 Thank you very much. The first thing to say is that, inevitably, if I have got up on the screen, the first of what I hope is going to be the only mistake. So, when you see Sawsbury Theatre of Treasure House seen from the north, it is in fact Sawsbury Theatre of Treasure House seen from the south. But, with that, I will stop. So, the subject of my PhD thesis was the treasury of Dessarario, the fonds part of every medieval cathedral or church. Such a building usually takes the form of a man who is attached to the gysyllt of the church, with no reasonable distance of high order. Its function as storehouse for crisis, apesiasis or treasure belonging to the church, meant that it was accessible to only a few privileged individuals. Nevertheless, many such buildings are splendid pieces of architecture in their own right. Within these buildings were conserved for churches' values. These included, one, chalices, patterns, fixes, candlesticks, sensors used in services. Two, relics were also conserved in treasure houses, enclosed in such as robes. Three, the books used during the liturgy, including large gospel books and sources, were also conserved within the church treasury. Four, the treasury was also the depository for the church's destines. Five, in addition, the treasury conserved the legal documents which attested to the ownership of the church. And six, finally, it conserved the money given by the faithful. All these treasures were endowed with profound spiritual significance, but they were of immense value in world terms. In many ways, treasure houses were predecessors both of modern museums and of modern banks. In studying their use, it is possible to discern the concerns of their creators to limit access to all but a few privileged people, while at the same time claiming that their contents were for the benefit of everyone. Concerns not unfamiliar in our region. Secure with these home depositories, that they were used by secular monuments to bank their values. For instance, in 1215 King John of England hid part of his own treasure, Vasa, Poclobia, Aurea, et al-Genta, at Fante Zona. In 1290-91, Payment was made, and we may hear more about it later, for, quote, paving the treasure house of King's Wardrobe at Westminster Avenue. Erasmus described his visit to see the treasures of Canterbury Cathedral about 1513, which he asserted were by no means shown to everyone, quote, he. Erasmus, I, in other words, only claimed access, because, quote, union warring of the archbishop had given me a letter of introduction. So, treasure houses had rooms and contents. In the ages, the Ecclesiastical Treasure House was often referred to as a fecerarium, a treasury in the sense of the building containing treasure. Erasmus, the case of the Cathedral of Wales, whose statues specified that Prince Christopher Sessions should leave the cathedral by the west door and make the circuit of treasury, cloister and cemetery. Circumence, thecerarium, classroom, the cerarium. I was lucky to find in one almost accidental reference to Lincoln Cathedral's treasury in a 13th century source concerning the house of the mate of Dynan chapter surrounding the cathedral. From a manuscript in the Theodolarchas, I learned that a particular house, number 34 in Steele, no longer in existence, was described between 1263 and 1272 as lying to the south of the treasury. Since the location of the house is known, it's possible to confirm that the cathedral annex immediately to the north, that is the building that I had assumed to be the treasury, was indeed the treasury. Once it was formally established that Miss Alex was a treasure house, it was possible to confirm as treasure houses other contemporary annexes to cathedrals, which share the same design of fittings and fittings. These included that adage filled cathedral, these other chapel have been the depository for the head of St Charles. Its examples include those at Bayer Cathedral, at Bowwick Cathedral and Arnham Cathedral, now destroyed, whose upper chamber had housed the head of St John Baptist. The problems derived from the use of the word treasure stems from its lack of precision. On the one hand it may refer not to the entire building, but only to one room within that building. One whose sole functions conserve values. On the other hand, the word treasure may be used for a collection of treasure rather than a building. Leo of Ostia, discussing the Abil Church of Monte Cassino, shortly before 1075, wrote, quote, beside the north apps, desideries built a two-roomed house for conserving the treasure used in the service of the church. Donalds had Pissarum re-condendens. A charter of 1241, along with the Cathedral of Notre-Dame Paris, refers to the cathedral's daughter Cesaris, treasure house. The advantage of this appellation is that it allows for a recognition that a number of them are contended in my building. These are called treasure house. The most important, and indeed the only essential one, is the sacristy, named variously Sacristiae, Sacrarian and Sacretariae. This was described by the 13th century theologian Duranus, quote, the sacristy or place where the holy vessels are deposited or where the priest puts on his rose is the womb of the Blessed Mary, where Christ puts on his rose of humanity. The priest having wrote himself comes forth into the public view because Christ, having come from the womb of the Virgin, proceeded forth into the world. In many avid churches and cathedrals, one chamber did not provide enough room to store vestments, nor an area large enough for the celebrants to engrow, so that a second subsidiary space was provided for this activity, named the vestiarum or the redestiarum. Sometimes if one room combines the royal sacristy as well as the vestrium, it is named in sources as a vestiarum or redestiarum rather than Sacristiae, Sacrotariae or Sacrarian. This was the case in the 11th century constitutions which Landfranc had beth artificial of Canterbury wrote in his marks. From examining the extracts from which the words Sacrotariae, Sacrarian and the vestiarum draw, it is apparent that they all refer to the same changer. Landfranc's favourite of the word vestiarum is important for English studies of treasure houses because the writers of English medieval documents often chose this name, or redestiarum, for the chamber which in fact reports the dual role of Sacristiae's vestrium. The essential role of the treasure house was administered to the Eucharist. Christians believe that Sacristiae gays its sanctity from the presence within of Brodynmar, being metamorphosised through priestly vesti into the body and blood of Christ. This would be the case where the complete pieces of concentrated bread, the reserve sacrament, were kept in the Sacristiae, or whether the golden breastings consisted in no more than the miniscule traces of bread and wine still clinging to the Eucharistic vessels after they had been returned to the Sacristiae after mass. My only reference is to keeping the reserve sacrament in the Sacristiae. And on the maxim in his 9th century commentary on the auditorial arm is stated that the conserved ghost should be kept on the altar or in the Sacristiae. The instructions in the 13th century statutes of Cologne and Cathedral are that on the Feast of St Peter in chains quote the sacrament, consecrated post, should be carried to the Sacristiae in the same way as happens on all other Sundays. The Regulation of the Fourth Latin Council told 15 dictated the reserve sacrament must be kept within strict care under lock and key. These strictures could be met through the use of a locked receptacle or cupboard if the Eucharist was kept as an altar in the main space of the church. Nevertheless greater security could be achieved if the sacrament were conserved within the lock of Sacristiae. During passion time on the night between more than Thursday and Good Friday the Sacristiae was often the lock of Sacra where the consecrated Eucharist was conserved. In the 12th century Bishop Henry of Bloir of Winchester during whose bishopric and new Sacristiae was created gave the cathedral and quote ivory picks in which is placed the body of the Lord Patista. Thus the Sacristiae took on the role of the tomb of Christ. In order to perform this function a suitably embellished niche or tabernacle is necessary. Here are examples of that byer and this role. It was because of this sacred role that Sacristiae were provided with altars although in Britain many of them lost their order as a result of the Reformation. The Sacristiae was devoted to cleansing of the Eucharistic vessels and the linen corpus after that. For this reason a sink was needed together with a source of water. The sink or lavatora is often embellished with decoration to match its sacred function. Examples shown here come from the Sacristias of St. Peter Mancrot in Norwich Ambrosell Cathedral. The water needed for the ritual cleansing of the Eucharistic vessels and the house of priests of the Old Mass needed to be worn. And so it was necessary to have within the treasure house a fireplace whose stove could also serve to light sensors. Reference since the 1260 Lincoln concertoed in AIDS made the role of fireplace clear. It is directed that in preparation for 1,000 foot-water ceremonies the servants of the church must heat up water on the stove in the treasure room. It was there that particularly satisfactory to find the fireplace within the treasure house at Lincoln, hidden behind centuries of partitioning and grind. It can also be seen on many treasure houses including this one at Charles Peter. We're an essential feature of Sacristias as were chests in which treasures were conserved. Among many examples of cavers here are original cavers still in use which I'm sure I'm not going to be sharing you. In the treasure houses are cannibalised of our church cathedral. The importance of the Sacristias cavers was signified by an internal string course which had been at the upper left which rises and falls around the areas of war in which the cavers are placed. The same distinctive string course acts almost as an adversity on the exterior of the building to mark the presence of these cavers and their contents on the other side of the wall. Finally, the way how to be found are story vestments. Many cathedral still use wooden coaches although many of these have been out of the treasure houses where they previously located. In 1901 people could still remember the vertical timbers of the coat press in the west end of the vestry of Westminster Avenue. This had been described in the early 18th century as, quote, a set of cranes of wood swinging as if in a rack on which formerly the coats and vestments in common use were hung. Treasure houses often contained, in addition to Sacristia vestry, one or more treasure rooms which were well-protected, protected and difficult for access. An extreme case was at Viol where the 13th century treasure room was located above the vault of the Cammons vestry and could be approached only by means of a ladder and access through the vault's central boss. Both Moyer and Wells Cathedral contained 13th century vaulted treasure chambers, essentially strong rooms, discretely located up the narrowest of Neill Stairs in positions that it would be impossible for outsiders to find. Right, I'm now going to go on to the location. Bastic treasure houses or treasure rooms were positioned on the side of the monastic building connected to the church. Thus, these private spaces, together with their contents, were unfolded within a layer of protection comprising the spaces of the church on one side and those of the monastery on the other. To show as clearly as possible the position of the various chambers that have created a digital model of a generic monastery. The range of buildings which later were used to contain on the ground floor the Sacristi Camm vestry. It was located adjacent to the east end of the church as close as possible to the high altar. On the other side of it was the Chatterhouse. More above was the long monastic dormitory. Next to the dormitory immediately to the east end immediately above the east end of the Sacristi and the Chatterhouse laid the treasure room. Its location allowed easy access to the Sacristi and its contents were protected not only during the day but also at night time by its proximity to the dormitory. The dissolution inventory of the Cistercian Abbey of Waley in Lancashire refers to, quote, a little chamber in Dauntop in which were deposited 15 chalices with their patterns all built. Secular cammons on the other hand had to meet the challenge that marks escaped. Because cammons, sorry, occupied their own houses situated close to their church but not physically connected to it and because they acquired toisters only in the late Middle Ages their treasure houses did not enjoy the privacy of monastic establishments but were attached to the exterior of churches where they were visible to outsiders. For this reason the visual images conveyed by choice and style of decoration of treasure houses built for secular cammons might be intended for a wider audience than for marks. Many treasure houses take the form of a miniature tower consisting of basements or semi-basements and a number of superimposed rooms. This of course is practical. However, and here is images of treasure houses in France that take this form, these buildings closely match the treasure houses called Gatsau Filakia that the prophet Ezekiel described in his vision of the heavenly temple. In the mid-12th century the Parisian canon Richardus and Victor in Ezekiel drew the northern Gatsau Filakia treasure house as a three-story structure surrounded by basements. In order to provide extra security the lowest story was half buried in the ground. As you can see, the 13th century treasure house at Lincoln originally basmented closely matches Richard's drawing. Copies of Richardus and Victor's work rich a number of libraries in the 12th and 13th century. Volume 237, 13th century library of Canterbury Cathedral Ricardo's de Sacto Victoria Continent Libros 24 Cun Parti gwasiwys. That a copy of Richardus and Victor's in Ezekiel was available for study in Lincoln seems not unlikely, since its chancellor from 1192 to 1213 William de Monte had come to Lincoln from the same victory in the school in Paris where Richard had lived and worked. At this point I can't resist showing you the Gatsau Filakia in the lower treasure room at Lincoln, a beautiful chamber that for many years has acted a storage for the cathedral's central heating field. A number of treasure houses was centrally found. Their chambers, one above the other, are covered by umbrellas whose ribs fan up in the central support. Thus they emulate. It can be seen as scaled up versions of the vessels which they conserved round pixes with pyramidal grooves, polyglomeral sacramentiles, centricland stone, cygory, whose purpose was to have been the eukarystic containers. Right, I'll end this later with a list of three avenues for further research. Short on the score, at least, I think it's talked about very briefly. There are three pixes conserved. OK, the first avenue for research is about the use in treasure houses of the round arch within an architectural framework that is of the Gothic style. When it appears in the late 12th century buildings it may not be so surprising even though its appearance seems to make a deliberate statement as in this case of Beverly Minster. It is consistently used throughout the medieval period and is seen, for example, in Prague Cathedral where the doors into the Wenceslas chapel itself a treasure house of the Crown of Earth Bohemia and the windows of the two-storey sapsty to the north of the choir are rounded within a building whose architectural language is Gothic. Similarly, the windows of the treasure house of the 14th century in Nuremberg are round a deliberate departure from the pointed arches of the rest of the building. The deliberate use of the old fashion style was highlighted in the late 20th century by Butcher when he showed its use on reliquids and cyborium. He hypothesised that this choice of design gave the viewer the impression of greater antiquity which reinforced the authenticity of Nuremberg. The second potential research I did is a caretaker to provide sacrifices with ambitious faults. The importance placed in providing sacrifices on the stone wall can be claimed from the Dominicans who insisted that neither should the church be visited in stone but nevertheless qualified this quote, except perhaps over the church, over the choir and the sacristy. A stone vault is, of course, safe last against fire. However, sacristy vaults encountered in a significant number of examples in my study are extremely ambitious, including the vault of Catering Des Diaryon, the vaults of St Pallion Cologne, of Linkwick Theatre and of these examples here. Examples of the ambitious vaults are included. Sorry, I've done it wrong. Recently, Yd Galdey, in discussing an over-sailing pendant vault within the 13th century sacristy of St Paul van Toa, noted that, quote, it is curious that they should have placed such a spectacular and up-to-date moment in a place where it was never going to be seen and as you see this happening in Prague as well. Like the altar, the sacristy, as I have argued, could claim to be the tomb of Christ in this respect. Its vaulting served a dignified, sacred role in the same way that of an altar cyborion. In Bristol, the same type of vaulting was chosen for the sacristy as had been used a few years previously over Christ's tomb, the Easter Saddler Perth, ending from the theatre. Ablio research is the presence of menacing cobbleheads in many sacristies. Most famous of these are within 13th century sacristy, the St Faith's Chapel, of Westminster Avenue. But they find their counterparts in the treasure houses of Lincoln and Exeter and in the Westminster Royal Jewel Tower. Now, hopefully you can see through this box, it is a forehead with flattened boxes, noses, wide-open mouths and menacing rows of teeth. Finally, within the sacristy of Bristol Cathedral, situated above the tappermetral, which held the reserve of sacraments, is a cobblehead whose mouth gates open showing beyond a row of other teeth a hideous view into the mouth cavity. Most distasteful of all, a huge tongue longs downwards, projecting to the extent that it almost appears to be linking the finial with the tappermetral before the row. So, you will see from this that treasure houses have much of interest within them for the visitor. And my conclusion is that treasure houses are in danger. Their contents are being moved out leaving them without a rod. In England, the rods that they recently fulfilled, for instance for cryo-practice are being brought to an end. This conference should shall sound the alert.