Elon says there should be some regulatory oversight on an international level Interesting. Well that I would add I Think the most promising future is one where we don't hinder science and innovation But we don't dismiss the exponential risk as somebody else's business And we've been doing that We've been saying let's make it work first and then when it works then we'll worry about What can or cannot be done with it? We can no longer do that whether it's the Internet of Things or artificial intelligence or a geoengineering or solar energy or desalination of water or human genome treatments These are questions that we're going to have for a near future. So the question is how do we achieve this? Some people have suggested including myself a global digital ethics council and God, you know, that's hard to figure out. How would that work? Don't we already have the United Nations? Whatever those guys are doing Is this a utopian or is it what I call a realopia, you know kind of reality, but hard to do And would we agree on this? Ultimately, what would take with this I mean quite clearly what we see as has been pointed out many times by the singularity people Peter The amandas and many others is that we're going to a world of abundance, right? Music is abundant, films are abundant, Transportation is abundant in this town very much, right? Books are abundant Traveling has become abundant, banking will be abundant So in this world, do we really need to hang on to this economic system that only had one thing in mind I think we're moving to a new future roughly 15 or 25 years away of What's been called people-planned profit The triple bottom line that's technology forces us to think about this and In Switzerland last year, we voted on the guaranteed income Minimum income right so everybody was going to receive a mere measly $2,500 a month Every every Swiss citizen it got defeated of course right, but same discussion. Where do we go with this? I Think that's going to be an interesting question that we have to observe and Find out where that's going So bottom line is we're facing a future like that's made of those two components right technology and algorithms everywhere Any time and then we have these things that are called the andro rhythms the human things And it's hard to describe what they are, but let's look at things like mistakes inefficiency lies imagination We could easily say that humans are the most inefficient machine you can imagine If we were to do away with all the inefficiencies of humanity, we would cease to exist That's probably not something that we want because it would cease to exist who would consume all the cool stuff that we create The bots don't have to eat. They certainly don't need QA software So my pitch has always been you know, we have to really invest in both and This is going to be quite a discussion about how we can do that and where that's going I mean obviously I think the biggest challenge is not that machines will come and kill us Or that machines will take over or whatever Hollywood wants to make us believe The biggest challenge is that we become too much like the machine That we can no longer fathom that humans are actually quite different than code That we treat ourselves as if we were code or algorithms short-cutting Through each other that we believe the technology is actually human It's called anthropomorphization. That's a hugely crazy word, but we should not confuse the actual human experience with the technology simulation Simulations are great. I love you know, it's perfect to do that. But is it the real thing? It's the same as a human experience So here's some crucial new skills the world economic forum has a great chart on this We're moving from the 2015 skills, which were quite obvious then to a new chart of skills I think that's something we all need to work on and on top of that list is critical thinking creativity emotional intelligence and cognitive flexibility Emotional intelligence is actually a new thing on this list. I Think that's the future also as software companies Those are things that build relationships and trust that have very little to do with product right with algorithms And also with this right this kind of idea of saying well, you know, what actually makes me human I mean, let's let's be open and clear about this Technology will learn that half of my brain Technology will learn the logical part of my brain. It's still pretty stupid, but it's going to get there And so that part of my right brain, you know, that's really I think ultimately what we're looking at To be our future. So in summary, basically, I think that all great technology as I'm sure you're aware of is what I call hell Then you know hell and heaven. I have my Twitter hashtag for this That's not new, you know nuclear energy you could build a bomb or you can build a power plant Maybe the same thing on the end but up for discussion But technology has always done that the difference is now that technology is changing us When you connect your new neocortex to the internet You're no longer the same human You're a superhuman When you use our AR VR you get used to a different landscape around you that's changing us when you change your genes You change us we don't change this device or car or you know It's no longer on the outside So the future of live Institute Funded by Elon Musk has come up with some very interesting proposal as to how we can keep that future How do we make it humanly sustainable? I mean, that's the key question If it's not humanly sustainable, then it won't work You know, it will not be to anybody's benefit in the end first all systems have to reflect human values We shouldn't invent things that don't reflect human values There are some people inventing a machine that can give birth to babies outside of the of the womb right essentially an electronic womb Some people may think that's a good idea. I think it does not reflect human values and it certainly wouldn't strike me as such but Shared benefit and prosperity. How do we make sure the technology doesn't increase inequality? And let's be fair it has Technology has meant done many good things to solve other issues, but inequality has been increasing ecosystem thinking Building something that works with all the issues and finally Those that build it are moral stakeholders That's becoming clear now because the power of technology is exponentially larger and it actually works So let me finish by saying that you know on this trajectory of technology, you know I remember years ago Steve Jobs rest in peace every second sentence. He said when he presented right was about magic Magic this magic that and it was indeed magic and It's magic that I can send messages to my kids in Africa, you know through what's that for free and we that that's magic Right, but the bottom line is we have to make sure that we don't move on on the trajectory too far towards Manic and then ultimately toxic It appears that what happened with it with the essentially causing descent on Facebook With what happened in Russia is clearly a toxic undertaking polluting something that we rely on So we have to focus on magic discourage the manic and Band the toxic and that's not really an easy mission. I think it's something we have to look at and see what exactly that does But the bottom line is this I think for all of us that build things The question is where do you position your services? between the good part and the not so good part and Sometimes we don't do that by purpose. Obviously. It just happens. I mean basically I would say almost nobody does it by purpose But still, you know, we have to ask the question. Where do we go with this? What will it do for society not just for economy and recently? I've been discussing with some of the fellow writers like Douglas Rushkoff and others about our name our Need to stay on team human we call this basically Even if you make robots, you can be on team human You can put human first in the relationships with their customers So we have developed this little icon That we would like to suggest that you use not officially of course because you know, some people may not enjoy this icon very much But I think this is the key right when you build really amazing software put the human back in sight Don't take it out This strikes me that especially in your business That's a that's a key component of what makes a company successful is to put the human back inside So I'll leave you with a final word for my book We need to embrace technology. There's clearly no other way But we should not become it And I'm open to discussion and I look forward to some questions We're going to disseminate the PDF afterwards and of course we have a video. Thanks very much for listening