 Dear student and my dear farmers, in these past lesson series especially on the last three classes, we have seen case studies on crop management, case studies on pest and disease management and case studies on livestock and poultry. Now let us try to examine the cost-benefit x-ante analysis. The weather situation is anticipating wet spell of 6 days with rainfall of more than 10 m per day and the stage of the crop is nursery stage one day after sowing. We are going to receive about 60 millimetre rainfall. The agro advisory is you irrigate on the evening hours and drain it in the next day morning and this may be continued for two days till the germinated seedlings gets established. Now let us see the cost-benefit analysis. A farmer has adopted this technology, what amount of money he will get by adopting this technology or I can say that how the risk is being reduced in terms of money. So by doing this operation, he is giving irrigation the first day evening, next day training it is getting repeated for two days, the cost comes to 600 rupees. Is there any reduced risk to do this irrigation, no. So subtotal is 600 rupees. Now let us go for the gains. In terms of realization of additional grain yield of 400 kg at rupees 10 per kg since the seedling establishment was better in this case by providing irrigation and training in the next day. So he gets an amount of rupees 4000 rupees per acre or per 4000 meter square. Loss avoided on account of re-sowing, there was no re-sowing because it was protected by providing irrigation and training in the next day that was again 500 rupees. So totally the farmer gets about 4500 rupees, what he spent around 600 rupees. So there is a benefit of 3900 rupees per acre per 4000 meter square. If this technology was not done, the farmer has to go for re-sowing and he has to lose the time also, seasonal time sowing is lost, seasonal transplant timing is lost. So against that if you go for this agro-adversary based on the anticipated weather the farmer gets about 3900 rupees as an additional income in tan, in addition he also reduces the crop production losses. Next we move to another X and A analysis for your weather situation and dissipating wet spell of 6 days with rainfall of more than 25 mm per day that is 150 millimeter at the time of tailoring stage of the rice. Now the agro-adversary is you drain the excess water so that the tillers will be developed very effectively. Now the additional cost on providing drainage it comes to 1200 rupees per acre or per 4000 meter square. Is there any reduced return due to this providing drainage? No. Then total your losses or total additional cost is 1200 rupees. What would be the gains? So in terms of having 3, 2, 4 extra tillers per plant by draining the water he gets additional 600 kg higher yield at a 10 per kg that is 10 per kg. So the total amount he gets is around 6000 rupees, is there any reduced cost nothing? So total benefit is 6000 rupees, total cost is 1200 and if you deduct the farmer gets 4800 rupees. What I like to say is by doing simple drainage with the cost of 1200 rupees the farmer is going to get 4800 rupees addition then you get 150 mm of rainfall consecutively over 6 days. Is it not a benefit to the farmers? Is it not a benefit to the nation? Is it not a benefit to your grain protection? So we have to retune or refine our agro-adversaries based on your anticipated weather forecast when farmer is being adopted he gets your additional income in addition to crop losses also. Let us see one more example for another situation where anticipating high relative humidity combined with the minimum temperature especially for the panicle in season stage of rice. Now we have seen in the last classes that whenever this situation occurs you may get your blast or your aluminum spore of diseases in rice. So the advisory is to go for plant protection whether you go for your garbantison spray or your mannkos or for campaigning spray with these two chemicals. So this disease anticipated disease to be initiated based on your forthcoming weather go for spraying you will be spending 1500 rupees per acre or 4000 meter square. So total cost comes to 1500 rupees per acre. What would be the additional benefit by doing this plant production measures? So additional yield is 500 kg at rupees 10 per kg so you will be getting 5000 rupees. By doing simply one spray you are getting 5000 rupees by spending 1500 hence the farmer gets an additional benefit of 3500 rupees. So when all farmers do this agro-adversaries or execute this type of agro-adversaries means automatically they also get benefited in terms of money but also you reduce the disease instance and also you reduce the spread of the disease across the rice field area. I also to say some that summary the results were clearly revealed that I also like to focus based on the case studies based on your cost-benefit analysis. By adopting agro-adversary at the field level would possible benefits to the farmers in terms of providing enhanced cash flow. Cash is being regularly available to the farmers by reducing the weather and climate related rice production risk. The study hypothesis envisaged that whenever weather based agro-adversaries adopted by the farmers this is very very important whenever weather based agro-adversary is adopted by the farmers there would be profound reduction in production risk rather than I can say that weather related crop production risk. So all farmers in the India or across the world must go for hereafter rather based form decisions so that crop production can be sustained to meet the food demand from the growing population thank you very much.