 If the C to N ratio is low, and by low I mean a 10 to 1 ratio, it means the nitrogen supply is so great that the microbial populations proliferate, and they use up all the carbonaceous material present in the soil as the most available food source. So you put out, let's say for example, soyminer, which has a very low ratio. The microbes gobble it up really quickly, there's not much left over to actually add organic matter to the soil. So good crop, good for crop production, but it does not directly add to your soil organic matter levels. However, increased biomass production via some kind of cover crop can have a good impact on your soil organic matter. So liquid soyminer typically has that 3 to 1 to 8 to 1 ratio. Really good for growing crops, man lots of N, P, and K out there, they can utilize it really quickly, but it gets used up and burned up so fast in the system because there's not enough carbon in the system. It doesn't typically build your organic matter levels in and of itself. Now I've got a producer that I work with a lot by Mitchell, and he's actually going to be at the soil health clinic with me coming up here in a few weeks. But what he does with his hog miner is he always makes sure that he's putting it on a field where he can put cover crops on. So he's using his cover crops to then bring that carbon back into the system. So that's kind of something important to realize. If we're using something that's got this real low ratio, if you want to truly build our organic matter out there, you're going to need to figure out another way to introduce more carbon back into it besides just the manure itself, okay? Well, we can be on the other end of the spectrum too, we can be too high. You can have a real high ratio that I'm talking about, typically over 20 to 1. For a good example is like wood chips, you know, we're talking about sometimes ratios up to 30 to 1. A good example is that over in Minnesota a few years ago, a lot of the dairy guys got into doing compost barns for their dairy cattle, where they'd use wood chips as a bedding source, they'd go in there like once or twice a day with a rotor tiller and till that up. So it was great bedding for the cattle, great for the semantic cell counts, great for the dairy health of the animal. What they found out though, the first few years they started putting that on their crop fields, they had so much carbon in the system compared to the nitrogen, the ratio was so on a whack on the other end that their crops became nitrogen deficient. They actually had to go back out there and side dress nitrogen and keep adding nitrogen to the system because the microbes were binding up all of that, you know, carbon material, they just weren't releasing it back to the plant. So, on the one end, if we're too low, we're not getting enough carbon back in the system to build organic matter. If we're too high, yeah, we can build organic matter, but we're going to hurt our crop production, okay? So we've got the two extremes. So where's the sweet spot? Well, the sweet spot is typically kind of between a 10 to 1 to 20 to 1 ratio. And this is ideal because there's a sufficient amount of carbon and nitrogen for both the microbes and also the crops. And this is our ideal range where we can help build our soil or getting matter without hurting our crop production. So what are some things that kind of have that ratio? And again, these are all kind of just, you know, they're ranges. You really aren't going to know what your manure carbon to nitrogen ratio is unless you go test it. And that is a test you can have run. So next time you take a manure sample, it depends on what company you're using, like DHI, I know around their card, you can check, you know, carbon to nitrogen ratio and they'll run that for you until you know what your ratio is. But things like turkey litter, 9 to 1 to 15 to 1, liquid cattle manure, 10 to 1 to 16 to 1. These are typical ranges we would see. Solid cattle manure out of an open lot, 12 to 1 to 18 to 1. And then solid bed pack, you know, this is coming out of a bed pack barn, 15 to 1 to 25 to 1. So it can kind of get a little high sometimes. And that kind of depends on how much bedding you're using. Are you processing the bedding before it's being put into the cattle barn? And again, until you actually test it, you're not going to know. But truly from building soil organic matter out there on the landscape, that's a pretty good product. It's got a lot of organic matter in it, but yet you've still got your nutrients that, you know, can help with crop production. So it's all about finding that sweet spot. So that's kind of the number I want you to remember. If you can get in that 10 to 1 to 20 to 1 ratio if you're applying manure, that's probably going to be a good sweet spot to be. Before I go on, does that make sense? Does everybody understand that concept? Do you kind of see where I'm going with that? OK. So how much carbon does it take to increase your soil organic matter by 1%? So if we do a little math, one acre slice of soil that adept to 6.7 inches weighs about 2 million pounds. 1% of that is 20,000 pounds. Soil organic matter contains roughly 58% carbon, right? 1% of organic matter in a soil at 6.7 inches equals 11,600 pounds of carbon. So we'd need about 11,600 pounds of carbon to increase our soil organic matter 1%. For those of you that are more well versed on this and I and I do my math right there, anybody follow that? Everybody agree with that? OK. So this is a little chart I found that shows the different types of manures. We've got solid, dairy manure, liquid dairy, liquid hog, solid broiler. And here's the carbon to nitrogen ratios. What they were trying to get at here was how many tons of manure would you need to apply to maintain your soil organic matter level? So this is the tons or gallons of manure you need to put on to maintain your soil organic matter level. So where's those sweet spot numbers? Yeah, 17 to 1. We said we wanted to be in that 10 to 1 to 20 to 1 ratio, right? So these two are pretty good. And it takes 15 tons of solid dairy manure for 9,000 gallons of the liquid dairy. So that makes sense. And if we look at our NPK down here, those are not unreasonable. We're going to be building phosphorus. It typically takes about 20 pounds of phosphorus to raise your soil test level, about 1 part per million. So we would be raising it five parts per million here, probably seven or eight here. But that's still, that's reasonable. We understand we're going to do that. Nitrogen's not out of whack. So that makes pretty good sense. You could be putting that on, meeting your crop needs, maintaining your soil organic matter, not degrading the environment, right? So kind of a sweet spot again. So look at Hogmaner. 3.7 to 1 was the ratio on this. Need to put on 23,000 gallons per acre to maintain your soil organic matter level. Is that reasonable? Probably not a lot of hogs out here, so I don't have probably as many comments, but no, that's pretty high. Typically, we see 3 to 5,000 gallons per acre. Would be typically what you'd apply from a hog finishing barn to meet your nutrient requirements of that crop. Look how many pounds of nutrients we're putting on, 400 pounds of nitrogen, 500 pounds of phosphorus. That would raise the soil test level 25 part per million in one application. So this is unreasonable. Nobody would ever put it on this high. Number one, you'd burn your crop up, but number two, you'd really be degrading the environment as well. So the take home message here is again, by looking at those ratios, if you're strictly looking at putting on a rate for organic matter level, it really isn't possible to do that strictly by just using this type of manure. You'd have to incorporate again, cover crops or some other kind of carbon into the system to balance this out in order to do that. Okay? Does that make sense? Everybody follow me? So Fred Magduff and Harold Beness in their book, Building Soils for Better Crops, they outlined that they were doing some research and they said about 20 tons per acre per year of solid dairy manure will increase your organic matter level 0.65% per year. So under this scenario, it would take approximately 15 years to raise your solid organic matter 1%. So they've done lots of research. That's a really good publication. If you haven't read that, you should look it up. It's a free, you can download it from SARE to the PDF format. So yeah, they're saying it's possible to definitely increase our solid organic matter levels using manure. And that particular scenario took about 15 years. Okay? Are there other ways to build solid organic matter even faster? Dwayne Beck always talks about a systems approach and I believe fully on that. I think the same principles apply here for raising organic matter levels. We can do it with just strictly manure. We can do it with just strictly no-till. We can do it with just strictly cover crops. But when you get some synergies going by mixing those things all together, you can do it even faster. Well, it would be the number one thing we do. We've heard this day friends and gave us lots of good examples about soil erosion, right? How much nutrients you've already sent off to other places. Well, we definitely want to prevent soil erosion. That's number one. If we've got this going on out there, I don't care how much manure you pump on there. It's just gonna keep degrading, right? No-till, no-till organization here. So you guys are fully well versed in that. I definitely believe that's important. Keep that soil in place. Keep that back to those, keep those soils going. More diverse crop rotation. Seems like the more diverse we get our crop rotations, the more that system gets going, the more those microbes get going. And I think our gang-mar levels keep increasing. Another good reason for a more diverse crop rotation. I kind of work the whole state of South Dakota. I get out in this country or even in Mitchell country. We don't have so much trouble with getting the manure out because a lot of guys still have small grain rotations. When I get to that far Eastern, two or three counties in from Iowa and Minnesota, it becomes a battle every year. It seems like it's getting worse and worse all the time. Everybody's corn beans. What happens when you get a fall like this where it's wet and half the corn didn't come off till after Thanksgiving time and then try to get your manure put on. It's a real struggle. So another great advantage of having some small grain in the rotation is you can get your manure out there in a timely manner. You don't have to wait till the ground freezes and the snow on the ground. Cover crops have all kinds of benefits. We've talked about those today. This is a good example. My neighbor right across the road, he pulled into that field. I said, I got to come check this out. And that was right. He put in the year before, pretty late. He'd put that on actually after he'd come by and corner. It was probably the second week in November. Didn't get much fall girls, but in spring that really came on. It was a pretty wet spring. That's a pretty wet field. He just pulled right in there though. And he said, went right through the whole thing. No problem, came back, sprayed it off. Actually had some of the best looking beans. I saw that year, it really made a difference on that field. So there's some of the great things, including increasing organic matter that the cover crops can do. Okay, so I'm gonna pose a question to you guys. How fast can we grow organic matter in our soils? Well, the answer is depends. Is it possible to expect one to 2% cell organic matter in a decade if we'd use a combination of diverse rotations, no-till, manure cover crops? I'm asking you guys, you've probably, some of you have been no-till for many years, and maybe some of you have manure as part of your rotation. Do you think that's a reasonable number to shoot for? Yep, Dan says it is possible, but you kind of got to do everything right. And would you say, Dan, it's probably important that you'd have to have kind of all those things mixed together? Yep, correct, absolutely. Do you guys have some manure in your system at all that you use? Yeah, but not at all over. Sure. Do you see a advantage there? A lot of advantage, especially on possible. You bet, yep. Okay, anybody else have any experience, real world experience, where you've kind of tried these things in combination and seen any benefits? I do think it's possible. I think, again, it depends on where you're at in the state. It depends on a lot of different things, whether it depends on how well you put these things together, get those synergies, but the research is showing 1% for sure, I think in a decade is possible if you do things right. 2% would be on the upper range. I think that would really be hitting the home run with everything probably, but it certainly could be possible. So something to strive for. So if we've used up 50% or 60% of our organic matter over the last 100 years, all is not lost. We obviously have an opportunity to go back into those degraded soils and build that organic matter back. Are we ever gonna get back to 7%, 8%? That would probably be a stretch, but we can definitely go from 2% to 3% or 4%. That makes a huge difference. So yep, there's absolutely an opportunity for us to do that. So let's talk about some of the additional benefits of manure out there. Obviously, it provides NPK, sulfur, lots of micronutrients. It can increase our organic matter by increasing that carbon. Increases water infiltration. A lot of times you'll see that the manure has been placed if it's been done right, and definitely increases that profile of better aggregate stability, better bulk density, so it definitely can increase our water infiltration. Gives us a little more of that drought resistant, kind of acts like a sponge a little bit out there. Better structure, better aggregate stability, definitely reduces compaction. It certainly can if you add, especially I've seen a guy worked with that had a feel that's pretty bad compaction, pretty high clay content. After about three applications of he was using kind of a bed pack bar material, and he wasn't cooperating, he wasn't a no-till guy, but he actually could definitely see some major structural improvement on that soil by getting that organic matter level increased and getting that tilt back to the soil. And you know, manure is kind of the ultimate old slow release fertilizer. I think those benefits I said about the cornfield that I watched for five or six years, you're definitely getting some nutrients released for a long period of time. Nitrogen probably only for two or three, four years, but certainly you're seeing some additional benefits from the phosphorus and potassium that stays in the profile. And that increases in microbial and enzymatic activity. Those are all important things for manure. Some other positives, sustainability. Hey, it's kind of the old, I got a book from my grandpa that I think was 19, 23, or 24 of a hot of grilled corn, and they talk, you know, they had the plant crop, you know, put the manure on there. They didn't even talk about synthetic or commercial fertilizers, because they weren't even around yet. So I think our ancestors kind of already were doing some of this. Unfortunately now what they were doing is, you know, still mowboard plowing and some of those things, but we can grow the crop, feed it to some livestock, put that manure back out there and grow some more crops. Hey, it's the ultimate sustainability cycle. And then we throw in our technology we've got with our seeds, our herbicides, our machinery. Man, we can really bring this thing home, can't we? You know, most nitrogen fertilizer comes from fossil fuels, so by incorporating manure back into our system and livestock, we're kind of getting away from some of that. Here's one that's always intrigued me, I don't know, you can find different sources that say different things, but phosphorus typically comes from a mine situation, right? They mine it out of the ground and there are several places where they are estimating that we only have about 100 years left of mineable phosphorus in the world and I've seen anywhere from 100 to 500 years. So believe whichever source you want. But irregardless at some point in time, we are going to run out of mineable phosphorus. You just won't be able to go down to the store and say, hey, bring me some phosphorus out. Well, then what are we gonna do? I don't know. That's a good question, but that's gonna be an interesting pickle we're gonna be in because we're gonna have to keep putting phosphorus out for our crop fields. If we can't just buy it and put it on, we're gonna have to get it from somewhere. Well, manure is one possible source, so. Then I can provide an economic incentive to diversify farming enterprises. I work with a lot of producers from all across the state. Probably the one that I've enjoyed working with the most or the group that I've enjoyed working with the most is when we get some young folks coming back to the farm and a lot of times that's only made possible by adding another enterprise or increasing the enterprise and livestock seems to be a great way for young folks to get back. There's a lot of people that are against the hog barns and against the feed lots and all that, but we're an ag state and if you want young folks to come back, they can't buy, get on the eastern side, $10,000 acre crop land. This is a way for young folks to come back as by diversifying, bringing some livestock back into the operation and then that can basically then kind of help with the crop production as well, so. Well, with everything, there's always a pro and a con. What are some of the negatives of manure? Well, there are some. It's an inconsistent product, right? And if you don't handle it right or apply it right, you can definitely get some inconsistencies out there in the field that can cause some issues. So that's one of the things we have to overcome. It's labor intensive to handle. Takes a little more work to go out there and handle manure two or three times and spread it to just to call up the fertilizer truck and have them spread it. So I would definitely agree with that. Possible odor issues. And again, that's more of an issue when you get into the populated areas, but we're definitely seeing some counties where that's becoming an issue. They're starting to kind of hold back on the livestock sector because of potential odor issues. Water quality impairment issues. Sure, any nutrient, whether it's manure or commercial fertilizer, if we don't handle it correctly, we don't apply it correctly at the right rate, time, source and place that's gonna cause some issues. So we have to be cognizant of that. As an industry, we have to try to do a good job making sure we're not impairing our water quality. And that's one of the things that RCS works with, producers on developing that nutrient management plan, providing some costier assistance to make sure we can get it out there in a proper manner. And then, some things we don't maybe always think about while we're hearing more about all the time, potential producing bacteria into the systems, especially with the antibiotic resistance. I don't know if you guys followed, but there's been a couple of cases of E. coli salmonella issues with lettuce in the last couple of years. And they actually have said some of that, they're tracing back to possibly, they were putting manure on those fields. So actually, they've talked about a ban on any manure application on vegetable crops. So those are all things to think about. So it's not a perfect product, we have to be cognizant of those things. Public perception, that's a big one. If we don't do things right on the landscape, the public is probably going to get after us and that's happening in some places. So we have to be, again, good stewards whenever possible. So we follow the principles of four R's of nutrient management within RCS, the right, putting the right source at the right rate, in the right time, in the right place. If we can do those four things typically, we can capture the benefits of manure without any of the negatives. What's the right source? Well, it depends on who you are. If you're a gardener, that's probably your right sourcing that I wouldn't buy your bag in commoner. If you're a livestock producer or a crop farmer, this might be the way you do it, a little more larger scale. Is there any difference? Well, not really. Just the size and the scale of what we're doing. So I always get a kick out of people that complain about seeing the farmer doing this. Even though he's doing a heck of a job, I guarantee that thing is doing a much better job than a little spreader I was using 40 years ago when I was applying the dairy manure. But they have no problem going down to Walmart and buying a bag of commoner for their garden. So again, perception, how we look at it as a society. The right rate, just getting yourself dialed in to what the right rate is. And I'm just giving you some visuals, examples. This is what 20 tons looks like. That's what 66 ton looks like. A lot of folks just haven't got themselves calibrated. That's one of the things we can help you out with. We have some portable scales. If you want, we can always come out to your farm, help you weigh up your spreaders, figure out what exactly the rate you're putting on, figure out exactly what the nutrient content is and how much you're actually putting on there of NP and K. You know, here again, that's about kind of a typical rate for beef manure, 15 to 25 tons would be very typical. They start getting up to 66 tons and you can't probably see that, but there again, we're putting on 528 pounds of phosphorus. So we're increasing our cell test levels, you know, 25 parts per million. So after two or three applications of that, your phosphorus is off the charts. You're probably higher than you'd ever need to be agronomically, you're almost starting to teeter on that area where you can have some environmental issues when you get up that high. So it's just awareness, you know, just coming out there and helping you guys get those things figured out is what we like to do, so we're always glad to do that. Is there a right time and a wrong time to put manure on? Sure, yep, sure is. That's a good time, right? Is this a good time? Well, sometimes from a logistical standpoint, it might be a good time. That's the only time you can get out there. That's when you got more time to haul manure, but more and more all the time, public perception is telling us this is not a good idea and research is telling us that is not a good idea from all the studies kind of across the Midwest. Whenever you put manure on top of a frozen soil or snow covered or frozen surface and then you get more snow or rain on top of that, you'll think about the March thaw. If this was sitting there in March and starts to thaw, where's it gonna go? It doesn't usually go in, it usually goes off, so. So this is something we're really trying to get away from. Some states have flat out banned winter application. South Dakota, you still can, but again, trying to make sure we're putting it in the right spot if we're doing that so we don't have issues down the road. So the right place, again, would be an ideal situation would be out there setting up zones and would be applying our manure into exactly those correct zones where it's needed. We do these little water quality risk assessment maps and we develop a nutrient plan. Basically what we do is identify areas that are water conveyances. So if you have a drainage ditch or a waterway or a tile inlet, whatever it might be, we'd like to stay at least 100 feet back from those so you don't have that direct conduit into the water source in the spring when water runs off or when you get a rainfall event in the summer. So just being smart, using common sense, if we do that we can keep using manure as a great resource and not get in trouble. Okay, real quickly I wanna talk about kind of phosphorus management and in my mind phosphorus management really is soil management because what does phosphorus typically do if it's not in a real high concentration of soil, it typically binds up to your particles of your soil, your cations, and it stays there. Now, if you get a situation like this where most of your soil is leaving your field, then you're probably sending all that phosphorus right along with it, right? So we don't necessarily wanna see that. This is kind of my short list of things we can do as producers on the landscape to try to keep that phosphorus out there where it's needed by our crops. Number one, just keep our soil test levels reasonable. And in South Dakota, we say 50 parts per million on the Olson 75 in the brain, and that's higher than you need agronomically by quite a bit. Double, just about double. But back in the days when DNR was coming up with their state permit, there was quite a bit of dialogue between DNR and SDSU, NRCS, and some of the research Ron Gelderman did kind of said if you stay under those levels, you probably are going to not have a real big issue with environmental impact as long as your soil stays in place. In other words, your phosphorus isn't gonna go into solution. It's not gonna move like nitrogen. You can get that situation. Some of these soils, if they get super saturated, they're finding that out in Lake Erie now with all the issues out there. They've got such a rich history of livestock production. There are some of their phosphorus levels are two, three, 400 parts per million. When it gets that high, the soilers can't hold it anymore. All the sites are basically saturated. And then actually that phosphorus will move just like nitrogen. It moves through the profile, moves through the tile lines. So that's why we wanna make sure we don't let our soil test levels get too high. And there's no reason, ergonomically, you need to be any higher than that. So keep those in mind. Any kind of conservation practice we can do to keep that soil in place is very important. You know, embracing the variable rate technology, I think we're seeing a lot more guys all the time doing the zone sampling, grid sampling, setting up their units so they can apply their nutrients exactly where they're needed. That's fantastic. You know, install buffers or filter strips along your waterways, lakes, rivers and streams. Oh, about three or four NRCS chiefs ago, Paul Johnson. He was from, I think, Wisconsin, originally a farmer from Wisconsin. He always had this saying, and I always liked it. He always said, farm the best, buffer the rest. I think that's a good saying. You know, if you've got those really sensitive areas right along a river, a creek, a lake, whatever it might be, you know, put a 50-foot grass buffer along there. It's not gonna probably take up that much land. There's actually some good programs through CRP and equipment stuff where you could do that. But you can gain a lot of benefit from an environmental and a water quality standpoint and also a great public perception thing. You know, you don't have to be no much about egg to know if you're, the guys' field cultivators dragging along the, into the creek as you drive along. That looks a lot worse than if there's a nice 50-foot grass buffer there from the public soil. And then again, minimizing our manure and fertilizer application on snow covered and frozen soil is also an important thing. Okay, let's talk about nitrogen management real quickly. And I kind of look at nitrogen management as water management, because what does nitrogen typically do? Kind of moves around where the water is, right? It's kind of the same as water. It moves around phosphorus castings with the soil if it's not in too heavy a concentration. But nitrogen kind of moves around with the water, so. What can we do to help out and keep that nitrogen on the landscape? Again, applying the right rate is really important. Timing, I think, is probably one of the most important thing with nitrogen. You know, if we have soils that are prone to high leaching and that's one of the things we identify when we're doing a nutrient management plan, do we have those high leaching soils, they'll sandy soils, maybe you're something over the big Sioux aquifer where if we've got a lot of nitrate in the profile, there's a real potential for it to leach down. You know, over there a lot of the guys will work out like a split application regime where they put on some urea, probably a planting timer before planting time, but then they'll come back and do some side dressing in season side dressing. So just some things like that can make a big difference. You know, you can look at doing some of the inhibitors, either in urease inhibitors or nitrification inhibitors. I think cover crops have a big place in the nitrogen game. You know, let's just take the manure example if we're going out there after wheat, putting on a big slug of manure. If we've got a cover crop planted on that field, if we do have some of that free nitrogen floating around, instead of leaching down, that nitrogen kind of, that cover crop can sequester that nitrogen and hold it in place and then it can be released the following year or so. And installing some edge-of-field remediation practices, things like denitrifying bioreactors, created wetlands, drained water management. These are some things that are really getting looked at hard, probably not so much here yet, but as you get into like Iowa, Illinois, the big eye states, they've got that nutrient reduction strategy because of the hypoxia issue down in the Gulf of Mexico. Their target, they're supposed to reduce their N and P by like 45% in the next decade or two, which is not possible, number one, but in order to decrease anywhere near where they need to be, they're gonna have to look at some of these kind of things. I always say if you're installing new tile, which isn't a big deal out here, but for the East it is, be thinking about maybe the right time to put in a bioreactor, something like that is actually when you're doing that tile installation. That's when you can really get it to fit in there nice, so. Whoops. Okay, so there are some additional resources. Take a picture of it. You want to write it down if you wanna research a little more some of the stuff I was visiting with you about here today and you've got the presentation in front of you. There's my contact information, so I'm gonna, before I leave, I'll offer you some free stuff. So, what can I offer you that's free? I'm from the government, I can't offer too much, but I could write a Neutron Management Plan for you if you guys have a livestock facility that you're permitted with DNR. I know a lot of guys are working through their new permits right now. 2017 DNR came out with their new permits, so if you need a Neutron Plan updated, call me, I can help you with that. If you have a livestock operation that has a feedlot or something you've ever thought about maybe designing a containment system for your feedlot, my team does that as well. It just starts with a phone call. Email me your phone call. We'll come out. We're not regulatory. Very important to remember, NRCS is not regulatory. We come out, look at your operation. If we can help you out with some things, we will. If we see the biggest train wreck in the world and you say I don't wanna do anything, that's fine too. We're not gonna turn the end, we're not gonna report you to DNR. We're just there to help you if you want help, so. That's the first thing I can offer you, some free technical assistance if you want it. I can offer you a free manure sample. So if you've never sampled a manure on your operation, if you have livestock, give me a call. I've got a little grant right now. I can actually pay for the manure sample. We can run that carbon to nitrogen ratio for you. So just give me a call or email me. I can either send you a kit where I can come out and help you pull it, whatever you wanna do. Then one thing that's came to me today, I think because of our first speaker, I thought, hey, that's a good idea. I'm gonna jump on that. He talked about, have you ever dug a soil pit on your farm and looked at your profile? Anybody ever done that? Dan has? Did you learn something from that? Worthwhile, isn't it? So what I'm gonna offer you here is we actually have a little mini excavator. We can go down about 10 or 12 feet. If anybody is ever interested in digging a soil pit, you know, call me up, let me know. Give us a little forewarning because we use that to dig our sites and we're doing our ag waste systems, but I'll definitely get you on the rotation when we're in your area. We'll swing by, we can dig you a little pit wherever you wanna dug to look at your profile, your field, and maybe you can learn something from that too. So there's my three freebies for today.