 Thanks. My name is Felipe. This experiment was made only in economic students or other types of students. So I was wondering if you can tell us a little more about your contribution to the literature because at first I think you mentioned briefly that You have a different setting. It's the first one in the developing context So I was wondering how how are your results different from being in a context where you would expect People to have different preference about inequality. How do they fit in the literature? Yeah so Just replicate so this this state this is called the stakeholder the spectator design this experiment which was invented by the Norwegians and And Bertil to go then and others So just replicating the Design that was shown to produce certain results in from Norway in South Africa We think it's already a contribution because there is no reason to assume that South Africans have the same No, no, so let me conclude so the The design is the same, but they don't vary the same things They have the spectator person, which is the third party thing, but they don't change inequality They just they measure other things that they have many papers So their contribution was to show on how to estimate I didn't show this because this is a 20 minutes presentation There is a model in which essentially you're trading off fairness concern with personal utility So in our experiment the personal utility comes from the cost and the furnace is when you you know You want to split so their contribution? I think it's an AR paper actually in early 2000s The contributions listen I can estimate your individual level trade-off between fairness and personal utility and so they change they do essentially the same experiment But changing other Variables so we use the experiments or contribution one use a similar design in a developing country Contribution to varying other parameters within the same context of fairness versus personal utility So we vary the distance in the payment split Which they they don't and we vary the personal cost directly usually cost is studied as a deadweight loss in a sort of You know welfare type of thing we instead introduce it is personal loss because again We were operating in a situation in which there was a large fraction of the population very worried about losing Directly from redistribution But it's a do you know if this result that I was really interested in that the the concern of all the sources of inequality Decreases when inequality I mean increases no so the high level of inequality Basically, you don't care if that inequality is coming from one source or the other Is it a common? I mean I haven't seen it before I know it as a principle As a normative principle in the theoretical literature in the philosophical literature, but I haven't seen it in a experiment I don't do you know if they have some other evidence is just first Because I have a theoretical paper in which I propose that yes as a normative as a normative principle so as measuring Or I should quote you as a justification No, I'm just curious if there are some evidence by the Norwegian guys about these things not on this. Okay. Thank you So we don't find differences in In the redistribute with the the main variable why in their propensity to redistribute by race Meaning that the results are the same across groups whether the Yeah, well yes and no meaning that They don't know the race of the other players right they they have some priors of what those other two guys look like right? So imagine you were doing the experiment here, and you're told there is two Losander students in another room. They just finished the task Then whatever your prior or what those two students look like that's what you're gonna do, right? This is the phone telling me them. I'm down right Okay, but yeah, so we don't we don't have heterogeneity Thank you so much. I Have many comments and many questions, but I'll just stick to one to let the other speak so Your identification strategies in the spirit of bleemer So you compare your control are the ones that are not targeted by the policy And then you have a strong assumption behind which is that there are no effects on the control group, right? and I was wondering if you can check that in any way if you did any because I Think there might be a fact on these control groups, right? And then I think one way the way bleemer does it so you always interpret the results in terms of gaps So like by it reduces the gap in graduation or the gap in the labor market But it does not mean that there are no effects in the control group But I don't know and I think it would be easier to understand your findings If I think the group to focus is the group that that enters because of the quota, right? I also The public school students that entered before and then they keep like the top ones. They are still there I I mean I think that the right way to write this paper is very splitting the two the two groups of public school students the ones that Are not affected. I mean you still might expect some effect on them as you would expect an effect on the controls but the real group that is Entering because of the quotas. That's why I think you only find effects on those groups and that's I think that's what I would expect Yeah, and maybe if you have time can you clarify your last result because on the wages and on Because I think I saw something different. So starting from the Students who only entered before because of the quota policy seem to run smaller wages than those who would have entered Even without the policy because it's Patricia's question when the private school students, yeah, but but Then let me see Okay, so I have I have no Effects for the public school students because I'm comparing them To the public to to the public school students before the quota policy I Have the control group which is the the the private schools But they are constant on time Right, they're there unless in relation to the quota the non quota students and two quota students who only entered because the would have entered Even without the policy because I find no effect for them Right, the red is the quota students who would have entered Ufba even without the policy I can write the equation down for our fault. Okay. Okay. Okay Okay, sure and then when I You said that maybe the the private school students are like changing their behavior so We have some descriptive analysis that we do an unconditional different diff on students characteristics and we find no difference for the Non quota students before and after the quota only the only thing we find is on Wages like wages parents income according to minimum wage in minimum wage Intervals but then in this period in Brazil, we have a huge increase in real minimum wage So we see a decrease in the in the interval. So I think Yeah Okay, I mean So you think I wouldn't sell us as that yeah, it's a differential impact and not okay. Okay. Okay. Sure and basically with This group is basically a placebo right because if we did find evidence of Impacts for this group. Maybe we also would have impact for the non quota group So it's it works as kind of a placebo But I agree with you that we should expect that all of the of the effects that we find would be in the Group that only entered a higher higher education because of the policy And it's what we find in the paper Have three more minutes of questions. I have one them so that they the quarter actually I mean Public school is students with the quarter Have lower wages and also stay longer in college because they have to repeat. No, they had to retake the Okay, okay, but how about the wages because I didn't understand so the wages yes Okay Excompatients and the other group okay Yes, no el hecho de tener el apreciación de todos no haría los resultados más robustos muchas gracias The question is about what you showed in this is light only two groups and not all of them And these are the results of significance a significant Transfers or relocation in this transfer for trust and the dictator came and also relocation for the reference institution game for these groups Robots to the robustness checks, but in general those who were not significant were positive and what we but So as I didn't explain the game But this is what we have When it was locked we have this the the participant the observer have to make seven decisions it was poor poor when they it was internally displaced versus poor and that's a well I say no is because They in order to avoid confounding effects Here the participant it was any citizen from the sample and had two characteristics that were fixed So it was the this this player to was low socioeconomic status Low level of education and these was what the characteristics that we were changing so we didn't Enhance what we wanted to see right That's the So that's why we have these pairs And what I showed are those who were significantly with a sizable effect any So You had 900 people They watch a video. Where are they? And then they do some games right after watching the video and Then you link to the World Valley Survey. So that's I don't know how you do that by the way And then so I get let's just stay on the games where they are how long after and so on These are the procedures. He was an okay pandemic So we couldn't do fieldwork like In person so we managed to have access to the World Valley Survey panel in Colombia and from there we sampled 900 people and These participants took the make the so the video online They entered they were paid if they were there all the time and answer everything So we guarantee that they saw the video then answer the questions play the games and one week later They received their payment They were very sure see that actually and after that once they receive we got their decisions We also we matched them with the decisions of the ex-combatants and the migrants who actually who played who were there? And they received their pain their payment too so it was a synchronous Matching when we were Implement a conducting the experiment That's one of the advances that I didn't I actually didn't mention but then The Santiago who is the cognitive scientist is so happy because he worked so hard in order to get these in Tablets, I mean the same idea and feasible for the finger movement tracking Tablet mobile computer any it was the same and it was used Their own Yes, no. Oh, well, yes. Yes But they are belong already to the panel so they have they know already how it works We were assured that they never participated before in unexplained and I started relating migrants but any Okay Well, I think that that's They knew they had to do it in the same straight Do you have any heterogeneity by How many people like how many bike migrants are in my neighborhood or how many it is to see if like that Yeah exposure to them like makes you No, we have a regional this these are these are representatives on political regional level We have their city when they were born and we also have where they live but and we have where they took the What where was the place I mean the Coordinates of where they were but we cannot relate. I mean it will be we will need to Struct better to see if we can relate that in terms of exposure But we did ask them if they were in contact or if they had an experience direct experience with Actually with an ex-combatant or with a migrant And Well, we control for that but no actually actually no and there were very few and is understandable I mean it was direct contact So there is whatever the participant interprets in terms of direct contact and still the the video as it is structured is with people that were in very close contact with the In group with the out group member that means that For the participant receiving information in the video about Another Colombian that actually that did have direct contact will will have informed somehow The participant about the closeness or the ability to integrate for of the of the in group member Yes, sorry. Oh, yes Sure, we're happy to do that This is the panel there This is the the whole sample of the tools that we used The these are the the humanization Plot on the humanization and the feeling thermometer is what I was saying is the closest to what we call emotions in economics Meta the humanization is first-order reliefs in terms of the humanization is like The humanization is thinking is on the participant and I say In which category I see I consider where I perceive the out group member and These very aggressive image is actually very well is very well validated all over the world with many many intergroup conflicts And it was one of the main points in our video Also, what we have is a direct empathy. No, it's not sorry my ability was also key for the video and willingness to be to integrate and the ability to integrate so what we have here is the measures that we use in this in the Survey postgame survey to see if actually this did happen. It was an improvement of that and we found it and What we've flattened the humanization is our district for characteristics a degree is a like her scale of the degree of How I perceive the other? The feeling thermometer is a measure of warmth a Meta these meta perceptions are related to the perceptions that The other things about me Collective blame is how the odd group member feels Guilt about what it has done for migrants is or the situation for the migrants was not the case But it is very important for ex-combatants to have information about that Direct empathy is the family-related situations or Very direct contact if I if the person the participant considers a threat when interacts with a Out-group member These are unhypothetical situation of hiring Which is for some psychologists a behavioral measure, but I already convinced my colleagues that no My ability as I just described it already and an exposure to violence Very expensive, but extents Yes Yes Well here there the exchange rate help a lot. Oh, no, this is yes. Well, this is part of a we use it as a control too But it know this is a actually a survey measure in terms of a no perceptions or psychological attitudes but If I have been exposed for example to in Colombia ex-combatants to know how it works the dynamics between the my relationship with his combatants Is a if I be not a big team of conflict of is someone in my family has been a direct big team of conflict Thank you Well about us all we have questions about exposure to violence in general because when you are exposed to violence You trust less in general So you it's a mechanism for self-protection that you don't trust anyone So it's very important to know if you have been you have suffered or not in order to trust Thank you