 Book III. CHAPTER XXVIII. A new life dawns for Nekladov. Nekladov did not go to bed, but went up and down his room for a long time. His business with Kutusha was at an end. He was not wanted, and this made him sad and ashamed. His other business was not only unfinished, but troubled him more than ever and demanded his activity. All this horrible evil that he had seen and learned to know lately, and especially today in that awful prison, this evil which had killed that dear Kriltsov, ruled and was triumphant, and he could foresee the possibility of conquering it or even knowing how to conquer it. Those hundreds and thousands of degraded human beings locked up in the noisome prisons by indifferent generals procuriers, inspectors, rose up in his imagination. He remembered the strange, free old man accusing the officials, and therefore considered mad. And among the corpses the beautiful weks and face of Kriltsov, who had died in anger. And again the question as to whether he was mad or those who considered they were in their right minds, while they committed all these deeds stood before him with renewed force and demanded an answer. Tired of pacing up and down, tired of thinking, he sat down on the sofa near the lamp, and mechanically opened the testament which the Englishman had given him as a remembrance, and which he had thrown on the table when he emptied his pockets on coming in. It is said one can find an answer to everything here, he thought, and opened the testament at random and began reading Matthew 18, 1 to 4. In that hour came the disciples unto Jesus saying, Who then is greatest in the kingdom of heaven? And he called to him a little child, and set him in the midst of them, and said, Verily I say unto you, accept ye turn and become as little children, ye shall in no wise enter into the kingdom of heaven. Whosoever therefore shall humble himself as this little child the same is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven? Yes, yes, that is true, he said, remembering that he had known the peace and joy of life only when he had humbled himself. And whosoever shall receive one such little child in my name receiveeth me? But whoso shall cause one of these little ones to stumble? It is more profitable for him that a great millstone should be hanged about his neck, and that he should be sunk in the depths of the sea. Matthew 18, 5 and 6. What is this for whosoever shall receive? Receive where? And what does in my name mean? he asked, feeling that these words did not tell him anything. And why the millstone round his neck and the depths of the sea? No, that is not it, it is not clear. And he remembered how more than once in his life he had taken to read in the Gospels, and how want of clearness in these passages had repulsed him. He went on to read the seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth verses, about the occasions of stumbling, and that they must come, and about punishment by casting men into hellfire, and some kind of angels who see the face of the Father in heaven. What a pity that this is so incoherent, he thought. Yet one feels that there is something good in it. For the Son of Man came to save that which was lost, he continued to read. How think ye, if any man have a hundred sheep, and one of them go astray, doth he not leave the ninety and nine, and go into the mountains and seek that which goeth astray? And if so, be that he find it. Verily I say unto you, he rejoiceeth over it more than over the ninety and nine which have not gone astray. Even so it is not the will of your Father which is in heaven that one of these little ones should perish. Yes, it is not the will of the Father that they should perish, and here they are perishing by hundreds and thousands, and there is no possibility of saving them, he thought. Then came Peter and said to him, How oft shall my brother offend me and I forgive him, until seven times? Jesus saith unto him, I say not unto thee until seven times, but until seventy times seven. Therefore is the kingdom of heaven likened unto a certain king which made of reckoning with his servants. And when he had begun to reckon one was bought unto him which owed him ten thousand talents. But for as much as he had not to wear with to pay, his Lord commanded him to be sold, and his wife and children, and all that he had, and payment to be made. The servant therefore fell down and worshipped him, saying, Lord have patience with me, I will pay thee all. And the Lord of that servant, being moved with compassion, released him and forgave him the debt. But that servant went out and found one of his fellow servants which owed him a hundred pence, and he laid hold on him, and took him by the throat, saying, Pay what thou oest. So his fellow servant fell down and besought him, saying, Have patience with me, and I will pay thee. And he would not, but went and cast him into prison till he should pay that which was due. So when his fellow servant saw what was done, they were exceeding sorry, and came and told unto their Lord all that was done. Then his Lord called him unto him, and saith to him, Thou wicked servant, I forgave thee all that debt, because thou besought me. Shouldst not thou also have mercy on thy fellow servant, as I had mercy on thee? And is this all, Necladov suddenly exclaimed aloud, and the inner voice of the whole of his being said, Yes, it is all. And it happened to Necladov, as it often happens to men who are living a spiritual life. The thought that seems strange at first and paradoxical, or even to be only a joke, being confirmed more and more often by life's experience, suddenly appeared as the simplest, truest certainty. In this way the idea that the only certain means of salvation from the terrible evil from which men were suffering, was that they should always acknowledge themselves to be sinning against God, and therefore unable to punish or correct others, because they were dear to him. It became clear to him that all the dreadful evil he had been witnessing in prisons and jails, and the quiet self-satisfaction of the perpetrators of this evil, were the consequences of men trying to do what was impossible, trying to correct evil while being evil themselves. Vicious men were trying to correct other vicious men, and thought they could do it by using mechanical means. And the only consequence of all this was that the needs and the acupidity of some men induced them to take up this so-called punishment and correction as a profession, and have themselves become utterly corrupt, and go on unceasingly depraving those whom they torment. Now he saw clearly what all the terrors he had seen came from, and what ought to be done to put a stop to them. The answer he could not find was the same that Christ gave to Peter. It was that we should forgive always an infinite number of times, because there are no men who have not sinned themselves, and therefore none can punish or correct others. But surely it cannot be so simple, thought Necladov, and yet he saw with certainty, strange as it had seemed at first, that it was not only a theoretical but also a practical solution of the question. The usual objection, what is one to do with the evil-doers, surely not let them go unpunished? No longer confused him. This objection might have a meaning if it were proved that punishment lessened crime, or improved the criminal. But when the contrary was proved, and it was evident that it was not in people's power to correct each other, the only reasonable thing to do is to leave off doing the things which are not only useless, but harmful, immoral, and cruel. For many centuries people who were considered criminals have been tortured. Well, and have they ceased to exist? No, their numbers have been increased, not alone by the criminals corrupted by punishment, but also by those lawful criminals, the judges, procuriers, magistrates, and jailers who judge and punish men. Necladov now understood that society and order in general exists not because of these lawful criminals who judge and punish others, but because in spite of men being thus depraved, they still pity and love one another. In hopes of finding a confirmation of this thought in the Gospel, Necladov began reading it from the beginning. When he had read the Sermon on the Mount, which had always touched him, he saw in it, for the first time today, not beautiful abstract thoughts, setting forth for the most part exaggerated and impossible demands, but simple, clear, practical laws. If these laws were carried out in practice, and this was quite possible, they would establish perfectly new and surprising conditions of social life in which the violence that filled Necladov with such indignation would cease of itself. Not only this, but the greatest blessing that is obtainable to men, the kingdom of heaven on earth, would be established. There were five of these laws. The first, Matthew verses 21 to 26, that man should not only do no murder, but not even be angry with his brother, should not consider anyone worthless. Raka, and if he has quarrelled with anyone, he should make it up with him before bringing his gift to God, i.e., before praying. The second, Matthew verses 27 to 32, that man should not only not commit adultery, but should not even seek for enjoyment in a woman's beauty, and if he has once come together with a woman, he should never be faithless to her. The third, Matthew verses 33 to 37, that man should never bind himself by oath. The fourth, Matthew verses 38 to 42, that man should not only not demand an eye for an eye, but, when struck on one cheek, should hold out the other, should forgive an offence, and bear it humbly, and never refuse the service others demand of him. The fifth, Matthew 43 to 48, that man should not only not hate his enemy, and not fight him, but love him, help him, serve him. Nekladov sat staring at the lamp, and his heart stood still. Recalling the monstrous confusion of the life we lead, he distinctly saw what that life could be, if men were brought up to obey these rules, and rapture, such as he had not long felt, filled his soul. Just as if, after long days of weariness and suffering, he had suddenly found ease and freedom. He did not sleep all night, and as it happens to many and many a man who reached the Gospels, he understood for the first time the full meaning of the words, read so often before, but passed by unnoticed. He imbibed all these necessary important and joyful revelations, as a sponge imbibes water, and all he read seemed so familiar, and seemed to confirm, to form into a conception, what he had known long ago, but had never realized and never quite believed. Now he realized and believed it, and not only realized and believed, that if men would obey these laws they would obtain the highest blessing they can attain to. He also realized and believed that the only duty of every man is to fulfill these laws. That in this lies the only reasonable meaning of life, that every stepping aside from these laws is a mistake which is immediately followed by retribution. This flowed from the whole of the teaching, and was most strongly and clearly illustrated in the parable of the vineyard. The husband-man imagined that the vineyard in which they were sent to work for their master was their own, that all that was in was made for them, and that their business was to enjoy life in this vineyard, forgetting the master and killing all those who reminded them of his existence. Are we not doing the same, Nettledove thought, when we imagine ourselves to be masters of our lives, and that life is given us for enjoyment? This evidently is an incongruity. We were sent here by some one's will, and for some reason, and we have concluded that we live only for our own joy, and of course we feel unhappy, as labourers do when not fulfilling their master's orders. The master's will is expressed in these commandments. If men will only fulfill these laws the kingdom of heaven will be established on earth, and men will receive the greatest good that they can attain to. Seek ye first the kingdom and his righteousness, and all these things shall be added unto you. And so here it is, the business of my life, scarcely have I finished one, and another has commenced. And the perfectly new life dawned that night for Nettledove, not because he had entered into new conditions of life, but because everything he did after that night had a new and quite different significance than before. How this new period of his life will end, time alone will prove.