 Advanced disease detection and prevention methods are crucial in minimizing crop damage and maximizing productivity in agriculture, with laboratory-based techniques such as PCR, IF, FISH, ELISA, FCM, and GCMS being direct detection methods, while thermography, fluorescence imaging, and hyperspectral techniques are indirect methods. Biosensors based on highly selective biorecognition elements like enzyme, antibody, DNA slash RNA, and bacteriophage are also emerging as new tools for early identification of crop diseases. This article was authored by Yifang and Ramaraja P. Ramasamy.