 All right, we're gonna go ahead and get started. I'd like to thank your friend who's joining us today. Welcome to today's CNCF webinar, CKAD, and caring to community program manager at Microsoft and CNCF ambassador. I'll be moderating today's webinar and we'd like to welcome our presenter today, Chris Jons, cloud strategist at level 25. And just before we get started, a few housekeeping items. During the webinar, you are not able to talk as an attendee. There is a Q&A box at the bottom of your screen. Please fill in to drop in your questions and we'll go through as many as we can. This is an official webinar of the CNCF and as such is subject to the CNCF Code of Conduct. Please do not add anything to the chat or questions that would be in violation of the Code of Conduct. Basically, please be respectful of all your fellow participants and presenters. Please also note that the recording and slides will be posted later today to the CNCF webinar page at www.CNCF.io slash webinars. And with that, I will hand it over to Chris to kick off today's presentation. Thank you so much, Karen. It's a pleasure and welcome everyone. This is gonna be a little bit different of a webinar simply because first of all, I don't really have to sell you anything. This is just gonna be a fun experience. Also, please do use the chat. So maybe one question upfront. Do you plan to take one of these certifications in the new future or is it really something about your teams that you're interested in? So feel free to put that into the chat while I present myself a little bit. My name is Christian Jans, or Jans, however you pronounce that. It's a very German name in that sense. I'm a CNCF ambassador and I founded my own consulting company in that sense. I think I started doing that in 2013. I did the CKA almost three years ago. I redid it like, I think it was two or three weeks ago to really get a feeling for the new version. I also do the CKAD for a while now. In the Kubernetes project, I do a lot in K-Opps. So I'm one of the maintainers. I also did contribute to Zik Release in 114. Sadly, my t-shirt is in laundry right now. Otherwise, I would have worn that. But yeah, Zik Release is really where I'm coming from next to K-Opps as an installer for Kubernetes and also very importantly, I do hate slides a lot. So whenever I do courses or consulting, it starts to get messy in terms of slides. So I always bring a pen and some kind of tablet to actually do it as much interactive as possible and as fight-body as possible. It is so cool to see so many people that want to do the certification, especially because of if I look into the past experiences, most people that I talked to and had in courses, no matter if it was Linux Foundation courses, for example, the LFS 458, which is the certified Kubernetes administrator course, but also custom ones. All of the time people were in the class, but they were very afraid of actually taking the exam because if they didn't know what to expect in that sense. So I think even when the company sponsored and fully supported them, so many people didn't go because if they didn't know what to expect. So this webinar is really targeted at people that want to take the certification and also to take away a little bit of that nervousness because if you don't know what to expect in a sense of giving you as much information as possible without breaking this NDA. So this is really why I'm doing this. Also Kubernetes is growing very fast. If I just look into companies in Europe, in Germany, I think you could just go to anyone and one of their teams departments is really trying to evaluate Kubernetes. Also looking into hardware manufacturers. So many of these are really looking into how can we implement Kubernetes to do Internet of Things. I think most of the hardware manufacturing companies be big players like Siemens, big smaller, more niche players. All of them try to evaluate Kubernetes for running on the edge for giving them a more powerful like deployment mechanisms or deployment mechanism on the edge without actually trying or needing access into their like clients networks and all of that stuff. Also in that sense, I personally took the CKA the first time because I wanted to get some validation if I am thinking about like do I do the right thing? Did I understand Kubernetes the right way or did I just make up my mind with some crazy ideas that potentially aren't the right way you should do it? So I wasn't really reading the documentation all day and I really wanted to figure out is this something for me or isn't it? The nay in terms of Java developers for CKA, CKAD, this is essentially the second part of the presentation. So please just hang with me. For me, validation was a big point. I just wanted to know if I'm doing the right thing. Also because if I fail, I can get a second retry. So even if I didn't succeed in the first time then I got to understand the system but in order to get the second free retry you actually have to do it once first. Also, many clients that I've been talking to especially building managed services products in terms of Kubernetes, they need this to be a Kubernetes certified service provider. So no matter if you live and breathe Kubernetes all day long you need I think as of now it is five certified people to get that status within CNCF to really boost your appreciation and recognition and marketing in terms of being a certified Kubernetes service provider without people being certified as certified Kubernetes administrator. That's simply tough for you. Also in that sense again Kubernetes is exploding be it your future job or be it you growing into your current job it is really getting to understand the ecosystem getting to understand what's currently going on in the world really establishing some knowledge within yourself. So in that sense first of all let me start with some of the things that are really required. So if you don't know these things you should probably not look into the CKA or the CKAD because of these things are required for all of them. First of all you should know how Linux works essentially in a sense of you potentially want to create a file on a Linux system you want to read a file from the Linux system you potentially also want to delete something from a Linux system you need to know how a basic file system of Linux works. If you have never touched Linux the CKA and the CKAD will be very very tough for you because if you have to do it not only on Linux but what you will get is a virtual emulation of Ubuntu so all you have is a bash terminal. There is no further tools installed except the ones you potentially require for the certification so you really need to get your way around Linux terminals around the bash how to operate on a Linux system that's hugely important. You can reconfigure the entire system it is in a browser but it's still your system. So if you've ever used for example Google Cloud they have this virtual terminal that you can use Azure does the same. I don't know about AWS but like most major clouds have this terminal emulation where you just can put in stuff. This is how it feels on the exam itself as well. So if you are familiar with that you will be fine. If you don't know how to use like a computer without a visual UI you should probably look into that first. Also because of it's Ubuntu focusing on CentOS is good. The thing is the exam will be on Ubuntu. So getting familiar with some of the concepts and basic things in Ubuntu is always a good idea. Also in that sense SSH no matter which certification you take you potentially need to talk to Kubernetes clusters. And well, if you need to talk to clusters in a sense of especially looking into administration you might need to actually change something on the nodes or at least check something on the nodes. In that sense you can SSH into the nodes but you need to know how to actually do that. And last but not least, again this is a virtual terminal you need to know the cube control commands. It is completely irrelevant if you use the web UI to deploy applications. I know Rancher looks super, super good in a sense of operating your clusters. Google Kubernetes engine, this is a click away to deploy your things and also on Azure with the Azure Kubernetes service is really just uploading it to a web UI and it will deploy that stuff for you in Kubernetes which is good in terms of operating clusters but you won't get this in the CKA and CKAD. The CKAD and CKAD is really focused on just bare Kubernetes as you can find it on kubernetes.io nothing else, nothing more, nothing less. So in terms of having to do this in a more interactive way there is no multiple choice. There is tasks that you need to fulfill. You also get some privileges. So instead of just being entirely locked down the privileges you get is first of all you can do this at home wherever you are. I have done the CKAD in a hotel room that works. It is just your Chrome browser where you install a plugin and then you need to share your screen but it doesn't matter where you are in the world. I did this on a cell phone connection using regular LTE and if you have ever been in Germany you know that's not very good internet connection that totally works for doing the certification. It's completely fine, it's completely interactive and also for me the internet connection dropped for like I think half a minute or so and after like rechecking my environment the proctor was totally fine with it and we could just continue in the exam. So worst case if something goes wrong if you can explain what happened and you didn't randomly sit in another room with other like windows behind you or something like that, that's completely fine and people are really trying to help you here. Also in terms of privileges you get an open book policy. So instead of you having to just do it completely by yourself, having to keep everything in mind and remembering all of these nitty gritty things in the CKAD and CKAD you get the public Kubernetes IO documentation. So you have another tab in your browser you just open a second window you go to kubernetes.io slash docs and whatever you find on there can be used. So if you know how to navigate kubernetes.io forward slash docs that's ideal because of this is the entire handbook right in front of you that you can use in the entire exam. So even if you don't know what they specifically are talking about in the question if you find the information on kubernetes.io using the search provided on kubernetes.io you can really research new things without ever having heard of it. You just need to know how to find it in the documentation. You don't even need to necessarily know the specifics. I know kubernetes is exploding in features but if you know how to find new features on the website that's good enough for the certification because in real world scenarios even at work you don't need to know everything by heart you need to know where to find it. Same applies to github.com so if you are better at reading code I'm not but if you are feel free to look into the source code on github that's also available to you. And last but not least the entire kubernetes.io blog where for example the release team and the PR teams are doing amazing work and publishing tutorials on how to do all of these things entirely in front of you. Also last but not least again you get a free retry if you fail. So don't worry too much just do it once figure out how the system works get familiar with the kind of questions get familiar with potentially even some of the questions they ask I mean there is a multitude of them and they rotate but in essence CNCF will not make up completely new questions every single time you take the exam so if you get a feeling on how the questions are structured you get a feeling for the entire exam so you can really study ahead and towards this specific goal. You don't need to have a Linux troubleshooting or administrator background that's totally fine if you do have not you just need to get your way around a bash console so I've seen many engineers in for example companies that just use regular you could say Windows clients and these Windows clients are totally fine because if they just virtualize Ubuntu on top of it use the UI for most of the parts but Qt control is still in a terminal so if you can really type in commands in a terminal that's usually much, much good enough for the certification. So in terms of testing environment you can use any Kubernetes.io pages that's below the mentioned URLs, yes. So in terms of testing environment you need to be alone in the room so they will scan the entire room you have to rotate your camera in 360 degrees you need a clean test I was doing this in hay fever season and they asked me to remove my hay fever no spray from the desk so it was literally me removing everything from my desk for 10 minutes because I didn't expect them to be so strict about it but really the desk needed to be empty. Also in terms of seeing you they need to be a source of light best case scenario in front of you potentially above you but definitely not behind you because if there shouldn't be shadows they need to see your face and see how you are behaving. Also in that sense a stable internet connection is useful. Last but not least in terms of testing environment they are very strict on they need to see your mouth like I was just scratching my nose in the exam and like all of a sudden a chat window popped up being like you're not allowed to cover your mouth because if I could be speaking to someone else in the room which surprised me quite a lot and started to me trying to scratch my nose like yeah with one finger without trying to hide my mouth that was new for me too but it does work you just need to get used to it in that sense no talking no matter what happens reading the questions out aloud or the tasks that's something that might show that you are either recording something in the room or you're talking to someone else so this is nothing you're allowed to do. Last but not least no cheat sheets so I know everyone likes to get something documented or you all have aliases on your computers to use Bash and all of these tools I'm sorry you can't accept if you go to kubernetes.io search for cheat sheet and use the official one on the documentation that's really the only cheat sheet you can really use again they screen your entire room so you can't hide something under your desk that's what they wanna see you can't hide something above the desk that's what they wanna see and you can't hide it on the walls because if that's what they wanna see as well and when you first logged in and talk to the person this is what you see or a very, very, very like high level version of the screen that you're working with so essentially on the left side which is always orange in the following slides this is where you see the question meaning there you will get your instructions on what to do and on the bottom down here there you have like arrow keys to go back and forth between the actual physical questions that they want to ask you or that you are tasked with so there is a multitude of tasks you need to solve and the left side you can paginate through the questions what I miss personally is as far as I'm concerned there is not an easy way to flag questions so you can still flag a question but for me what was missing was hey here's a list of all the things you flagged so remember which questions you weren't able to answer potentially go into the notepad of the system which is available to you and put in the identifier of the thing you're trying to solve and on the right side of the screen this is a very consistent bash so this is your Ubuntu workstation so to say this is where you type your commands you can copy and paste them there so even in your second tab if you just or tab if you just copy like manifest and stuff like that from the Kubernetes documentation you can just paste it in there so it's completely interactive you're not locked into you having to retype all of that stuff it is completely your thing as like as a terminal on your computer would be and even for idiots like me I typed in exit one time too many so I essentially logged out of the testing interface it took a few seconds but it reconnected me to the session and I could just continue on so all my files were persisted all my connections all my configuration was still in there so I could really just proceed with the exam without losing anything or having to redo anything and in this virtual terminal what you can do is you can interact with the clusters that are also mentioned in the handbook so as like you can read in the handbook from the certification you will get a multitude of clusters this diff is if you do a CKA or CKAD but you will get access to a certain number of clusters and to these clusters first of all you can use cube control to actually connect to them so you can talk to all of them using cube control your cube config is pre-populated you don't need to worry about logging into the clusters usually like if the question doesn't ask you to do anything special cube control is really a good way cube control is configured to be the tool of choice to talk to these clusters because of cube control is the original tool from Kubernetes this is how you interact with the things but you can also SSH to the nodes so if you're not a big fan of cube control but would rather reconfigure stuff on the server itself potentially use Docker natively, I don't know if you manage to make Kubernetes aware of all the things you changed using Docker itself you can SSH into the nodes you got root on all the service you have for the exam so anything you can do with the root on your service this can be done on the exam as well again, cube control is the tool to talk to Kubernetes usually but if you really don't want to use cube control or need some other things SSH is your path into the clusters in the sense of you can really directly access the nodes and how it feels it's really just a cube control config use context and this is how you switch between clusters so really don't worry about needing to know how cube config is structured and all of that stuff you should know how that works but in the certification it's really testing on can you operate clusters and can you develop for clusters so it's not about configuring your client in that sense it's really about the other side so cube control config use context no, this is the command to use this will also be shown like this is what you have to use for the specific cluster this is your path into the system and this is all it's not that scary essentially and here comes the time for the first round questions and my wonderful whiteboard skills essentially feel free to ask questions related to the exam interface itself so this will be all that I'm talking about in the sense of this is how it feels in the exam and in the next part we will then talk about how to actually look into the certifications which one to choose and how to prepare questions so there are a ton of questions already but not necessarily for the interface let's see okay, there are a few let's see Hi, my name is... Oh, it's going on, thank you so much for asking so many questions wow okay, when editing a YAML file what editor can we use? Can we do app install some editor? From what I've scrolled through this answers a lot of the questions already you can install anything that you know how to install using aptitude because if you get an internet-connected workstation and if you know how to install tools that usually works fine so I personally used Vim and Nano in the exam both of them are potentially pre-installed if I remember correctly I'm not entirely sure but I definitely use both of them so you can use Vim, you can use Nano both of them work fine okay let's see can we use pen and paper during the exam? No, you can't use pen and paper the only thing you can use is on the like if this is your screen on the upper right over here let me make this in green potentially here you have a button that says Notepad and this is like word like Microsoft Notepad or a Linux like g-edit stuff like that where you can really just put in comments and these comments will be like stored for you you can reopen and close that all the time it's just as like as in physical exams on a test center they want to get full visibility in what you are writing and doing during the exam so you can't use anything on your desk but everything that's in the tool that works well Great There's so many, okay is it possible to install screen shell multiplexer? Yes, as I mentioned it is you got root on the system so if you know how to install that on the system that works I know many people especially ambassadors that always used or like first of all, spent the first five minutes configuring aliases to get a better feeling for the system for example like everything that's doable with bash and can be achieved with an internet connection can potentially be done except well downloading stuff from your own private website which is the ultimate Kubernetes solver that's potentially prohibited but in a sense of like popular tools like screen, T-Mux, that's not a thing Okay These two are kind of similar can you have multiple screens? Is it better to just have one laptop or have additional screens? And then maybe related question can you have multiple tabs open in Chrome or just one? So in terms of tabs, let me answer that first you can have one tab open like the only thing you can allow to have open is one tab for the test and one for the Kubernetes website sometimes this happened to me like when you click one link on kubernetes.io it's configured to open up in a new window and not in the same tab so if that opens up and you almost immediately close it again that's fine like you wouldn't be shamed or blamed if it just like is a hyperlink in a new window configuration but you're not allowed to have multiple tabs open at the same time also in a sense of displays or like monitors Yes and no so I never tested it because if I always did it with one and cleaned the entire desk before but the last like the first time I did it what they told me was you have two options like first of all either connect the screens or remove them from the desk so from what I can tell in terms of what the practice said is if it's connected and they can see the content of the screen that seems to be okay but I wouldn't swear to God that this is really the thing because of this is just what I like being stressed being in the exam for the first time myself this is what I think I heard kind of a similar question as well if the entire test environment is in the browser do they force you to disable other extensions? So what they will do is they will ask you for example on a Mac show the currently running processes lists so force close is what they will check and all of the other things also again they install a browser extension to your Chrome browser which is I wouldn't say not remote control by the test system if you're in an exam but I am very sure these systems are built in a way that you can't use they are programmed that you can't use some kind of Chrome extensions to make it easier for you so no idea but it's prohibited in the handbook and all of that stuff so I think the system will automatically like shut down all the browser extensions that you have installed once the exam is actually starting up it's the interface fast enough for typing will there be any lag? For me it was as like as using a local terminal so like the experience on Azure and G Cloud and AWS when you're right in front of the computer essentially Okay, should I keep asking questions or... Maybe two more and then we can continue with the other ones Okay, I think you may have gone over this but can I skip questions? Yes, you can go back and forth all the time like the thing is you configure clusters in Kubernetes the task is to solve problems in these clusters but like you can change things in a completely messed up order like the questions are not really related to each other potentially it's really one task for one domain of the exam and each question is rated separately because if this is not do something and if you didn't do it correctly like everything else breaks and you can't pass the exam this is really trying to show do you have a broad knowledge of the domain so do you know anything that's required meaning in that sense Yeah, essentially the questions are usually not like they are related to each other in terms of different or same field of domain but you don't have to do the first one to even be able to answer the second one Great What editors are available on the Linux simulator? I didn't test it completely again I use VI and VIM all the time that was available so I expect on default Ubuntu Nano to be installed as well simply because Ubuntu is trying to be a distribution that is very very easy to use for people coming from Windows environments and all of that stuff so it's really trying to make it easy to work with tools that are essentially not trying to teach you commands and all of that stuff on a keyboard that you need to remember but VI and Nano is probably what's installed everything else it's like I just see the last comment editors like g-edit know because it's only a terminal like you can't run terminals in that thing it's really all in your browser you can't really run simulators and all of that stuff on it but everything that can be done on the terminal is fine okay in that sense let's continue with the contents I've tried to put the two next to each other as much as possible so if you look into domain for the application developer it is really focused on getting stuff in the cluster so core concepts like just basic Kubernetes domains like what is a port what's a deployment what's a stateful set eventually what how to get volumes into the system how to make my application run everything except building your own Docker images because of this would be Docker certification program so everything that's already in a container image how can you run it in Kubernetes and also how you can configure that and if you combine these two domains you already got 31% of the exam essentially so it's really how to package something up also looking into multi-container parts like thinking about all of the different things you can do with these patterns that are in the courses so extending containers functionality using different methodologies also using services how to find different things in your Kubernetes cluster but also last but not least really how to design everything like should you put like mount def random in your Java container not program a heap size for your container or eventually should you do actually really set a heap size and stuff like that like just things what is clever about pod design how should you structure your deployments in Kubernetes also of course in a sense is the pod really the the correct way of abstraction for this really just working with the basic premises in Kubernetes is usually what the application developer is asking you to do so you're not worrying about the cluster itself you're not worrying about everything that's running in the cluster so as soon as you have a Kubernetes cluster handed to you when you get a configuration file from an operator for example you use any kind of managed Kubernetes or you use Rancher Kubernetes engine to install Kubernetes and now you need to deploy something in that cluster CKAD so the application developer is usually the exam that you should probably look into if you go down the rabbit hole even further or you use an installer that's running on premises the administrator is usually the way you should look into also the administrator is the only one that counts towards that goal of five certified people in a sense of being eligible for the Kubernetes certified service provider program the administrator is taking the same things but again really summing it up as core concepts in that sense so most of the things that are just not on the right side that's 90% core concepts in Kubernetes also installation configuration and validation keep in mind this exam is about the Kubernetes project itself so it's talking about tools that are documented and explained on Kubernetes.io third-party installers that are not on Kubernetes.io are not relevant for the certification because of this is not a vendor certification for a specific Kubernetes engine but for Kubernetes you could say off the shelf so know how to work with the tools that Kubernetes is publishing as the tools to use and like to operate Kubernetes what is also if you look into ZIC release what are the tools that Kubernetes is releasing themselves using their release cycles these are the tools that are potentially interesting to you for the administrator because of this is what the Kubernetes project is really publishing application life cycle management plays into that as well so how to remove something from the cluster how to add something from the cluster how to mutate things in the cluster I wouldn't say you need to be an expert in CICD but you should know concepts of actually changing things during the life cycle of a pod or a deployment or anything else in your cluster in terms of networking know the different network plugins but again network plugins are usually third party things so know about the network configurations that you can do in Kubernetes coming from the Kubernetes project same for scheduling you most definitely don't need to develop your own scheduler but you should know how scheduling in Kubernetes works itself security how to make sure that certificates match and all of that stuff really anything you would like get blamed for if it doesn't work by a security official the cluster maintenance I think this really plays along with installation and configuration logging and monitoring where are these locks stored where do they come from how to get them how to get them from containers but again this is cluster administrator so also how to do it with the cluster itself last but not least storage how to store files how to share files in different things in the cluster and last but not least something could be broken at some point in time like if I remember back into the we operated in the real world most of the time something broke and the worst thing that happened to me was one guy being scared we got hacked so he's just started randomly deleting stuff from the Kubernetes control plane using the Kubernetes dashboard in that sense you should be capable of recovering from that situation like the worst thing that could happen for you is Kubernetes itself not running anymore because of someone misconfigured deleted or just messed with the control plane or the control plane just doesn't work the control plane was never installed all of these things like know the control plane if you look into the Kubernetes certified Kubernetes administrator exam and that's usually all it takes and also the decision tree in taking this so really if you look into the Kubernetes certified program you have to go with the CKA route there is no other choice and then if you don't want to take these like certified service provider program you just need to deploy something but you want to verify if you're following best practices how to run stuff the right way then use the application developer that's usually good enough essentially it's not a question-wise equivalent to solve but usually from a scope of like priorities the administrator kind of includes the application developer simply because of stuff that developers broke potentially end up having to be solved by the administrator in a sense so application developer is really you could say the smaller brother of the two it's also younger because of the administrator is really all inclusive in what you can potentially do comparing them even further application developer takes two hours and it's 19 problems that you have to solve it's really targeted for developers and DevOps engineers in a sense of this is really differentiating from company to company because of for some companies DevOps engineer is really developer I know other companies that just renamed operations to DevOps and if you just renamed like operations to DevOps administrator is usually the path you want to go but if DevOps is really hands-on development and not cluster operation because of you potentially use some kind of managed Kubernetes offering application developers usually the route you should take administrator is one hour of time more for 24 problems you have to solve personally I thought the application developer is a little bit harder than the administrator when I took it the first time one hour less for only five more problems right so if you compare the number of tasks you have to solve it's really not that much different even though you got 60 minutes more time in that regard so for me in the application developer I took I think one hour 40 when I started with Kubernetes which was like 10 to 20 minutes left in the end the administrator the first time it took me the same amount of time but for five problems more because of I was also working with the administrative parts the second time I took the CKA like two weeks ago if you get used to Kubernetes and do it hands-on for a few years like the last time I did the CKA I was done in 55 minutes which can also be done in that regard so don't worry too much about time the entire certification is built in a way that you can solve everything using the resources provided so if you know your way around Kubernetes.io this is what I did for the most part when I did it the first time it's really copy paste from Kubernetes.io and that works so the only thing you have to keep in mind then is time it's built in a way that if you have enough time the certification can be solved by anyone that ever touched a computer this is why time is the real limit here and why it's so hard coded and strictly enforced to study first of all justice again use the tools the Kubernetes project is provided know how to use the tool because of this is the only tool Kubernetes is really publishing also as of today the certification is running on Kubernetes version 1.18 so it doesn't matter if you know how to install Kubernetes in 1.15 because of the certification is testing on Kubernetes version 1.18 also I know version 1.19 is already in alpha but it doesn't matter if you know how to deploy Kubernetes in the alpha version because of the certification is on 1.18 this is the only path possible also in that sense know how to update clusters do it one or two times maybe install it in an old version bring it to the new version try to downgrade try to mess with it really just get a demo setup get some virtual machines using any kind of virtualization technology like KVM and just start playing with it using the tools Kubernetes.io also in that sense using troubleshooting without leaking information that I'm not allowed to Kubernetes.io is having a great documentation article on how to debug clusters that go through the entire stack of Kubernetes and where to check if something is broken and stuff like that same for the candidate handbook like it is I think five to seven pages of information what are you allowed during the exam and last but not least on CNCF slash curriculum on GitHub it's the entire curriculum essentially what I've just been talking about but it is there on GitHub and updated every single time they also update the certification exam also keep in mind in a sense of Kubernetes courses this is how Kubernetes is essentially built so you have an API server and you have to go to the API server this is a regular structure of Kubernetes whatever course you take no matter from Linux foundation or not this is what you learn so keep the architecture of Kubernetes in mind you have to know how the basics of the architecture work even if you go in the application developer thing like you really have to keep in mind how is Kubernetes built from a basic architecture all the links that you get after the certification very very important parental advisory whatever you want to call this learn playing Kubernetes it doesn't matter if you excel in Kubernetes engine or OpenStack or anything else on the world there is thousands of installers you need to know playing Kubernetes this is what this exam is about it doesn't matter that you do something else in your own company because of CNCF is testing for the open source published by the Kubernetes project installer and tools components and all of the things in there don't go and say but we do it differently because of personally to be honest no one cares if you do it differently because of this certification program is not done by someone else but the Kubernetes project itself and the Kubernetes project itself as like as everyone usually we pride ourselves in doing it the way we regard as the right way of doing something so we expect you to do it that way that we envision things to be done more or less some hacks you potentially have to create some manifest exactly this is how you interact with Kubernetes and I mean I personally hate doing things all over the time but also I don't want to search on Kubernetes.io all the time so for example dry run as of now I learned you have to run equals client otherwise you get an error on the news Kubernetes releases but dry run and minus OYAML really helps in generating these manifest so that you don't have to type everything by yourself all the time also in that regard I don't know how many of you know kube-control-explain but instead of going to the Kubernetes website and trying to click through the reference website you can just run kube-control-explain-pot.spec.containers and you get a detailed documentation on which key value pairs you have available to put into that manifest so you don't have to jump back and forth from console to the other tab to actually research something on the website you can really all do it in the console because of kube-control-explain allows you to do that also get is great but essentially if you try to debug something describe is the human readable way in that sense also like the certification is built in a way of testing on time and being able to solve problems in a timely manner so I would prefer the human easy way to solve the problems instead of trying to do it machine readable humans are not machines so describe is usually a better way of trying to get output from the Kubernetes CLI in that sense also very important be positive about it like this certification program was not built to make you fail this certification program was built to get as many people certified as possible to spread the word around Kubernetes so always keep that in the back of your head this was built to be solvable this was built to share the spirit of Kubernetes so it is definitely doable and there is thousands of people that already did it and so many people succeeded in it and if you really just know your way around Kubernetes I am very sure that the people can go through it if they just study enough and really are not scared to even register I know so many people that would easily get through it from what I've seen but they just don't because of they say oh but this could be tough and this could be challenging and they never submit the registration for it and this is really sad simply because of it could be so much more certified people already if you just gave it a try and if you fail you get a free retry so there is no lose there is just win or win again it's doable by anyone if you have enough time and also in a sense of how complex can this be and if I have to solve problems like this could be anything in the end what counts is if this problem is solved it doesn't matter if you write telegrams to Kubernetes in the cluster or if you do it in telnet or if you use cube control or anything it just has to be solved so in a sense it is automated in terms of validation it takes some time to get the results but CNCF prides itself with this certification being checked by an automated validation engine so there is no person saying yeah this could be solved but I'm not entirely sure but there is a machine saying yes this problem is solved or this problem is not solved again core Kubernetes I can't stress this enough don't rely on for example having tools like cube NS or cube context and all of these things like extensions are usually not installed so really focus on core Kubernetes this is what this is all about again also everything can be solved with kubernetes.io so you don't need to go and buy all of these fancy books by great authors I'm not saying you shouldn't buy them in a sense you don't have to like if you know your way around the documentation that is more than good enough like mastering the documentation of kubernetes even in Linux foundation trainings is a core component in what we teach so take that to your advantage know your way around the documentation and you're usually good last but not least have fun the more you stress yourself the more errors you do also in my perspective in the last session I start to overanalyze so just go on do something else you can go back and forth and the questions use that like just go onward solve the next problems get all of these percentages and then go back when you have time in the end again time is the only limit but the order is totally up to you last but not least and foremost you can learn this with instructors so for example Tim Sarovich authored the good courses LFS 458 which is Kubernetes administration and LFD 459 which is the developer course which is also completely available online I think it's starting with A2 but the last two numbers are essentially the same so you can do it self-paced and again keep in mind there is a 2020 promo I think it's 30% off if you go to Linux foundation training again I also do these courses both virtual and in person during corona times it's more virtual than in person but again please also feel free to come back to me and ask any other questions but last but not least let's answer all the questions that are open in terms of should I do CKA or should I do CKAD and all of that stuff so someone specifically asked if you are a Java developer so should they do CKA or CKAD I think if you are not actually going into operating the cluster yourself you should stick with the CKAD and then once you've got that under your umbrella you could continue on and potentially look into the CKAD but CKAD is probably a good start overall as an administrator certification consider to be more valuable than the developer one I think it's not really more valuable it's more it's different aspects so as a developer you usually don't need to know how to operate a cluster and on the other side if you're an administrator you don't need to know the nitty gritty details on how this one flag is called to do something with a pod and all of that stuff simply because of you are more into architecting the bigger picture of the cluster itself so it's really just trying to each fit into a specific niche depending on what you do as a Java developer it's usually like you don't operate clusters you potentially don't know Linux that well so CKAD is ideal for you on the other side CKA if you operate Linux all the time that's probably more of the natural choice for you in that sense and for beginners what is the best path to kickstart the CKA for novices the CKA what? I assume CKA exam for novices for novices yeah I think it's a good idea to look into really get a feeling for the documentation and then I think the best path is really just do it once because of then you get a feeling for it probably it was just easy peasy but if you don't you learn so much from just going through the question and understanding what's the CKA and CKAD's testing for that you can then very specifically focus on these things and then you get another year to take another try at it or get a retry which is completely included like you don't have to pay for it it's one year of studying and then you can do it again so really I can only recommend just do it like it's more scary than it it sounds more scary than it really is but if you have done it once you know what the structure is like I can't leak any of the questions and all of that stuff but in that sense once you got an understanding for the type of testing it falls very natural usually so you just need to get a feeling for the type of testing so kind of follow up question are there any practice exams or do you just take it once and like you said as far as I know no but there is like if you go to L.cncf.io there is a huge like landscape of things you can look into which is also listing some like study yourself things where you can potentially get a sacrificial cluster and then run commands against it which also visualizes what you've just done and stuff like that really I think the best way to study for both of the exams is really just install your own cluster as like you would on the LFS 458 so the Linux Foundation Kubernetes administrator class in the first lab essentially or also in the classes you can get elsewhere and then you just play with it for like 3 to 4 to 5 days so really just mess with the cluster is usually the best way to actually study just set yourself a goal and then go through with it because of this is really what the entire CKA and CKAD is about you need to be able to set up a cluster and go through with it up until you don't need the cluster anymore and potentially need to remove everything right so this is how typical clusters in corporate America and corporate world work at some point you install them then you do stuff with them and at some point there is I don't know Kubernetes 2.0 and you have to reinstall everything from scratch so I think this reference is your chart earlier so it looks like the both exams can be applied to people with the DevOps background like is it important for them to do both certifications? Not really no I think the DevOps word is just really put into so many different contexts around the world right so I know some DevOps engineers that just got named DevOps engineers after it was cool and they needed that so they said okay you did operations now you're a DevOps engineer so for you CKA is probably the better choice but on another side like if you run on any managed Kubernetes service offering so for example there is an Oval Cloud or there is Kubernetes which you can install in your systems or there is Google Kubernetes engine there is Azure Kubernetes service there is Elastic Kubernetes service by AWS if you run on any of them you really don't need to worry about operating service anymore because of this is what all of these different vendors do for you so you shouldn't really be all that interested into the CKA-D simply because of you don't need to do that this is what all of these service partners do for you already so focus on what's important for you really developing applications so their CKA-D is probably the way easier choice essentially Someone asked are there any stats on the total number of CKA attempts and the total number of CKA certifications issued not that I know of any but I think from people I've talked to personally it was very even I think it's really a bit moved in that sense because of the people I talked to most of them that were not ready were the ones that just did it to get a feeling for it and all the ones that are regarded as dude you should just do it they were like oh no and I'm not confident enough that stuff so I think my numbers are really moved to a certain extreme but for me it has always been around 50-50 from the people I had in my courses essentially or talk to Do you mind if we jump into more general questions again? No, no that's fine Any tips on time management? I mean you can go back and forth all the time so maybe screen all of the problems first then you can really pick the easy ones first and so you can get more slack on the ones you're not sure about so everyone gets stuck at one point there is always something you've never heard about or potentially you just don't understand the wording so many people take the exam that are not native English speakers so really do the ones that just speak to you first again you can do that you can go back and forth all the time you can flag the questions and then focus on the ones that you can get the most points that are the easiest and then go on with the harder ones for less points essentially Speaking of points can you talk a little bit more about scoring like is there a partial scoring or is it just binary? I really don't know so what you see is the current question is coming from area let's say administration and this is scored at 7% for the exam so you get a feeling of hey if I get all of the administration ones right I potentially get 7% but the scores I got really didn't add up with the scores of the exam essentially so like getting for example 87% is not doable with the amount of percentages you get on the agenda in the candidate handbook so I have to guess that potentially there is like subscores essentially but no promise this was really just what I have seen okay I guess yeah you're probably going to give some more answer like is there a clear passing score then? I think on the website when you register I've seen something like that but I'm not entirely sure I think there is but not that I'm aware of what it currently is okay let's see when do you get your score? for me the first time it took like five to seven days I think but yeah last time it took three days got it and then sorry there are a lot of questions also in that sense if you want to leave feel free to email if you have any more questions also on the kubernetes lex I'm always chrisz100 or on twitter so if you're not interested in the questions coming up anymore feel free to like reach out thank you so much for coming and back into the questions a few people ask this is kubectl auto completion turned on? let's say I'm not saying it's turned off but I'm also not saying it's turned on but auto completion is a feature of kubectl control so if you know how to get that turned on it doesn't matter if it's turned on or not so just really know how to use kubectl all of the features in kubectl can be used so if you know how to activate it yourself you can definitely use it if you don't you can eventually use it if it's turned on per default someone said it seems like in essence building your own exam based on kubernetes.io and the command line is the way forward that's what you get as resources so I'm not very good at answering questions using github essentially I'm not reading through like in kubernetes so much code is generated I'm not reading through thousands of lines of generated code to get a feeling of hey what could be the right way of solving this so for me kubernetes.io especially using the reference handbook and also using kubectl explain was the more natural way of solving the issues because of this so I could more specifically look into what I was trying to find but if you're good at looking at code also github.com kubernetes is available to you so feel free last question I'm going to squeeze in are there any restrictions on the number of lines you can copy and paste from kubernetes.io again the entire thing is solvable only using kubernetes.io if you have enough time so I wouldn't say you should focus on just copy and pasting everything but not that I know that they keep count of how much stuff you really copy so I mean it is there to help you there is no limit on oh you get like 500 times help and then you have to know it by yourself got it okay thanks Kirsch for a great presentation that is all the time we have questions for today thank you everyone for joining us the webinar recording and slides will be online later today and we look forward to seeing everyone at a future CNCF webinar thank you and have a great day