 Okay, so I think that the content that you shared with us, Steven, at the beginning, is also applicable for us in Latin America, you know. So we are seeing how the movement of impact investing, understanding this term in a broader sense, you know, so investing with impact and investing for impact is gaining momentum in the region. So we are seeing how philanthropists are keen how to explore ways in with their actions and grant resources create more profound and lasting impact. So our perspective from that impact is how we can promote a more catalytic aim, how we can play a catalytic role for philanthropy, and how we can bring in this the silos building a wardeners fostering new policies and taking risks that investors are not ready to take and how we can promote more testing on improving potential impact business models, how we can support social enterprises that are in the early startup stages. And it's what we call a following the the EPA terminology investing for impact now so it is all about it is all about social investment that prioritizes in impact of our financial returns. So the idea is that how we can promote in a better way, eventually land to be investing for impact in order to address the capital gap of social purpose conversations that have a highest potential to create social environmental impact. So Latin Pacto is an ancient network we established Latin Pacto this year. And we are seeing that, for example, we will see Europe is a region but when we call Latin America is actually it's not a real region we are not well connected in the countries, we are not integrated each other, it would have a infrastructure and trade and even less in terms of the social investment ecosystem so there is a huge opportunity to connect social investors from Mexico to the Patagonia to provide the opportunity of exchange knowledge, best practices and valuable connections to peers with the advantage of sharing the same language. It is an advantage that we have if you compare with other regions with Asia, even with Europe and Africa, we have two languages actually, Spanish and Portuguese. So I think it's an opportunity to be connected with you, with the largest global social investors community that you are gathering from EDPA, ADPN plus the African network and we are seeing a lot of opportunities of working together. So it is just the beginning and we need to see how this moment in the middle of the pandemic is an opportunity, how we can enhance the ability for social investors to realize their own goals and how we can increase impact. So it's just to mention how we are working, how we want to encourage social investors across the region and how we can find more potential partners and opportunities to invest in Latin America. So it is my perspective of how the importance of working together with you guys and I think we can create a lot of changes and impact as well. So Fran, could you share with us your perspective from Africa? Yeah, so first of all, thank you for having me to join us today. Africa has had a very strong connection with the global north for many years and it stretches back not necessarily through good history but from colonial days and a lot of Africans and trade happened across the north and south and through the last 67 years there's been strong connections between Africa and Europe and Africa and North America too. And I think as people have sought social impact on the world, the unique talents of social investors who are attracted to challenges basically draws them to Africa and Africa is a strong place for anyone who wants to create global impacts to come and play. There's no better sandbox in the world you'll find than in Africa. And what you find is there is a huge synergy between the passion and resources coming from the north to the commitments of Africans to want to improve their own lives and create a better future for themselves and their kids. So we've seen, for example, a history of strong private sector presence of European investors in Africa. So a lot of pharmaceutical companies, we have more European companies than we have American companies, for example, but also from a capital flow perspective, we see a lot of the DFI's and the aid coming to Africa has had a strong flow from Europe. And the question is, you know, how do we make sure we harness this going forward? And if you look at the biggest challenge we face at the moment in Africa, it's one of how do you plug the social financing up on the continent? So Africa needs between $500 billion to $1.2 trillion annually to close this SDG financing up. And traditionally we've dependent on aid and, you know, government funding through tax to plug those holes, but the reality that aid is reducing at the moment on a per capita level and our governments are really stretched from a resource perspective. So this is really called for a rethink and rebooting of how we find non-social investments in Africa. And a lot of the models we are learning from are coming from, you know, Asia and Europe in many ways. And we are still a bit far behind as a continent when it comes to impact investing and fundamentally the main reason is not only the lack of capital, but also the lack of know how amongst African social investors. So you might be surprised to know that the whole continent of Africa has only one institution that has any semblance of an innovative financing program. So if you want to do anything in innovative financing in Africa by an African institution, your only option is the University of Cape Town. So those are some of the things that AVP is trying to do is address that lack of capacity and competence amongst African social investors by providing a platform where they can collaborate with each other, but also connect through our system networks that Stephen is running in Europe and Carolina in Latin America and Asia. So we can transfer lessons and open up opportunities for co-investment. But there's a really phenomenal opportunity right now for people to not only come to Africa to test their models. So, you know, as you all know, Africa is a birthplace for mobile money and things like drone transportation of blood. So we have great opportunities due to the challenges we face, but also we have a lot of talent in Africa that's willing to be part of the solution to the future and shaping the future of Africa. So we'll be looking forward to supporting that network as the AVPA and we have some exciting things we'll bring up in the next couple of months. Thank you. I don't think that the diners video is ready. Send me a message. Do you want to try again? I'm hearing me now. Okay, so welcome. Glad I could join you all. I assume now you've heard from Carolina as well as Frank. Is that correct? And myself already Paul as well. Okay. So next then we want to hear from Nina Batra. So Nina is the chair and CEO of the Asia network. And the questions to the what's unique about AVPN so the Asian network that Nina runs is that it actually straddles the global north and the south. And so there's, as you all know, I mean, there's just an immense geography there. And for it AVPN is almost 10 years now, they have actively engaged social investors that are from countries that are among the world's richest, as well as among the world's poorest. And they've done that within the context of one of one network. So the question for Nina really is so Nina then as you reflect on the experience of AVPN, what are the key lessons that you look to do that relate to the experience you have had in creating this this interchange and collaboration between investors from totally different contexts. And then also as you reflect on that how do you see that applying to the global consortium that we're developing now. And so Nina will appear through the miracle of video. All for those questions. In response to your first question. I believe that it is very important for us to know the landscape well. Each market in Asia is growing unevenly. So we at AVPN did a landscape analysis across 14 markets to rate their maturity with respect to social investment from early stage to mature based on a few factors. The presence contribution and maturity of all actors in the ecosystem, including government investors intermediaries and nonprofit organizations. We found that this analysis helped our members tremendously. As the landscape can became the baseline for them to assess the markets development challenges attractiveness and opportunities for investment, along with legislative influence and recent trends. We also made it easier for our members to compare the markets based on various considerations so that they could make more informed decisions. There is a growing culture of cross border giving in Asia. And having these insights have been extremely useful for our members as they decide to move capital from the more established economies like Japan or Korea to economies that are still sort of, you know, maturing or in a phase of economic development like Indonesia, Vietnam, Philippines. It's also important, I believe, to have boots on the ground upon knowing the nuances across the different markets. The next challenge is finding the right partner and scale your impact. There is no one size that fits all solution when you have to address local challenges. So boots on the ground are critical in advising the efficacy of an impact solution. And that's where I believe the power of networks come in. Networks play the role of an ecosystem builder by providing an infrastructure or, you know, a kind of foundation to connect new entrants with seasoned practitioners who can then learn best practices from each other. They also help to facilitate multi sector partnerships and encourage innovative solutions that oftentimes come from unlikely allies. We also find that networks like AVPN introduce local market intermediaries to funders and resource providers from different countries and different markets who can provide advisory services and add the most important content to how they can adapt global solutions to the local market. The third thing that I think is important is to nurture a learning community. The learning never stops, especially when leading a network. We must be a few steps ahead of our members to ensure that they are receiving the best services from us. It is important to meet everyone where they are, and so we have launched recently two fellowships. One is an impact investing fellowship, and the other one is a leadership fellowship. These are looking to support asset owners and wealth managers to build an impact driven portfolio, you know, across the continuum of capital. At the same time, we also have the AVPN Academy, which encourages practitioners from across the continuum to share their insights and case studies to better equip newer social investors. Members finally must feel a sense of ownership in their network to contribute resources and be empowered. I believe that as global challenges become more interconnected and complex, there's no way any single organization, government or network can work alone. We need to harness the strength of being the network of networks, but we know that collaboration is not easy. So it is important that we build up a systems level framework. We build up trust and accountability to bring multi stakeholders effectively together. Why I think we are at an advantage to do this is because I think the four RMAs effectively share the same DNA and the same purpose, which can be an important first step in building collaboration and building a strong partnership amongst the four regional associations to deliver what I would believe is a global proposition. Finally, I think what sets this group apart is what I mentioned in my first part of my answer is that all these four networks are distinctly connected on the ground in the geographies where they operate. So they have boots on the ground and together they can form a very, very vital global framework. So thank you, Naina. Reflecting on that, what I'd like to start, and actually I need a question here too. So could somebody tell me where we are in terms of the time period for the session? We have 30 minutes. I'm sorry, we have 30 more minutes. Is that right? Okay, good, good. So what we're going to do now is let's say 15 minutes of moderated discussion just amongst the speakers. And then we definitely want to open it up for questions from the audience, which we will do moderated through our partner, Alan. But where I'd like to start is since the three of you have already spoken to your own particular issues, reflecting on what Naina was just saying about the kind of the key lessons that AVPN has learned in trying to facilitate this cross-culture, cross-economic collaboration. So she highlighted the importance of knowing the landscape and being able to provide information, building a culture of cross-border giving, and then also the importance of having shared DNA among these networks that actually involves boots on the ground. So this is not all three of the networks represented here are not just like conceptual, you know, what's impact, what's capital, capital. It's about really driving investors to action. So as you reflect on those factors that Naina was highlighting, what I'd like to hear any of the three of you actually address your interpretation of those factors as applied to the grand global consortium that we're in the process of trying to build now. Yes, for example, in our case that we're an asset network in Latin America, we are seeing a lot of opportunities, you know, connecting with the existing networks with Europe and Asia. And it is true that Naina mentioned that we are sharing the same DNA. So how we can improve these connections, these lesson learners, and how we can connect also the peers in Latin America. So how we can adapt this knowledge into Latin America is how we are promoting these initiatives, taking to a bandage, the lessons learned from our system networks. And now is how we can connect in a better way, the investors across the globe, because we are seeing with the COVID that the needs is not only happening in one region or one specific country. We are sharing the same challenges right now. So if we can learn, we can leverage our connections and also how we can improve and mobilize more capitals and more capital towards impact. If I can add to that, Paul, I could see benefits on three levels. The first level is where as coming together as Naina was saying, we can bring direct benefit for our members, all of our members that have cross regional aspiration. It's both on coordination of cross regional flows and interchanging information. It's running global programs that could benefit not only on COVID but on other programs as well, where we have indeed the local kind of sensitivities but run it as global programs. These are benefits that can come directly to our members, but there are a couple of other benefits. I think that impact is at the heart now of many discussions, whether it's government, whether it's mainstream investors, whether it's large corporations, they all talk about impact. What is very specific about the VPSI and the invest for impact community is that they start from the beneficiary that they start from the impact. And in order to preserve that impact lens, it is crucial that other global players like corporates like the United Nations, like mainstream investors also have this voice around the table. So coming together as different RMAs and joining forces will also give us one face and one voice to make sure that impact is front and center in the broader dialogue with all the other stakeholders. And that's crucial to preserve that kind of perspectives. So Frank, if I could go back to you, there was one particular aspect that Naina mentioned that seems especially relevant to Africa as a potential barrier, which would be the creation of a culture of cross-border giving. So could you speak to that and maybe where kind of the state of Africa philanthropy and impact investing and how you feel that AVPA may be able to influence that? Africa comes with this complexity of being 54 countries with multiple languages, different people and all that kind of stuff. But nonetheless, I think there's an underlying kind of very thread that goes through Africans and that's the need and passion for helping each other is very common. But nonetheless, I think I want to echo what Naina said around first of all understanding the problem we're trying to solve and what you're trying to deal with. And to that end, I think we need to be careful that we don't treat African countries as one big country, they're all very, very different. So very important that we try and understand the uniqueness of the big markets and recognizing that there's a couple of markets that are influential at a regional level and they tend to shape how those regions behave. And we're seeing Africans recognizing that the nature of our diversity of number of countries has also worked against us. So the free trade agreement, for example, is one attempt at trying to make sure that movement of resources, capital and trade in Africa is made easier. And I see that will become even more seamless when we look at other downstream benefits of things like philanthropy happening across. And the other thing that we're seeing that's happening at a cross border level driven mainly by corporate multinationals in nature on the African continent is their foundations tend to work across multiple countries. So whether you're looking at the Coca-Cola Africa Foundation, for example, and a couple of others, they will tend to work across multiple countries. But still in that context, I think those players struggle with having that network which they can plug into with other local players to really maximize their impact and that ability to connect with local people, understand local circumstances at a country level and bring in your expertise, but also learn from them under the same time be open to understanding perspective from other parts of the world is lacking. And that's where MVP is trying to plug the hole is to bring that opportunity for these investors to collaborate, but also the different types of investors because we know right now that we don't have enough money in the social space in Africa. So we need to see how we can bring private sector capital into the social sector. So how do we bring this together? What we call the continuum of capital. So grant makers, debt providers and equity to for greater collaboration. So that's kind of where we're doing. And I'm glad to say that Africa has also just finished our landscape study, which will be out in the next two weeks. So anyone who's listening and keen to hear from us, please get in touch. So, Steven question for you that builds on what Frank was just saying about the Frank having mentioned specifically multinational corporations and the potentially distinctive role that they have in Africa, especially I would I guess I would add in the in the absence of what is now truly a robust kind of philanthropic private philanthropic sector. You've done quite a lot of work with corporations in the context of their giving well beyond social responsibility. So could you please address just your your thinking on the corporate sector and the opportunity that they provide based in Europe on your experience in in Europe but also then as extended to this global community. Yeah, thank you. Of course, as I said in the beginning, social innovation very often is a very local thing. So we need many local players to address those social issues. But there are also issues which are much more on a global level and there are actors on a global level and I think out of whether we take government the social sector and the corporate space I think the corporate space is the most globalized space of all. And hence what we see is when we started to develop a corporate program in Europe, that we were investigated how corporate through corporate giving to their corporate foundation to their corporate impact funds could design and define a holistic impact strategy all geared towards purpose. Sorry. No, this. Yeah. And very soon when we entered the discussion of how could a company that's trying to journey towards an inclusive business, how a corporate foundation which is traveling the journey towards venture philanthropy and social investing. So how could they come together into this joint idea of purpose, we quickly kind of bumped into the barrier that companies like a similar. They're all over the space. They even clearly stated to us. Yes, we might have been French from origin but we are now far more active working with the BOP in Asia. Other companies like CMA they're active in Latin America. Also, those global companies, if they're serious about their impact footprint, they want to have a coherent picture and a concise strategy. And that's where as one of the most globalized actors dealing with impact. I think that if we can provide also this corporate landscape, a good journey on their global way towards impact as some of our mace that we could accelerate. Let's say the needle towards more impact altogether. Yeah, thank you. I'd like to change speeds a little bit here and think about more directly catalytic capital and especially venture philanthropy as an element of catalytic capital. You know, the fact is that, well, all of these networks address a wide range of social investors. The roots of this particular model are in in venture philanthropy and venture philanthropists. Of course, like conventional philanthropists or strategic philanthropists are investors who for the most part are ready to lose all their money in order to advance a particular social purpose, which puts them in a very, very special category of deployment of capital. And I think it's fair to say that in some respects as the impact investment movement has grown to some degree philanthropists or venture philanthropists have taken sort of a backseat in terms of the prestige and certainly the attention and excitement and that sort of thing. But what we are now finding is that philanthropists or venture philanthropists who are truly ready to lose their money in order to make things happen that could not happen with a for profit model are actually now represent among the most valuable capital in the entire social landscape. So in that context, I'd like to hear any of you maybe Carolinas is starting with you since you your turn in a sense, but any of you really to think about the distinctive role now that venture philanthropy can play in the context of developing deals as part of a, you know, a truly catalytic capital or blended capital approach to the developing extraordinary opportunities. Yes. So, so thank you for for this question I think it's really important to see that. And I would prefer to talk about the how we can integrate the continent of capital is how we're integrating the traditional philanthropists with a social invest with the impact investing market and this is how we can connect both worlds and how we are applying a more strategic approaches to to deploy your capital know without with an impact first approach. So it's something that we want to connect and we are seeing a lot of philanthropists right now that with the pandemic that they are seeing okay how can I deploy my capital in a more strategic way. And we are seeing that the approach of investing for impact or venture philanthropy is the way that we can, we can, we can, we can share with them, and is the way that we how we can connect, and how we can understand that it's not only just giving financial resources is not only giving grants is how you can connect with non financial support is how you can measure your impact as well. We are seeing that the three elements of venture philanthropy that is is a giving financial resources is not is giving non financial resources and is is measurement your, your, your, your impact is the way that you can, you can really create an impact. So, we are seeing right now with the pandemic, a lot of opportunities to continue teaching with that is because we are promoting with the four networks different trainings, and it's how we can connect in this philanthropy is because it's the way that they can, they can be connected and I'm seeing one of the questions here in the chat, that is, what I can see this, what I can find all these deals that has happened is how I can connect with my peers. So it is something that we are doing with our networks is, is improving. For example, Asia, they already have the real short platform is something that is Africa is is trying to implement a pilot. And we're also trying to create the same connections with with with Latin America, we cannot continue working in an isolated way we need to be connected and and applying the best tools to have a more strategic approach and create impact. Great, thank you Carolina would either of you'd like to address that to before we go to the audience Q&A. Stephen or Frank. I just want to reemphasize what I said before. Because impact is becoming such an important topic which is discussed worldwide. I just elaborated a bit that corporates many of them or globalized mainstream capital is globalized money goes in seconds throughout the world. So in this entire impact discussion, we don't keep this angle of venture philanthropy and investing for impact. We might pollute and might kind of confuse as well. The whole narrative so I think it is important that, yeah, in this global narrative, the voice of investors for impact is clearly heard and sits around the table. Frank. Yeah, I think for me, I say the philanthropists or venture philanthropists are the bridesmaids in the equations to save Africa in many ways. If you've got to crowd in private sector capital because we haven't we don't have enough social sector capital. We need the philanthropists to view their role differently. We need them to think differently about how they deploy capital. They diversify into catalytic capital investments away from being traditional philanthropists. And I think that that will make a big difference for us to be able to tap into the $250 million, $150 million, trillion dollar capital markets for additional capital. So I'm hoping that one of the things that AVP will be doing is to work to with them, the philanthropists to see how we can help them diversify the investment, become more catalytic capital and doesn't doesn't mean that they abandon their, their grant or diversification where necessary, but it's about diversification and investor alongside other mainstream partners. So we'll be looking to do that. But also as Karina mentioned our deal share platform which will also be piloting in about seven to 10 days will help make that blending of capital more possible and a lot more seamless. So we are going to be offering opportunities for providers of the various types of capital from debt, equity and grants to collaborate around specific deals because we know at certain point grads are more suitable and that others mainstream capital works better. So they're all these things we're hoping to do and help them make better decisions in supporting the flow of capital into Africa. Well with that, why don't we make the transition then to taking questions from the audience. And I'll ask Alan to, to suggest to us a particular question that he has found especially interesting. Hi Paul, yes, chat is asking, and, or he's noting that funding options are very disorganized and even hard to find in the south. So he wonders what's your, or what are the panelists opinion about centralized information for finding funding sources and streaming streaming application process. So something we are talking about with a, with the deal share platform is how we are sharing, and we are gathering all this information, how we're connecting the four enemies, the Europe, Asia, Africa, Latin America. So I think it's the best way to connect because we have a lot of that right now. But we don't have a plan for example in the case of Latin America, we don't have any platform yet that connect social investors. We have a lot of networks connecting entrepreneurs and people asking for money, but we have yet a place that a marketplace for investors. Yeah, that's an excellent distinction Carolina and Frank, would you like to elaborate on that because Africa is preparing within the next couple of weeks to actually launch its deal player deal share platform. Yeah, Paul, I think, I think the, that that's a very important thing is, is, is the platforms want to not just connect with investors but help them grow and learn and move best practice across because one of the most frustrating things, is operating in Africa that in many cases we are solving the same problems across borders, and we are reinventing the wheel repeatedly, and not looking to also think about scaling some of our, our solutions beyond one country so they can be bigger and attract more capital. And so, so what will the deal share platform will enable to happen in Africa is not only support the whole value chain of potential deals from early stage, where they may require more higher risk capital like grants to, to, you know, both investments to scale scale opportunities, but also try and look at how we can support some of these investors think beyond the single small market countries, and in so doing we can build bigger investment opportunities that there are more Pan-African, and that can then in days to come really become Pan-African conglomerates in many ways, many ways. So, so this is the kind of stuff we're hoping to create. Great, thank you. Alan, next. Please wants to know how venture philanthropy should and should not work alongside other forms of catalytical capital. So Stephen, do you want to take them on. Yeah, it's quite a difficult one because then we go a little bit into definitions of catalytic capital and venture philanthropy. What do you think, Paul, should we enter that discussion or. I mean, what what what actually occurs to me is as a just a starting point in that, in that, that dialogue is really thinking about what uniquely philanthropic capital can do, because there are some things. There are some places, some ways that it can displace for profit capital, and which is not productive or where it can complicate for profit capital markets, which is not productive. But there are other some other instance of other types of applications for which it is absolutely unique addressing problems that don't have a efficacious revenue model or addressing super early stage investments that that can't attract for profit venture capital because the rates of return will never be, you know, in line with the risk profile, etc, etc. So that's, that's what occurs. That's what occurs to me. I mean, any other thoughts, thoughts on that. That's what I read into that question. I think it's an issue of if you think about structuring the right capital at the right time of an investment. And how do you use, for example, philanthropic capital to prove concepts and prove solutions when the risk for failure is very, very high. And how do you deliberately tie that, that application of philanthropic capital to the next level of patient capital investor, the following investor. And I think that's kind of how we need to think of because there are times when, you know, it's high risk you as a philanthropist you as you think about building and supporting social solutions to come to life, that you will be capital as grants knowing you might not get it back. But also, we know increasingly that there are options of you deploying it as convertible grants were possible. But plugging into knowing when, when, when is the right time for you to just give a grant and not expect any, any fall on capital, or when, when do you provide a grant, and you are connected like on a network that all of us are sitting on right now to the next level of investors who can provide the next level of commercial capital to then bring the real sustainable value from the investment you've made. And I think that's very, that's very possible based on not we, we, we on this platform are able to bring to the ecosystem. Thank you. Alan, next. Felipe Gomez is wondering if retail investors could play a bigger role in bringing more money going forward. I think so. Yes, but I'm currently involved in trying to make sure that when retail investors of course still today retail investors and even consumers still represent a big part of the investment pie. And what is lacking is the transparency and the credibility that if they go for a certain investment or a certain SPO, and it's still small scale, you can't do the property diligence, you can't do the proper follow up and so on and so forth. So a more transparent setting where we built system where retailers can come and retail investors can come and credibly invest in areas where impact is also part of the game will need much better. And I would say checks and balances on the investment or investee level. And that's where even in a European setting UK is big time trying to bring retail investors on board, but we need a bit more checks and balances and transparency and when to impact is is delivered. Alan, next. The last question we have is about measuring social impact. And so the question Lena makes makes is how we can build a common framework about impact to make it easier for investors and other stakeholders. A bit from what I see in Africa. I think this is still a space that requires some work. Steven has probably done a bit more than the rest of us in Europe based on just creating some framework but I know in Africa we still have a long way to go to create frameworks that standardize impact measurement and create a common language amongst the social investors ecosystem. So it's something that we will also be looking to learn from Steven and then talking the north to see what what can we take and translate to start that would work in Africa as we support local innovators who are also trying to come up with similar things here. Just recently we were involved with an organization called Impact Alliance. They have a tool called ICF, which is used by fund managers to classify the total impact of the fund. And so as an investor you can you can choose the fund manager based on whether it's fund is classified as A, B or C or with A being a very socially responsible fund. But I think for us we have quite a way to do that. Yes, but Frank, I think that in my perspective is what I think is that I think that we have a lot of very good methodologies right now to measure impact. So I would prefer not, I think our role or my role is from that impact is how we can promote these methodologies is not having a single framework is how we can promote any specific different methodologies to measure impact but I think there is a lot of good methodologies right now. And actually, in SoCAP they are presenting different methodologies. So is the way how we can promote measurement impact instead of saying, okay, this is the methodology that we will adapt because there are different perspectives and different investors. I don't know, Steven, what is your point of view? Yeah, very quickly or learning as investors for impact is that measurement is not even half of the pie. It's the impact management to which is very more very much important because being investors for impact you're close to the beneficiaries you have to be agile. It's about social innovation. So spending a lot of time and rigor to impact measurement will not bring you there. So as investors with impact, which is a different class you need on this transactional based very rigorous and transparent metrics that as investors for impact, impact management is definitely more than half of the effort. So I don't know if we are being held to the initial schedule, but we have hit the scheduled end of this session. But before we go, the first and most important thing I want to say is that to my understanding we do not get cut off. So if any of you would like to continue to ask questions, then we are happy to, you know, to accommodate you because this is what we do. And this is what we care about. And we're very excited about, you know, the opportunity that we feel we have to leverage all of these networks to, you know, to truly create a global community. I would also just like for the record just to, you know, apologize for the dysfunctionality created by the technical problems, especially to the to any extent towards the unique problems I was experiencing complicated the session. But I certainly hope all of you through the resilience of our panel have been able to, you know, get a good sense of what this this movement is all about. So that if you need to go. Thank you very much and we look forward to to engaging with you through whatever, you know, process makes sense, especially as it serves your needs, we will be here in whatever continent. You operate either because that's where you are or where you want to invest. But again, if for any of you who want to continue to ask questions, then we will continue to answer them. So thank you all very, very much. So, Alan, are we are we still getting some some questions here. It's very odd not to be able to have any sense of the audience, but not at the moment. They can even request being on camera. And we also invite them to do it on the top right. If you want to speak directly to one of the panelists. If then if if we're not getting any more questions then I would just invite our panelists to make any closing comments that any of the three of you would like to make and then we'll see if we get any. Any further comments. Carolina. Actually, we'll have more questions but I just want to say that the good thing that I want to highlight as we are here at the network so it is a movement that will continue. We are improving our connections our ways of collaborations with the four MAs and with our networks across the globe. So how we can improve the impact I think this is our mission and we want to work together with all the participants as part of this, this community of improving impact. Yeah. Including remark maybe from my side we've come a long way, and it's normal. You have to first grow your own network and feel comfortable and kind of deal with your problems on the ground, which is the most important thing. The time has come that we feel confident and that we are maturing and that more and more members are asking to speak up and to get organized on a global level. So time is right to move forward. Yeah, thank you Frank. And just from my side, I think, I think the last couple of years with the world has learned some harsh lessons that we don't we no longer have regional problems, all our problems are global. And COVID being one of them the refugee crisis in Europe being another. So we have to work collaboratively as a global system ecosystem of social investors to transfer this problem at root cause wherever we can. And this takes us to have close collaborations across regions with having one lens and one eye on the global issues with another with tight feet on the ground to be able to implement locally. And I think this is what we're trying to achieve with these four networks that cover the world at scale. So we're very happy. Thank you for joining us and hoping you'll find a partner in either all of us or one of us for sure. Great. Well, that's a pretty good wrap up, I think for the whole session. So again, thank you all out there wherever you are, and whatever you're interested in. The final thing I would just emphasize about all of these networks is that if it was not already apparent, they are they have no agenda other than to serve social investors and to help make social investors more effective in achieving the aspirations that all of you have for yourselves and for your own philanthropy and for your own investment. There's no separate agenda other than to help you work together to make the world a better place. So thank you all for your time and enjoy the rest of the conference. Thank you all. Take care. Thank you. Thank you, Steven Frank. Thank you. Bye.