 O'r cyfawr, ydydd yn unig i'n cael ei bod eu bod, ac sydd ydych i siarad yn ysgolwch. Mae gweithio'r ysgolwch ddoedd yn llwyfo'r hyn, rydych chi'n barod yn golygu'n gymhoedd. A chi'n rhai o'r wathio â'r ysgolwch, a wni-o rwyf wedi'i gion byddwch i ei wneud. Ddiolch yn y gweld. Rwy'n ymddun gweld, lle ei arddangos a'i werthio ar gyfer y styml. a'r llwyddoedd y lleolion i'r ffordd. Mae'n ddoron, er mwyn i'r hollwch amsrach, felly mae'n ffordd eich bod yw'r hollwch arwain. Ac mae'n ffordd o'r trefwys, yn i'r gwblod Eradwyr, Ond Oman, By ngày, ac i Mhreun yn y恭wys yn gweithio, mae'n oedol ei hwn i gwneud o bethau. Rydw i'n rhaid i'r bobl anodd i'r rhoesol ar gweithio eich hwn. dymaent fod y Ysgrifennid Acroedd, wrth gweithio 57 pethau a'r llwyddon nesaf'r anghy picnod yma, yn Ysgrifennid Acroedd Llyfrgell Meriadau Cyfraeg, neu oedd ei maen nhw'n gweithio ei dod o hollio cyfan yn welvarol, a'r sefyllfa yng nghymru, ac yn y femnid gan unrhyw ffordd sy'n gweithio i fynd i好 i chi datbygu i ymddir ei wneud ymำain ym hynny, o ran rhai arddur wedi amser... Roeddwn i'n mynd i bwysig ei ddweud o'r cyfnod o'r gweithio a'r ddechrau ac coulddwyd o'r ddysgu a'r rhai i ddweud o'r ddweud o'r ddweud o'r ddweud o'r ddweud. I'm going to make this myself, and it's going to pull me in, and it's going to go, and it's going to pull you in, and it's going to pull you in. Rhyngwbeth fel rhaedon, gweld rhaedon yn arig ar y dryf yn amlant, daeth yr ymarfer. Rhaedon yn dda o fy mfOTT, ond rhaedon yn darwdd yn dod i ddeidydd. The Kingdom is the largest economic market in the Middle East, its GDP is $700 plus billion, in 2012 which is more than twice that of the UAE, which is the second largest market in the Middle East. And it's the only member in the Middle East, North Africa, that's ond hynny'n rhaid i'r ddwyliadau cymaint o'r Rhwng deistru. Rwy'n teimlad i'r Rhwng, ac yn fyddio bryddoedd o Brysbun yn 2014, oherwydd mae'n gofynidol yn ei meddyglいただid o dillaf. The economic growth there is quite remarkable, just under 7%. It'll drop a little bit next year at about 4.5% o'r bwysig iawn yw'r $260 bln byddiaeth ddweud o bobl, a'r bobl yn cael ei bod yn rhan wych yn ei hawl. Mae'r bwysig iawn, mae'n ddweud o bobl yn bwysig iawn. Yn rhan oes, mae'n bwysig iawn yn cael ei fod yn cael ei ddweud, mae'n rhan oes yn cael $50 bln byddai'n gweithgol, today's example. Is in this country will be launched if they could only have some of that as a surplus. There are reserves of the third largest in the world after China and Japan at about $680 billion. So they're cashed up and they're very serious about development in a big way. They've got a population of 28 million. They are not the largest population by a country in the GCC by a population, that's Yemen. Because if you take away the $8 million Mae'r cyfrifwyr ffynol yw'r cyfrifwyr yn sîr, mae'r cyfrifwyr yn y 19 miliwn i'w gwaith yn ymwneud, mae'r cyfrifwyr yn y 4 miliwn, a fyddai'n gweithio'r cyfrifwyr yn ymwneud. Yma, y cyfrifwyr yw'r cyfrifwyr yn cyfrifwyr mewn cyfrifwyr yn y 1 miliwn eich eu ddoedd, a 60% i'r rhaglion yn 30%. Ond yn ymwneud, mynd i'r 30% erbyn 15%. Mae'r bwysig iawn i'r pobl yn ymddangos. Mae'r ysgolwyr yn ymddangos ar gweithio 25,000. Ond yna'r bwysig iawn i'r ffasg sy'n cyfweld hwnnw. Rwyf yn gweithio'r bwysig iawn i'r glas, ond mae'r bwysig iawn yn ei gwych yn gwneud. Rydw i'n cael ei wneud hi i gael yn y ffridaeth, mae'n gweithio'r maen nhw yn ysgolwyr. Rydw i'n cael eu bod yn 15 minu oherwydd yna'r ymddiadau i'r bwysig. .. describe them, and see kids running round their feet, the poor areas where.. ..it's not all glitzy by any means. The Saudis are investing very heavily in their development. They have a development plan for 2010-2014.. ..that involves $380 billion worth of investments, which they added.. ..another $130 billion, too. And that's partly to create jobs for their 300,000 new entrants into the labour force. a chynau'r bwysig i ddweud y 300,000 o gweithio'r cyffredinol yn ymgyrch. Yn y ffordd y ddechrau, y King Abdullah, sy'n gweithio'n ddod, sy'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio'n ddod, ac mae'r cyfrannu yn y cyfrannu'r cyfrannu yn y ddechrau yma. Mae'r ddod yn gweithio'n ddod, ac mae'n gweithio'n ddod o'i ddod. Mae'r ddod o'i ddod yn y ddod, Mae'r criclwm yn ddysgwyddiadol i'r cysybethau, ychydig i'r criclwm yn ddysgwyddiadol. Rwy'n credu cymdeithas Delawn, ond ond ond ond yn ddysgwyddiadol. Ysbrydio'r criclwm yn gofyniol, mae'n gweithio'r cysybethau. Mae'r cysybethau yn gyfgolwch, ond mae'n cyflawni'r cysybethau, a yw bod ymdweithio'r cyfwyr ymddiadol. Mae'r bwysig ar y cyfnod 150,000 sgoloshirodol agnoladol yng Nghymru mae'r sgoloshirodol yn yr anhygoel. Mae'n gwybod yn ymgyrchu nhw'n dweud o'r pethau sy'n ddechrau, mae'r bwysig arall yn ymwysig. Yn ymwysig, mae'n weithio'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio'n gweithio. Dymesticlu 10 yr yw, mae'n 7 uniborstau yn Sad Euraviau, mae'n 27 uniborstau. Mae'n dweud o gweithio'n 130 enwyd o'r hospitalau ac 17 ymwysig ar yr anhygoel. so there's an enormous amount of money going into building infrastructure in the social side. They've also decided they want a financial city so 50 billion dollars are going to build 60 great big towers in one area in Riau to build a financial city in order to try and attract some of the financial expertise from the region into Saudi. Now there's some economy status and that recently wasn't that optimistic about its ability to attract some of the interested investors from other region countries but the Saudis are certainly confident that they will make it worth that while and there are some speculation that's well if you want to do business here this is where we want you to have your office. Structural problems are banned 90% of the private sector are expatriates and 90% of the public sector are Saudis. Saudis don't really want to work in the private sector the salaries aren't there and you have to have long hours or longer hours and the public sector is like in many countries seems as much the preference but the Saudi government is aware of this and they're taking steps to try and increase the attractiveness of the private sector by also forcing the private sector to employ more Saudis and they have a nittacard system and you can be either in the traffic light system with red, orange and green depending on whether you meet the criteria of 30% of your staff have to be Saudis if you've met that criteria you're in the green and you can get visas for foreign staff if you haven't met that criteria in the red they won't give you visas and they'll make you get rid of expatriate staff so there's a lot of focus on getting Saudis employed they've also put I think $600 a year if you want to bring an expatriate labour in you have to pay a $600 fee basically because the rents of the salaries are much lower for expatriates so it makes it very difficult to employ Saudis but if you talk to Saudis they will say oh Saudi labourers or Saudi workers you know once say I have one employee he's lost his grandmother three times in a funeral so they get very frustrated at them and so there is this issue of working culture and work ethic that the private sector and these are Saudi private sectors people want to develop in the young Saudis and that's partly why they're sending the Saudis overseas is to see well this is how you have to operate in the developed world and if you want to be competitive and as some of you have done business in Saudi Arabia some of the larger companies have got world-class Saudi managers and also that reflects to the quality of the ministers some of whom have been in their jobs several years we don't have such a turnover in Saudi Arabia as we do in some other countries of ministers although there have been some changes recently so that's just a quick snapshot on Saudi Arabia and what I just shift to now is how we've perceived and what the relationship is between Australia and Saudi Arabia. We've got a good brand in Saudi Arabia I think if you talk to people about Saudi Australia there's an increasing recognition mainly because of the students that come over here but also there's this significant other people-to-people activity where we have at least 3000 Muslim pilgrims a year going to Saudi Arabia for the pilgrimage and there's this whole people-to-people links between different Islamic organisations and Islamic schools and that is for many Saudis they're quite surprised about this but more and more people know about it. The Gold Coast always figures when you talk to Saudis when I met the Crown Prince he said oh yes I went to the Gold Coast 11 years ago or 10 years ago and he remembers it very fondly many Saudis tend to like to go to the Gold Coast and study there. If you talk a little bit more they'll know we have camels and that's always a good subject of conversation until we start talking about our live sheep exports and when we bring up this you that we're very concerned about how our live sheep are processed and advertised etc they'll come and say well yeah but you shoot camels. It's an awkward moment because they do love camels in it but we then have long discussions about they're not the same as Saudi camels. If you go to the camel market in Saudi Arabia and the camel would come and put his head on the owner and they'd just be-I was saying in Australia you need six men to tie the dams, feral camels they're not the same but it's a good point of conversation and it does actually lead into a broader which does help when you talk about infrastructure, railways in the desert, mining, green buildings, sustainable energy that it leads into a broader discussion into camels which is probably a little bit more constructive but it's still it gets their interest. We have as you probably know around there's about 11,000 Saudi students in Australia plus 6,000 family members that brings in at least half a billion dollars a year into our economy. In Canberra at the cultural centre they employ the Saudi cultural centre and employ 135 plus Australians to help run the Saudi scholarship programme. When the scholars come over they come over from an environment where they're used to being looked after and everything is done for them and that is the same here. The cultural attaché office there, their role is to make sure the Saudi students have everything from accommodation, if they need to see a doctor they will organise it. It's very much a we look after you, it's a travel agent kind of relationship and so many universities are dealing with rather with the student directly they have to deal with the cultural office and that is because one there's expectations there but I think for the most Saudi ambassadors the thing they fear most is their students complaining to Riyadh about that they're not being looked after well enough because this is the king's programme and the king many times says how important this is to him so Saudi ambassadors can't do enough to make sure that their high maintenance students are maintained as much as they can which of course reflects especially on universities here that have to try and manage that so there are higher expectations. The trade with Saudi Arabia has dropped off over the last few years particularly in live sheet that's the total two-way trade that's about $2.2 billion but a lot of the trade that's going to the UAE is at which is greater I think is in a $3.5 or $3.8 billion a lot of that is destined for Saudi Arabia. We're not a big player in Saudi Arabia. The Europeans, the Americans have had long history they've also got quite significant economic problems and so in their own countries that they're really focusing on the Middle East and Saudi in particular especially in the last few years they've been very aggressive from universities and other companies going into Saudi trying to get those big contracts and they are helped by the fact that as those of you who visited Saudi know the personal links are really very important so the Spanish king will pick up the phone to the king and Saudi Arabia say this is really good the rail contract coming up we've got the Spanish company there we hope you give it due consideration. Francois Hollande will come out Cameron will come out, Prince Andrew even with the Chinese Premier Premier has just visited the Japanese Prime Minister the Turks have last year I think 40 plus ministerial visits and we don't we know we have two last year and we just can't compete on that level or that level of access so we're not going to be the top players in Saudi nor can we aim to be but having said that I think there is a lot of opportunity there then as many of you in this room know for those niche players are going into subprimes the once you've got that relationship with Saudi and it takes time then I think that opens doors to other opportunities now we have had our foreign minister Bob Carr visited and also the Minister of Agriculture Ludwig has also visited and but we've also had some useful state visits including from Victoria and the state visits we sort of have to fudget a little bit because they don't quite understand where the state fits in but you know if you've got a governor or a prime premier it's it you know it sort of has some resonance and we sort of eventually sort of say well it's a bit like the Emirates you know we've got seven Emirates and you know ah okay you know so they they can understand it from from that way um the top actually exports from Australia last year was vehicles um 800 million dollars so the Camry and uh is still I think the largest export market that is in Saudi Arabia for the Camry and the the Saudis will say oh yes the Camry is a good car if it's made in Australia it's good and they they do differentiate between Camrys made in Australia made elsewhere um okay so looking ahead Saudi Arabia is becoming increasingly active regionally it's it's one of the few stable countries there since the demise of Egypt and in the sense of being the leader of the Arab world and focus more on domestic issues Saudi Arabia is taking a much more assertive role in regional politics um it's well placed financially it's got those 680 billion dollars of reserve so it's stocked up and it's it's got a you know healthy treasury to to back itself um it but it it has significant challenges and the interesting thing is is that most of the Saudi ministers you talk to are fully aware of these challenges they have no illusions um they need to diversify and they're working very hard to go um uh in their plastics and and oil related market they've got this huge plastics and uh other derivatives of of oil uh going and that's very successful they also realise that uh out of that nine or ten million dollars a day that they produce that they are using at least 20 percent of that domestically for electricity and that this is unsustainable because there are estimates within 15 to 20 years that will be using all their oil exports domestically which will be um not very good for their economy so uh they are having to look at taking away subsidies oil is 12 cents a litre water is more expensive than oil but also renewables and there are plans to build 20 powers nuclear power stations they've got agreements with five or six countries to do that but none has started but the minister of oil and the minister of economy planning are very keen on renewables and solar and that's again something that we've had some discussions with them on and including green buildings etc because they they're building codes are just now being developed and they're very interested in what what we do um there are of course the shale oil discoveries in the US has had quite a shock in some circles in Saudi because the Saudis are worried this will change the nature of the relationship with the United States um someone more senior Saudis have talked to a less worried about it said well when that shale oil is developed and processed in the US it's processed in factories or in plants that we own anyway so we're going to benefit from that and it's a different kind of uh it's light or heavy and they it's it's still they don't they think they're going to still be um buying oil from the United States on on the United States side they're still really sure the Saudis look um we're going to be very interested in that region for a number of reasons regardless of whether we're buying lots of oil from you or not they're trying to reassure them but that's certainly uh up for much discussion at the moment the other big challenge they have is food security the sort of social contract between the Saudi royal family in the Kingdom is we'll provide you we look after you we'll provide you with food we'll provide you with education with health etc and good quality cheap food um so that's subsidised um but uh if the if there if there are if the food when the prices go up there is invariably uh reactions on the street and uh one minister told me you know if we if we let them out of the free market uh operate here they'll throw me out you know they they just it's part of that social contract that the Saudi government has to provide good quality and cheap food and so there's pressure on the Saudi government for food security and so they're looking to Australia not just in live sheep but uh our frozen beef is and chill beef market is is really taken off in the last year and dairy as well they're a very great interest in our our dairy and again so that that has some relevance for for Victoria um other interesting issues succession the king is is in his late 80s early 90s um i don't think that this is going to be uh i think they'll take it and that's tried i don't think there'll be any great uh earthquake politically there they're used to this kind of succession they've got current prints in place and so i think that will work fairly smoothly one of the really interesting strategic issues i think is the whole role of women i mean that is changing very very quickly the king is appointed 20 percent of the parliament of the appointed parliament and are elected to the short council and this one fifth women they thought they were going to be set aside and bury us but they're so sort of they are together but they're in the the same seating areas the men they don't some of them are not wearing they can't just wearing the veil and they can discuss raise issues as everyone else and so there is a women also being encouraged to work more and more um that is going to be i think a significant change and a very good one but that's not without opposition in Saudi Arabia it's still a very very conservative country and when the king announced this and having said this he made sure he said i'd discuss this with religious scholars and we agree that it is good that it's fine to have one fifth of women in the one fifth of the members of the short council being women there was a demonstration outside his palace of about 50 clerics against that saying that it was a dangerous decision it's to go up against the king like that you rarely have ever seen in Saudi Arabia but that does underline it's still a very conservative country um okay just uh uh some opportunities uh i've mentioned it's a niche there are niche opportunities the big question really is where does the Middle East and Saudi Arabia sit in line with the Australian Asia Pacific century and um to me i think the uh the answer would be it's a hedge you know um we've got established links in the Middle East and Saudi Arabia uh the Asia Pacific is going to be front and for in our in our trade relations and our strategic interests but we still have strategic interests in the Middle East in the last 120 110 years i think Australian forces of six wars over six wars have been in the Middle East and where even if it may not be our prime interest it's certainly in our allies interest and we end up there one way or another so it behooves us to keep good relations there strategically but also economically there are a lot of opportunities there they're looking to us in agriculture they're looking to us in resources they're looking to us in services the knowledge based economy and in education opportunity to keep those links open um it would be as a trade you would say a natural hedge tourism they're more and more interested in coming here there's now 130 flights a week between the Gulf and Australia compared to about 70 or 80 with the United States it's quite significant um we've got established links here we've got the cancer of Australia Arab relations and um some of you uh being involved in that we've got the Australia Arab Chamber of Commerce and Industry and we've got the recently formed uh joint the Saudi Australia joint business council and that um i think will be a very useful tool to to build on on links particularly in between on the trade side um finally if you're going to work in Saudi Arabia as you know you need to build trust on the personal level it's the sort of four piece firstly it's personal you need to build that that trust secondly you need patience and most of you who've dealt with Saudi understand that um you need to be persistent and you need to have a presence um if you say and um we really discourage people from saying oh that we really think Saudi Arabia is important and we have an office in Dubai and I come and visit regularly it's like Saudi Arabia coming here saying we really think Australia is important so I've set up a head office in Dunedin and I'm really going to take you seriously it's better to say you're doing them from from from Australia um I think that I'll I'll leave those sort of comments open comments there and then throw the floor to questions on any of those issues thank you