 Good afternoon, good morning, good evening, and welcome to the site event of the Global Conference on Sustainable Mechanization. The site event is called Voices of Youth for Sustainable Mechanization and Digitalization. And the Global Conference started yesterday, it's happening today, and it's also going after for tomorrow, until tomorrow. We also have a very great interest in exhibition, take a look, take selfies. We have equipment and machinery of all sizes and along the value chain. So I think this is a unique opportunity. Let's, you know, let's ride, let's take selfies. My name is Maylin Flores Rojas. I work with FAO at the Plant Production and Protection Division in headquarters. And I work in the same topic as the Global Conference. And I am also happened to be the chairperson of the youth group of my division. And I will going to be moderating today's session with my colleague, Bujo. Thank you so much, Maylin. Greetings to all. My name is Fuyo Mapango. I am co-moderating this session with you. We cannot talk about sustainability of agriculture without the young people. We are the future of agriculture. So it's a pleasure that I stand here today and agriculture engineer by profession and training. And I am supporting the mechanization team and it's a pleasure to be here. So please let's keep it engaged for those that are joining us online. Please feel free to send your questions and we'll be there to answer and where you are joining us from. Thank you, Maylin. Great. Thank you so much. So now let's move to the opening remarks. So I have good news. We are lucky enough to have with us someone that loves youth and trust that we can do a lot in support of the transformation of the sustainable agriculture systems. I'm talking about the deputy director general of FAO, Beth Beko, DRDDG, the floor is yours. Thank you very much. You actually have someone here with you who still thinks that she's young herself, but maybe not quite as young as some of our impressive presenters here. But thank you very much for giving me this opportunity to participate. You are combining a number of topics and areas that are extremely personally motivating and inspiring to me. And certainly the opportunity to engage the next generation of talent in food and agriculture is something that I care very deeply about. But I think many of you have seen me these last few days. You haven't seen me climbing or driving on the equipment, but it's a favorite part of agriculture for me, this space of mechanization, equipment, technology and innovation. I grew up on a family farm in the Midwest of the United States. My sister actually operates that farm today. And she is quite comfortable in operating equipment like we see here, right on the FAO premise, making important purchasing decisions, evaluation decisions about not only technology, but about seed varieties, about marketing decisions, how and when we plant and when we harvest, our conservation practices. That's a lot of decision-making for a young person to take on. And I have a feeling we are going to hear from our presenters today about some of their own personal experiences and how they have been active, how they have built businesses, how they have engaged with farmers and how they have positioned themselves inside the agri-food system. Just really briefly because I don't want to take time in this program from an FAO position because this is an event that is focused on the people who are here with us. But I've given some thought about sort of this relationship that exists between organizations like FAO and young people and the next generation that is excited to be a part of food and agriculture. And I've thought about what is it that we need from each other? And if I were to say, what do we need from youth, from the next generation? We need your fresh perspectives. We need your enthusiasm. And we also need your inherent understanding of modern and digital technologies. This is a generation that was born into a digital world. You are still learning, you are still adapting, you are still getting faster, getting better, advancing yourselves, but it comes so naturally to all of you. And that is a huge asset when we think about the developments in food and agriculture. Your technology skills, again, you're proficient, you're adaptable. These are incredible assets as we see agriculture moving from 1.0 to 3.0 to now. We talk about agriculture version 5.0 that's moved beyond even digitalization. More importantly, I think you have the mindset, you have the imagination, you have the creativity that's needed more than ever to reimagine food and agriculture. We talk about that a lot in this organization, transforming agri-food systems. Transformation's a big word. That means a lot of change. It means that we need bold ideas. It means that again, we need creativity. And so I think from the presentations that we will see today and the inputs that will be provided, I think we'll hear just how encouraging that change is coming. But the flip side to this is, what should you expect from us? What should you expect from the generation or generations that have come before you? Organizations like FAO. And one thing that I think we can commit to you is first, we have to do a better job of giving you more and frequent platforms like this. We have got to continue to include you, bring your stories and your narratives into a sustainable livestock conference, a global sustainable mechanization conference, the ongoing activities, forums, venues, places where leaders and decision makers and private sector executives and civil society leaders all come together, you have to be here with us. And I know you want to be, but it is also our responsibility to give you this space. We also, I think, have to help you tell a better story about agri-food systems. It's getting harder and harder to convince a generation that is growing farther and farther away from a farm about the inspiring opportunities that come by being a part of food and agriculture. So the rest of us have to change the way we communicate. We have to change the visuals. We have to change our stories on our websites. We have to change our press releases. We have to change the storytelling, the communication about food and agriculture. And that's another place where we need help from you. And the final thing, which is I think a great way to close and to conclude my opening remarks, we have to get out of your way. Eventually, there is a time that comes when your leadership, your ability to have the voice in the room, your ability to be on the podium, to be an equal representation in these venues is really important. So with that, I'm going to turn the button off and get out of your way, stay with you, but be here to listen to your own stories, the challenges you face, the things that you're looking to achieve and really pleased to be able to have all of you with us for this really important and historic week at FAO. Thanks. Thank you. I told you she loves us. So let's take this opportunity, you know. Thank you so much, DDG, Beth, for the space, for the time and the trust in us. This is great. Now, we have five speakers coming from all over the world. So let's travel now to Africa. Let's start and go to Cote d'Ivoire. I would like to ask Kaumeza Ode to please provide the presentation. He is the CEO and founder of Firm Bio. He will be presenting in French. So for those of you who need translation, use the headset and select the right channel. And for those connecting online, please select the circle button and select the right language. Thank you. Bonjour à tous. Je m'appelle Kaumeza Muel. Je suis ingénieur agronome de formation et je suis content aujourd'hui d'avoir cette tribune pour parler de mon expérience, de mon entreprise. Je vais faire une présentation sur ma structure et mon entreprise s'appelle Firm Bio SRL. Elle a été créée en 2016 à l'issue du prix d'incubation du jeune entrepreneur émergent. C'est un prix qui reprends les jeunes qui veulent entreprendre dans mon pays la Cote d'Ivoire. Et l'entreprise, elle faut caliser sur la chaîne de valeurs manuques, de la production à la transformation. Et pour arriver à ce... Qu'est-ce qui m'a motivé à créer cette entreprise? C'est la difficulté qu'ont nos parents accoutivés. Vous savez, en Afrique, c'est très difficile de faire l'accouture. Et ce qui m'a motivé, en plus, c'est qu'il y avait des problèmes de commercialisation de la production de mes parents. Il y a aussi la pénibilité due au travail agricole. Et aujourd'hui, nous voyons la rarité de la main d'un au 7h agricole. Les problèmes que nous dressons dans notre entreprise c'est les problèmes de semences. Vous savez, l'entrain agricole qui est la semence de qualité devient le plus impurat dans nos 7h. Donc notre entreprise se propose de dresser la question de la semence. La question liée aux problèmes de commercialisation et les questions liées au désintérêt des jeunes du métier de producteur. Aujourd'hui, les jeunes ne veulent plus faire le métier de producteur parce qu'ils ont vu des parents souffrir dans le champ. Et nous travaillons à redresser cette question. Quels sont les services que notre entreprise offre? Notre entreprise fonctionne avec trois départements qui sont en synergie, un service de production de semences, un service de contractualisation de la commercialisation et plus un service de mécanisation. Ces services fonctionnent en synergie parce que notre entreprise dispose elle-même de ces sites de production de sa semence et puis nous contractualisons avec les agro-industriels de notre zone pour pouvoir leur livrer la production issue de notre production. Nous faisons également dans la préparation du sol pour les producteurs. Parmi la préparation du sol, vous savez, il faut le labo, le pulverisage, le bionnage et nous faisons la production de semences. Quand je dis semences, je parle ici de la semence de Manioc avec plusieurs variétés. Qu'est-ce que nous faisons? Nous achetons avec les centres de recherche les variétés améliorées de semences et nous venons les multiplier sur nos parcelles et plus tard, nous distribuions ces semences aux producteurs qui en ont besoin pour faire leur culture. Nous faisons également les traitements phytosanétaires. Nous avons des équipements pour faire les traitements phytosanétaires pour les producteurs et puis nous faisons tout ce qui est entretien de culture, c'est-à-dire le déshébage et la récote. En plus de ces services, nos clients sont des producteurs. Mais quelles producteurs sont issues d'une plateforme dédiée à la production de Manioc? Et cette plateforme compte aujourd'hui 206 coopératives et qui regroupe au total 1,850 producteurs individuels. Et ces producteurs individuels ont des besoins qu'ils expriment chaque jour qui ne s'arrêtent pas que à la prestation de services mécanisés qui va au-delà de la prestation de services mécanisés telles que des semences de qualité et surtout la disponibilité de ces services parce que nous savons que la production agricole suit un calendrier agricole. Aujourd'hui, notre plus grand succès est la reconnaissance de nos activités. Comme j'ai dit tantôt, nous avons commencé en 2016 et c'est difficile pour des jeunes d'acheter du matériel agricole. Mais avec les efforts que nous avons consentis, l'état de Côte d'Ivoire nous a reconnu en tant que acteur de la mécanisation. Et l'année dernière, en 2022, nous avons pu faire 1,255 états de prestations pour le profit des membres de notre plateforme. Aujourd'hui, l'entreprise compte 14 employés permanents, 25 saisonniers et 10 occasionnels qui travaillent à la mise en place de tous les dispositifs de production de semences, de prestations de services et de contractualisation. Nous avons mis en place pour pérenniser nos activités un modèle économique. Ce modèle économique n'est pas le fouille de notre réflexion à nous. Nous avons travaillé avec les producteurs pour que ce modèle puisse répondre à eux leurs problèmes. Premièrement, qu'est-ce que nous avons fait? Nous avons ici les agro-industriels qui ont un besoin de matière première. Ils nous expriment ce besoin. Nous nous travaillons à contractualiser avec eux, à signer avec eux. Parce que l'agro-industriel a besoin de qualité en matière première et de quantité. Et pour cela, nous contractualisons avec eux. Une fois que nous avons contractualisé avec eux, notre entreprise se charge de la production de semences. Et la semence? La production de semences. Une fois que la semence est produite, nous donnons ses semences aux producteurs regroupés en plateforme. Nous avons créé un bloc et chaque producteur qui a su un bloc reçoit le semence de notre part et reçoit aussi les services mécanisés de notre part. Une fois que la production est terminée, nous faisons nous-mêmes la récorte et donnons la production aux industriels. Ce qui permet à l'agro-guteur d'aujourd'hui qui fait le manioc avec nous de ne plus se soucier de la question de commercialisation. Parce que vous pouvez avoir produit, mais si vous ne vendez pas votre production, vous perdez. Et ce modèle nous permet également de pérenniser nos activités de prestations. Aujourd'hui, pour que nous puissions continuer de faire la prestation, nous devons avoir un calendrier dédié à la production. Et c'est ce que ce modèle économique nous permet de faire. Et quand vous voyez dans la photo, c'est que nous travaillons avec les producteurs. Nous discutons avec eux de ce qu'ils veulent et quel est leur problème qu'ils nous allons apporter des solutions. Recontinuer, quelqu'un qui souhaiterait faire de la prestation le service ou s'inspirer de notre exemple doit d'abord se passionner à résoudre un problème dans son milieu. Je suis un agriculteur, je vais au champ comme tout le monde, mais je suis passionné de régler les problèmes liés à la commercialisation et à la production mécanisée. J'ai également compris qu'il nous faut de la formation, la gestion du matériel agricole, d'une entreprise de prestations requiert des compétences techniques, managerielles et financières. Et cette formation est nécessaire. C'est indispensable pour que une entreprise puisse évoluer. Nous avons aussi besoin de persévérer. Ici, l'occasion n'est pas de donner des talonnés sur les problèmes, mais c'est pour dire que quelqu'un qui veut faire une entreprise agricole doit être persévérant. Nous racontons tous les jours des difficultés liées à nos activités, mais nous transmons cette difficulté en solution. Ça nous encourage à continuer de donner de la priorité à ce qu'il y a. Et pour terminer, je pense que nous devons développer un modèle économique qui arrange tout le monde. Y compris le producteur, y compris nous qui faisons la prestation de services, y compris tous ceux acteurs qui interviennent dans ce système. Je souhaiterais également que notre modèle puisse inspirer cet uns et qu'il puisse nous encourager à continuer à donner le service de mécanisation aux acteurs du monde agricole en Côte d'Ivoire. Merci. Thank you. Kaume, passion, hard work and problem-solving. That's all. Thank you so much. I think it's so inspiring in your story. Thanks to you now, we have jobs in the rural communities. We have less drudgery for women and men farmers. And we have, you are solving problems in real time for farmers. That is so inspiring. And everything started because you were given an award and you took that information and you created your own enterprise. You're a champion. Thank you so much for that. Thank you. Thank you so much for that wonderful presentation. At this time, we move all the way from Africa, from Africa we move all the way to Latin America. And this is time for Yashim Reyes, who is working as a technical advisor for the Center for the International Maze and Wheat Improvement Center, CEMET. She's going to give us her work in CEMET and let us listen attentively. Good afternoon. I'm Yashim Reyes, a technical farm advisor from the south of Mexico, and local collaborator of the International Maze and Wheat Improvement Center in Mexico. I am church of a machine health center in Oaxaca, Mexico and today I'm going to talk briefly about the role and function of this health center, the machine renting system, the work with the farmers and future goals. Maze is the most important crop in Oaxaca, both nutritionally and culturally. Maze consumption in Mexico is high with an average per capita consumption of 196.4 kilograms annually, mainly in the form of tortillas. Maze production in Oaxaca is really predominantly on rain-free agriculture with one main production season in the summer and with a small land fraction, posing challenge for large-scale mechanization. The Machinery Center originated in 2030 from the collaboration of CIMED and the government of Mexico to bring new technologies close to farmers. My role is to control the output of the machines, the maintains of these machines and the training of producers, students and agricultural technicians. In this center, evaluation of seeders and shelling machines are carried out with the results obtained in formation is generated that will help the preparation of scientific articles, dissemination and recommendation of machinery improvements in design. There are various limitations to agricultural mechanization, but the main ones in the regions in which we work are the following. Limited availability of four wheat tractors power source, including operators. Peels are small and often dispersed in poorly-accessive areas. Strong cultural adherence to more traditional farming practice, manual and animal-drawn implements. The choice of location considered eccentric to the local town, ample space for machinery storage and easy access. The higher center serves local farmers neighboring towns, agronomies and NGOs working in the region. The application process involves checking the machines available and escuting busy to the center. The types of the machines, including the farmer's name, location, activity and delivery date are recorded. Upon return, each machine is inspected for condition. The maintains and operation of the machinery center is based on the operation of users. When they return the loaned machine, a minimum recovery fee is received. This money is used to purchase spare parts or supply to keep the machines in good condition. Recommendation for a specific machine and practice are based on discussions with farmers or local technicians, considering their specific needs, land conditions, available labor and production systems. These help farmers make informed decisions when purchasing machinery in the future. We have this equipment in this point. Minimal till precision seat drive for live four wheel tractor, two wheel tractor, multi group planter for two wheel tractors, set of animal drum planters for different conditions, push cart manual spray, set of maize sealers, hermetic metal sealer for granny storage. In this photo, we can see the conventional planting method. Work animals are used to drown the forest but the planting is manual. With limited nutrition at the beginning of the crop and the number of people working is a minimum of three people. Post-harvest shelling is done manually leading to green loses and significant pest relays loses. Conventionally, the farmer owed the shelling activity for a period of two to six months after the harvests. During this time, they can lose up to 50% of their harvests due to fungi or green pest. One of the important jobs carried out in this machinery center is the field evaluation of the different models of seeders that are available. The information generated will be used for the analysis and development of scientific information that will help agricultural producers and technicians in making decisions during a mechanization process or a specific place. We call this process scientific dissemination with important data such as planting capacity, duration of work, animal required and seedability for the various production systems. In these evaluations, we evolved in students from different engineering feats relate to the field and mechanization to generate greater interest then above agricultural machinery. With this evaluation, we can conclude that the work time used in the planting activity can be reduced by 50% cost for the use of labor, a reducer and initial nutrition can be provided to the crop to be established, which is complemented with integrated management during development help increase crop yield. Working with local blacksmiths and using the field to seeders have begun to be developed locally as part of an innovation network, which seeks to include local blacksmiths, manufacturers, suppliers and students' interests in the development of technologies with sensors or cell phone applications that can help infill activities. The image shows that sowing with an animal-powered seeder fertilizer shows better crop development and can increase grain production by 40%. Using resource more efficiently compared to conventional sowing, which is why it is important work in the branch of mechanization. We offer different options of shelling machines to help farmers choose the ideal and when according to their production needs. It is important to mention that with these maize shillers and complementary post-harvest advice, we have helped reduce grain losses by up to 40%. These shillers are easy found in the market. This evaluation help use generating information for the producer regarding shelling efficiency, shelling quality, proper handling of these shillers and care and maintains recommendations. Having different options, they carry out an activity help farmers to select the best option according to their needs. Electric versus petrol engine, mobile versus stationery, difference in capacity. In this evaluation, we also include students from careers related to agronomy to generate great interest in the topic of post-harvest. The rental center is managed by women, which also facilitates interaction with women farmers in addiction, animal and manual seders, along great participation of women, young people and other adults in field activities. An important point in the work area is the interaction with children or farmers who study agronomy or relate careers. They are actively involved in the search for solutions to the challenge present in the planting of basic grains in their localities. In the last two years, the interest of local universities knowing, evaluating and studying the machines available at a rental center has increased. We have reserved young people who are doing thesis work in relation to the use of agricultural machinery and training on agricultural machinery has been carried out with the various groups of students. One of the challenges we currently face in the low availability of work animals. Another important issue due to the various social factors of such immigration is that the majority of the population involved in the field are older adults and women. So other options are being explored such as the two-wheel tractor which has generated great interest in producers and has even attracted the attention of young local farmers. At CMIT, we are convinced that the newer generations will be the support of the older generations always as the one in charge of shoot security in towns and cities alike. Providing with tailored tools to make their productive systems more efficient and sustainably is the best way to ensure food sovereignty in the future. Thank you so much. Okay, perfect. Yeah, thank you so much for that elaborate presentation on the role that the youth have in international research such as what CMIT is doing. Yeah, this is indeed very important. It reminds me of my experience as I worked on a farm back in Zambia, working with farmers. So it needs passion, it needs dedication as we support small holders and their roles that they play in the agricultural sector. Thank you. Now, from Latin America, let's go to Asia. Our third speaker is Sanjib Bimali. He is an agricultural engineer working for the Ministry of Agriculture and Lifetalk in Nepal. Sanjib, the floor is yours. Respected chair, good afternoon and good morning, ladies and gentlemen. I am Sanjib Bimali, an agricultural engineer with profession as well as training. I work for a center for agriculture mechanization development and mechanization promotion. It's a focal agency of government of Nepal that is been implementing agriculture mechanization promotion in Nepal. And its main focus is creating enabling environment for business development as well as promotion of agriculture machinery over Nepal. Besides mechanization, it has been involved in agriculture infrastructure development in Nepal. As a agriculture engineer in this institution, my roles are in various sector, including policy formulation, coordination with CBOs, INGOs and other governments like provincial governments and local government. I am directly involved in mechanization promotion, as well as infrastructure development and their procurements over Nepal. When we talk about mechanization in Nepal, it has been a history of 80 years is recorded. In 1953, establishment of agriculture engineering unit under the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development was the first pillar for agriculture mechanization in Nepal. It is an extension-based organization. After that, in 1951, Agriculture Engineering Division, AED was established. It is an institution for the agriculture mechanization research and in 2000, an institution for education, a BAE bachelor in engineering program under TU was established. I am lucky to say that I am a graduate from the same university and same college. In 2004, the modern-day agriculture mechanization of Nepal has been started with the establishment of directors of agriculture engineering and currently I am working on the updated version of that organization. In 2014, after the establishment of DOA engineering, we have released our first agriculture mechanization policies and with the concept of mechanization policies over there in 2018, we are able to establish agriculture mechanization training center in 2018. Let's talk about policies and strategies in agriculture mechanization sector of Nepal. When we talk about policies, let's start with the constitution of Nepal. The constitution of Nepal, 2072 is 2015, has provisioned to arrange the agricultural tools as well as assist to the market with appropriate price of the product. And another most important strategy is agriculture development strategy. It's a 20-year strategic planning for promotion and development of agriculture in Nepal. It has considered agriculture mechanization is one of the most important 13 pillars in Nepal. And one of the important thing that it has identified is private sector mechanization is one of the best way for mechanization. So it considered the private sector is a major player to boost the agriculture mechanization in Nepal. And these are the subsidiary policies. And let's talk about major sectoral policies in agriculture mechanization. Agriculture mechanization promotion policies. 2014 is the sectoral policy for agriculture mechanization promotion in Nepal. It has four objectives, basically to increase the productivity. And for this, a government believes that subsidy in agriculture mechanization and promotion of local and innovation technology could be done in a similar way to develop the services and business of agriculture mechanization promotion of local industries and establishment of custom ironing center and other institution could be done. At the same time, promotion of women and environment-friendly agriculture machineries. We have been doing promotion of women-responsive machinery as well as conservation agricultural machineries. Finally, the fourth objective is to strengthen and establish an organization setup. For that, we have been providing training and trying to develop the entrepreneur setup over there. And at the same time, we have been also establishing the testing center. Currently, let me talk about that. In the present time, we have almost set up an institutional setup, and now we are in a policy setup for this testing center. Soon, one or two years, we will be able to test our first machine legally over Nepal. And talking about the supports for youth-led agriculture in Nepal, we are basically focusing on three things, machinery promotion activities, which include agriculture machinery exhibition, technology demonstration, and soft city scheme. Basically, when we talk about machinery exhibition, we are so far conducted fifth exhibition, and we are planning to conduct another by the end of the 23, three or early 24. And when we talk about technology demonstration, we have been doing a field-labeled machinery use and its demonstration over there. And regarding the soft city, government has a policy of excise duty-free, 1% tax, and bat-exempted in majority of agriculture machineries. Besides that, 50% soft cities is given on the machineries from land preparation to post-arvest by a central government, federal government, as well as the local government. When you talk about the next innovation for youth, we are providing capacity build-up trainings. And there are basically four different types of training we have been proposed. First one is operation and machinery use training. We are providing taught as well as field-labeled training in all the categories. Operation of mini-tealers, power-tealers, seduces, and related machineries is provided under these categories. And similarly, repair and maintenance training. Both this training is provided in terms of TOT as well as INT. And repair and maintenance of small machinery, especially mint-tealer, power-tealer, omset, repulse type of machines, are promoted over there. And another is business development training. We have been focusing, for institution, to create the business over there. So we have been providing business development training, especially for a custom ironing center as well as post-arvest center. And other training, this type of training includes the local fabricator. As my earlier presentation has presented, blacksmith trainings were present in their place too. So does in our place. We are also providing the blacksmith training. And the next part is institutional development. When we provide the trainings and capture the people, we try to establish or develop a three-type of organization. Mainly, resource center, which provide the facility of repair and maintenance to the local machinery's users, as well as it also has to fabricate the local product. And another is post-arvest center, which basically focused on reducing the post-arvest loss. So far, now we have around 374th number of customer, post-arvest center. And another and most promising, most talk-business, talk institution is a custom ironing center, which provide the rental services in Nepal. And so far, now we have been able to establish 581 numbers of custom ironing center, despite the number is used, but their capacity development and institutional backup need to be done it. We will be doing in couple of years. And another part is with the FEO support in TCP, we were able to establish two custom ironing center. I have mentioned it over there too. Let's talk something about custom ironing center in Nepal. Basically, we have two models of custom ironing center. One is private managed. And another is community managed. When we talk about community managed, basically there are other three models, like managed by farmers group, managed by cooperative. And we had tried newly, in support of FEO, organization that is mechanization service group, which is the organization which directly or which is delegately to conduct the custom ironing center only over Nepal. Let's talk about ICT in agriculture sector in Nepal. When you talk about ICTs and IOTs, it is booming globally across the world. And in case of Nepal, we have been using ICT in production estimation, especially for rice, meteorological information from weather station to farmers. Farmer listing is another form of ICT in Nepal. Hiding services on call. And mobile apps like Smart Chrissy and Digo Chrissy is providing services from cultivation to post service and online marketing. Especially after COVID, the online marketing of vegetable has been really boom in our place. And I want to conclude my presentation with some of the area of improvements in youth lead agriculture mechanization. I personally believe in a developing country like my, we need a platform for the young researchers like this so that we can discuss about what's going on across the globe. In the similar type, we need some mentorship program to boost off what we have now and what we are going to do. And another part is to support the private sector. I mean, in terms of startup program, we need to support the private sector who are working for agriculture as well as agriculture mechanization sectors. And lastly, while making the budget, we need to focus on youth and human-friendly budget and activities as well. Thank you with this. I want to conclude my thank you for hearing me. Samjib, you mentioned training and we need training, training, training, training. We need so much training in the rural communities, not only for the operation, the safety operation of machines, but also for the business. You need to make money when you have mechanization. Otherwise, once it's broken, what do you do with it? You need money to maintain it. You need money to repair it. So thank you so much for addressing that. And thank you so much also for walking us through the policy and how that policy becomes action, real action in the field. Thank you so much. I wanted to also introduce Lucia that is just there drawing quietly but putting together a beautiful piece for also a visual recording of this event. So we will have that with us. And thank you so much Lucia. And also for you, start thinking of the questions that you have for our speakers because after the presentation, we will have a session of Q&A. And for those also online, go to the chat box in the Q&A and then post your question. Over. Thank you so much, Malin, for that elaborate explanation and thank you, Samjib, for that elaborate presentation. One thing in common with all the presenters is that they're all working hands-on with farmers in the field. So what we are presenting as young people this afternoon is not theoretical. It's something being done physically in the ground with farmers, seeing their struggles and their challenges. And being in a digital age, we are having a speaker with us. Her name is Sister Sheikna. She's training us from Mauritius. She's the co-founder and catalyst of Hadina, rim tick incubation in Mauritania and she'll be connecting with us via Zoom. That's for the audience that are not able to use English. You can tune to the French. You can choose to the English channel. That's the same for those joining us online. Thank you. Hello, everyone. Do you hear me well? Hello. So thank you for giving me the opportunity to speak at this conference and also present the work of Hadina, rim tick, the business incubator based in Mauritania and our experience, especially in the digitalization of the agri-food sector in Mauritania. Will I share my presentation or will it be projected online? Sorry. Please share your presentation. Okay, okay. Okay, just give me a moment to share my screen. Okay, so do you see my screen now? Yes. Okay, so I'll be presenting the work of the business incubator Hadina, rim tick based in Mauritania. So Hadina is a business incubator created in 2015. Our vision is to emulate an entrepreneurial ecosystem with a strong and sustainable economic and social impact. So we do that by creating employment opportunities in the local markets, work on promoting innovation and commercializing technologies. And we also provide capacity building and training opportunities for young people as well as support for business acceleration and growth. So overall, we work with many actors to create a stimulating environment for innovation and entrepreneurship, including the government, the private sector, the finance institution as well as development partners. So we kind of follow a triple helix model of innovation to that implicate the government, the industries and the academia universities to foster better synergies between these actors and also generate wealth and economic growth. So our approach of work is to initially start analyzing the local context and also identify the most pressing development issues and work with partners and innovators to implement solutions in an open innovation and co-creation process. So we provide the innovators with the services and the help they need to put in place these innovative solutions. And we help them in the business development and the acceleration of their businesses. So as I said, first we start by identifying the opportunities in the local market and the most pressing issues. And then we work with innovators and stakeholders in the ideaization phase to co-create the product and then test the services and products in the market with them. And then we help them also in a design thinking and lean startup approach to set up their businesses and to go to markets. And then we help them also afterward in the expansion phase of their enterprises. So we provide them with a pool of experts and coaches to help them in the business development aspects and also in the technical aspects. And we also provide them with consulting services in regards to the legal and finance aspect of their businesses. For some programs, we also provide seed funding and for all businesses, we provide networking and finance opportunities for them. So our range of services covers the partners. We provide development of innovative solutions for them. We help them implement entrepreneurship and innovation program in Mauritania and we help them also execute their CSR strategy and we do also a smart sourcing of innovators and talent for them. For the innovators and entrepreneur, we provide an equipped co-working space with many services to help them with their businesses. We also provide mentoring and coaching and we also provide business development and finance opportunities. So to help you quickly understand our history and where we came from, I'm going to go quickly into our achievement and timeline and then talk about our experience in the agri-food sector. So Hadina was created in the beginning of 2015 after the mobile application challenge that we launched in 2014 because we wanted to diagnose the ecosystem and see the readiness of the local market for an incubator. We were the first business incubator in Mauritania. So from 2015 to 2017, it was basically an experimentation and creation phase for the incubator. We did a lot of training, a lot of sensibilization, a lot of capacity building and we also worked mainly on preparing the ecosystem for the new concepts in relation to startups, innovation, entrepreneurship and incubation. So we did also an evaluation of many approaches and innovative approaches and technologies to the local context and we tried to tailor our programs to the local needs. So in 2016, we launched our first incubation program which was basically also an experimentation and from 2017 to 2020, we started, I would say more elaborated and targeted incubation program. So we did a marathon de l'entrepreneur with the World Bank in 2017 which was an entrepreneurship competition followed by a six month incubation program for 10 startups. And this experience was really successful that the World Bank ended up implementing this experience, this program in the Sahel region in five other countries. So in 2020, we became like everyone else, we became more aware of the need of food security and also of relying on internal resources to make our communities more resilient. So we started working with the agri-food businesses and also working with projects to reinforce community resilience. And so we did a lot of proof of concept, a lot of MVP and market MVPs with startups in the agricultural sector, in healthcare and waste management. And from 2021 to 2023, we focused on basically mostly on training to provide more employment opportunities to entrepreneurs. We also, and for young people, we also provided a STEM education center to allow kids and also young graduates to benefit from advanced digital training. And we launched our first agri-entrepreneurship program in partnership with the FAO. And we also, in 2023, we started a business acceleration program with BNCA Bank and we put in place a venture capital with the bank. And we also started from 2022 to start expanding our activities to other regions, especially the agriculture regions and the more vulnerable regions in the countries. So to talk about our digitalization project in the agri-food sector, so last year in 2022, we launched our agri-entrepreneurship program with FAO and we started this program by an assessment of the digital factory in Mauritania and to see its impact on the sector and also to evaluate the use of some technologies in the sector, such as online marketplaces, drawing monitoring, access to information, all of that in the, and even the use of some basic social media for commercializing products. So we worked and also this program also provided a six-month incubation or acceleration program for 10 businesses in the agri-food sector and we also launched our agriculture innovation center in one of the most important agricultural series in Mauritania with the help of University EZ based in Rosso. So this center provided training, digital literacy training to farmers and also provided access to online marketplace to help them sell their products online and also a crowdfunding platform to seek funding. And it's also provided services for drone monitoring and also a data observatory where they can access information and data to increase their productivity and also to decrease their costs and all of that. So of course, we had a lot of challenges because of the informal nature of the agriculture sector and also because of the lack of infrastructure and electricity in many regions. And also the road also make it really difficult for farmers and for us through the marketplace to transport the produce to the local market other series. So there is also the lack of stock keeping units which is a major problem for farmers in Mauritania and also the readiness and the digital skills for Mauritania users make it really difficult for them to adapt new technologies and use them for their daily tasks and businesses. And there's also the problem with the complex regulatory environment for startups and new businesses. We don't have any legal framework for new businesses. And last year we worked with the government and many actors to put in place the startup act which will offer tax break and incentives for new businesses and startups. We would also continue working on training for users and for farmers in rural areas to help them benefit from the services of the innovation center. And we also, the innovation center would also keep playing the role of the intermediary between farmers and these platforms, HACA platform to enable more inclusive access to markets and financial opportunities for small scale producers. So these are some of the pictures from our workshops during that program and also a screenshot of the platform and some of our activities. So in the last eight, nine years we managed to put in place a lot of program. We still learn it as we go because the environment is very complex but we managed to help more than 60 businesses and also 10,000. We had more than 10,000 participants in our training and programs. We worked with international and national organization to execute the program and we have also access to a network of incubators to seek their help in executing our program. These are some of our souvenirs from our programs. Thank you so much for listening and if you need to reach us you can follow us online on social media or see our websites for any further information. Thank you. Thank you Assisa for your presentation and for what you're doing for young people that need that extra push for them to embrace agriculture without which most of it, most of them will always view it as something obsolete and something not easily embraceable for young people. As elaborated by Beth, we the young people are the bedrock of agriculture. We cannot talk about sustainability without embracing the role of young people. Thank you, Buyo. Now we come back to Europe. Let's come back to Europe as our last speaker is Malta Wansel. She is from Germany and she's the CEO, account and co-founder of ETERI. So we come from incubators to agro-robotics. Malta, the floor is yours. Hi, everyone. My name is Malta. I'm the CEO and co-founder of ETERI and I'm truly excited to be able to speak here today surrounded by all these inspiring people and getting impulses from all over the world. We are a German startup on the mission to advance sustainable agriculture on a large scale through robotics and AI. And yeah, I was asked to share here today what we are doing at ETERI and how we are approaching agriculture. And yeah, our story started in 2018 when my co-founder and the inventor of the ETERI, Michael, was asking himself if humanity is able to send robots to different planets like the mass rover Curiosity back in the day who was put into a rocket and sent over 200 million kilometers to a different planet. Why are we not using this knowledge here on planet Earth? And yeah, that's how the whole ETERI idea was born. And the interesting part is that Michael is not a studied engineer. He grew up on a family-owned farm and studied product design at the Bauhaus University. And this is a school teaching to unify craft and technology and to create products that are useful and accessible to the masses. The Bauhaus philosophy is really based on the principles that less is more and that innovation and being user-centric is the essence of good products. And if you keep those principles in mind, you apply this to agriculture, this is what comes out of it and this super lightweight, extremely flexible robot that adheres to the different requirements in agriculture because agriculture is extremely diverse. And yeah, the question some might ask is why do we need a robot anyway? And yeah, especially here in the Northern Hemisphere, I feel like we know that we need to be producing food way more sustainably and with way higher outputs as well. And the problem that we're trying to tackle is that especially in organic farming, it is here very difficult to realize that on a large scale. So the farmers here, especially in Europe, are really dependent on manual labor. So this is combined with a severe staff shortage. And if you think, for example, of the crop onion, people or farmers need just more than 400 hours per hectare to just remove weeds manually. So that's an immense amount of time. And yeah, in many parts of the world, people are confronted with the same problem. Yeah, and because food is getting, growing food is just getting way more challenging because the climate conditions are changing, the conditions on the field are changing and the cost and effort to grow food in this environment is just increasing constantly. And this is exactly where we as a terry come into play because yeah, we develop an autonomous, multifunctional and highly flexible field robot that is really built to automate sustainable farming practices on a larger scale. And with the terry, we are really, yeah, rethinking agricultural machinery because we want to move from this bigger and bigger tractors back to a more small scale solution that is just very flexible, adapts to any field and that can be equipped with various tools and sensors. And here on the picture, you can see the terry with our first use case, which is an implement for the removal of weeds in vegetable crops and also what we are doing is that we have a lot of cameras integrated on the robot. So we collect an ever-increasing amount of data which we then use to give farmers new insights on their crops down to the individual plant. So yeah, anyway, the best way to understand the concept of the terry is to see it in action and the idea is that this very lightweight design is very, very solid friendly. It adapts to different track widths and heights, meaning that we can actually integrate it in various crops and growth stages at the same time. We have lithium-ion batteries, meaning that the robot runs fully electric and we have also on fields very often very challenging terrains and maybe it's a coincidence, but we're working together with the company that also runs motors in the mass rover, which is the reason why mud and slope are not that much of a problem for us. And very important is that we follow a modular concept, meaning that we can easily replace or maintain parts or components and yeah, we really took a lot of care to make it industrial so that it is just easy maintenance. Yeah, a crucial part of our technology is that we are using AI in order to, yeah, give new insights for farmers how each individual crop on the field is doing. So we also use it for autonomous navigation and in the end, yeah, farmers just get for the individual plant insights on water availability, size of the plant or also yield predictions. And in the end, this algorithm is really designed that the farmer can interact with it. So just by taking a few pictures, the farmer can actually, yeah, customize the algorithm to his or her individual requirements on the field. And this makes the system just way more robust and way more accessible. And speaking of accessibility, this is a huge problem in the sector because yeah, we can develop the most innovative technologies, but we need to keep the entry barriers for farmers as low as possible. And especially so medium and small-sized farms can actually use these kinds of technologies. And there's a good reason why many farmers are still a bit skeptical about introducing these super new technologies to their operations because they feel tech obsolescence, they feel the high cost, which are often in the six-digit range. And obviously, farmers are no robotics engineers, meaning that they can't just fix something when it breaks. However, farmers do trust their agricultural service providers, their retailers, and contractors, and that's why we are basing our business model on that. So we offer the Iteri as a service robot, which the farmer can book just very flexibly. And in parallel, we build up this network of contractors who perform the weeding service on our behalf basically. So they are responsible for the setup on the field and they are also the first-level support in case the machine doesn't run as autonomous as it should. Yeah, and as you can see, the good thing about this is that yeah, everyone really benefits from it, like from this automation technology. So the farmers save costs in time and the service providers really get higher margins than with their actual contract work. And yeah, to be fair, yeah, we still need a bit to bring this technology to the market. So we need some time and still some money, so we are currently raising our second investment round and we plan to bring this technology to market by 2025, having currently already pilots and intensifying this in the coming season. And yeah, what I really want to talk about is our team because this is really the superpower behind ETERI. We are currently eight people with six nationalities and yeah, we are really working hard to make all of this happening that I was just explaining before. And what I think is really special is that we all came together from all over the world in a tiny town in Germany to work on this product and bring it onto the fields and most of us actually grew up on a farm, so yeah, we can all really relate to the struggles of farmers and the thing is just that these people here, they developed into amazing engineers, robotic specialists or AI specialists and are now working to change agriculture for the better. And yeah, even though we are still a pretty young team, I mean that's also the topic for today. We are really passionate and I think that's the key to driving success in this area. And yeah, together we are working towards this vision to provide an all-rounding farming companion that enables an agriculture that is resilient, efficient and sustainable and that's also on a large scale. And yeah, we really imagine very biodiverse fields with high density of various crops and to manage this complexity we are convinced that just robotics and AI are the key to make this happen and instead of having this one size fits all approach we really want to get down to plant level and provide as many farms as possible with precision farming technologies and give the farmers the insights they need in order to grow the crops properly. And in the end, yeah, I strongly believe that this way of farming has an immense potential to grow food in harmony with nature and yeah, to provide healthy and affordable food for all of us. Yeah, thank you so much. Thank you so much, Martha. I like a lot how you presented the team that is so diverse and also the part of your vision is that, biodiversity, pushing for biodiversity and supporting resilience. So thank you so much for sharing your experience. These agro-robot promises to be great in the field. Now, let's just give the speakers that we had a big round of applause again. Thank you so much. Thank you so much. And now we can move to the question and answer session, the discussion, and please, Beth, intervene anytime because we're eager to hear from you questions, insights, and so on. So who wants to break the ice and go first with the question? Sha. Thank you very much. Okay, thank you very much and the meaning. I think this, you know, SIDI is amazing. It's so good. When we heard the young people, they really represent the future. And we know that. And what is sustainability? Sustainability means for the future development, right? Youth is the future. So I can say today, this SIDI is really so good. And the five speakers have a different perspective. Make it very good, insightful, and they encourage this presentation. I think my question may be for everybody. Think it over. What is the knowledge of course and agricultural mechanization and digitalization together will be very, very important, a pinner for future transformation to our food system. Four words is important, efficient. Of course, mechanization is efficient and resilient mechanization plays a very important role. Inclusive, and then sustainable. Four words, so important. How can we realize it? It depends on young people, young generation, because you are the future. So for each young speaker here, what you are thinking is the most important aspect. You need support, yeah? You can say everybody, you can say what you are the way of thinking, most important element or issue you support. And from a government, from a technical, you can give a whole picture for the audience and please, I think this maybe we can do it one by one and this may be very comprehensive but I think it's important. We can get some clear idea for the future, what you need. Thank you. Thank you so much. Let's take another question if we can and then we move to the speakers. Yes? Please. No, I think we need the microphone. I'm going to ask the organizers for this really inter-session. I had a question to Martha regarding the e-thiary. I was wondering on what type of farms is implementable, so you assess the individual needs of each plant but then the farmer will have to intervene on individual plant level, which is also again a lot of work. So I was wondering to scale a farm operation, are you thinking of applying this technology and maybe a second question to be expected by the... Thanks. The first question was to each of you so in keywords what is it that must be done from your different perspective? And then Martha, the question is to you. So Martha, please. Yeah, so from our perspective what we currently need and what I also observe what other startups, especially early-stage startups need my bubble is really funding. So all the startups are currently relying a lot on private investors and fighting for funding and I think there is a huge lever for governments or public organizations to fund innovative projects that are especially in the beginning very costly to develop and if the pressure would be a little lower in this regard that would help a lot. For those who are from Africa we need a transfer of skills and technology because you know we are talking about mechanization but don't stop we also need other implications so that these aspects are distributed to the producers. Thank you. I represent rural my most concern is to make rural activities pro-differently so that young people do not look for other opportunities outside their communities and maybe if we use the mechanization we can make more rental the crops and increase the participation of the young people. Thank you. I believe to transfer the sustainable and more digital agriculture mechanization we need to focus on developing such an institution which is more inclusive resilient and sustainable by capacitating them. I believe creating so many institutions is not important but capacitating is institution for different expect is better way for transformation so I once again focus on capacitating the institution that we currently have for agriculture 1.0 to agriculture 5.0. Thank you. You want to respond to the second question. I believe it was in what kind of fields and what happens to the data that we focus on high value crops meaning that at the moment we are currently in vegetable crops specifically onions and sugar beads and I would say the size of the field in the end doesn't matter that much because we want to fully automate the individual processes on the field. We are starting off with weeding but you can also in terms of doing the seeding or doing precision spraying or precision irrigation and the ETERI is a very small scale solution so we think it more in a swarm setting that many smaller robots go over the field and the precision down to the plant is a bold way to do and for sure that's still quite in the future however that's we are starting with these data hotspots for example here is a spot where you need to irrigate I don't know like 10 square meters or so and then move on from there and regarding the data so currently data production is not as clear like how to settle this we have the agreement with our farmers that we are allowed to collect that data and only use it for the purposes of improving our AI algorithm and not giving it to someone else because it's very very sensible data as well and for the future there are for sure some policies needed to make it clear on how to handle this yeah thank you so much we have another question thank you for the presentation and the inspiring story of those panelists my question goes to Bef she was the first one to present myself I'm a food consultant I'm based in the UK I'm campaigning for the taxation of agriculture in Africa for the past 15 years advising just poorer to buy tractors and sent to Africa to date to buy tractors and sent to Africa my question goes to Bef in relation to what she said at the beginning what the FAO can do to help people like Kwame and others in line with either fulfill the goals of you know improve farming in Africa and also fight hunger what will the FAO do in Africa in terms of the development of those models we have those champions and we need to multiply them on the continent to be able to create wealth and fight hunger and I think that the FAO can have leverage there working for the government to create those champions in the different fields of agriculture because those guys if you look at the case of Kwame within a very short period of time he was able to impact the life of thousands if you had a government to be able to you would have taken them decade to be able to do that and secondly as well in terms of yes we want to encourage people to bring in more and more farmers more and more tractors especially in Africa there are barriers in terms of importing tractors we have government putting in duty taxes and there are even some government who will say okay you cannot import tractors out 10 years older well I think that again if a working for government can have leverage in terms of you want to bring more tractors we want you to achieve things like zero hunger in 2030 we need tractors we could be not putting duties because that would be a barrier in import tractors and I think FAO can play that role and I would like to know what FAO would do in those cases thank you thank you I think yes we have the big boss to respond to that those are really important questions and big questions and I'm going to try to maybe be as as specific as possible because I would say in some of these areas I mean clearly here we are in 2023 really I think as FAO for a first time bringing a very intense focus on a topic like sustainable agricultural mechanization the intensive focus that FAO is finally bringing to all of its work around science and innovation and technologies is a relatively relatively new development for us with the creation of a chief scientist position and a new office of innovation but when I think about these kinds of advancements for us as an organization to the work that we can do with you and other partners in Africa specifically I think of at least in the near term sort of three maybe more concrete activities that are in motion as we speak so the first is clearly with our country offices the very important point you make about policy decisions that national governments are making this is a really challenging time with the climate crisis with the war in Ukraine markets being disrupted policy actions being taken by national governments often times political decisions being taken as opposed to market driven ones the advice the council the steady hand that an organization like FAO can provide in advising those governments on keeping markets open not putting in place trade restrictions and thinking much more carefully about the kinds of support policies that you're describing whether that be for tractors or equipment or even other inputs as important as fertilizer these are really important moments and we are having ongoing conversations through our country offices with many of the national governments in Africa specifically so that's one the second through some recent new financial support that has come to FAO we are beginning to undertake some very important seems basic project work but we are moving into I think it's three to four to start different African countries doing very preliminary basic soil mapping and this soil mapping foundation is really important in this particular moment when you think about productivity you think about fertilizer use there's a lot of people who simply just want to say get more quantity of fertilizer into the hands of African farmers and from the last few days that we've been here and I think the mindsets of the people in the room the presentations that we've heard we know that it's about precision use of inputs sustainable agricultural mechanization, conservation agriculture, smart agriculture but when you don't have the underlying data and information the variation of your soil types the uniqueness of those soil types you don't know where to start and again for some of the agricultural producing countries in the developed world that's something that has been accomplished decades ago so getting that right getting it right now is I think something that lets us move even further and the third concrete thing that we are doing in this moment in the process of what we call a re-imagination of a very important platform that FAO founded over 30 years ago called the Farmer Field Schools this is a really important offering that FAO initiated it's got many many different partners now globally who are participating in this training knowledge, research driven, facilitation advisory channel mechanism platform to farmers specifically it's the place that we have been able to get insights into the best production practices it's the place where I think we can do more around mechanization and training and capacity building and we know that it's 30 years old it's been hugely successful but the world has changed around us very quickly in those 30 years we've gone from agriculture 2.0, 3.0 to agriculture 5.0 and we need a farmer field school and training programs that are ready for agriculture 6, 7, 8 and 9 because they are coming and they are coming for everybody so those I hope are a few examples of some things that we take very seriously in this moment. Thank you so much as we wind down I want us to just pick one question from our online audience we've had people from France, from Sudan from different from Zambia from Nepal joining us and currently we are at 63 participants and one question from Desmond is saying how can these agricultural machinery options be made available for young people that want to start up like Kwame how can we make these agricultural options available for young people who want to do the next permit? Kwame, you would like to answer that? The accessibility of young people in agricultural machinery is very important and there are several models the model that worked with us is the credit buy we have approached a concessionary we have demonstrated our passion for mechanicalization we have put the equipment in place and it allowed us to have the first tractor under credit buy and once we worked to get the first one ready we have had other partners such as the state of Côte d'Ivoire who invited us to put in place other equipment for the benefit of the producers for the credit buy we have to think of other mechanisms to finance structures like ours that intervene directly with the producers Thank you, thank you so much for that last hand very short please because we need to close Thank you I don't know if I'm going to make it easy for you but access to finance is an important component here how do we create access to farmers of finance but in the youth context farmers in developing world are older people in average youth with our people that do not have the decision power of the farm that do not have the land ownership how far are we in creating financial solutions for the younger that are starting in rural communities that do not have that financial ability that do not have the minimal collateral that even the older farmer community does not have how far can we push that agenda of really trying to create new alternative financial technologies to support young people in adopting new technology new machinery, thank you I think that would be a great question for Assisa, Assisa are you with us can you on mute yes, yes I'm with you yes I really agree with this question because we had to work with a lot of young people who were more open to use technology and it was more easier for them to use technology to increase their productivity but they had also a lot of issues in relation to owning a land in relation to the logistics and also funding, most of them were funding themselves and their projects so we work basically with a lot of partners to place funding opportunities for them and also to continue our work through the center to ensure that they have access to market because most of them are working in greater areas and they don't have a lot of resources to commercialize their products and they also lack funding and at any moment landowners also can take that land back from them and which is make the work more insecure so we work closely with them on these challenges but there is a lot of work to be done especially in Mauritania in terms of being in terms of even putting in place funds for small businesses Thank you so much maybe a round of applause for everything as we reached the close At this time I take the privilege of inviting closing remarks because of Kingsley who is the lead for mechanization in NSP Thank you Wuyo and thank you Meiling Wow this has been a remarkable event you have really taken us around the world with your stories and what I have sensed is I think if I use one word maybe for you also it's the word passion I have seen her passion for sustainable agricultural mechanization and in a way that's from you people who we had the feeling we almost have lost the use in mechanization so that's really a very good very good achievement I think at this point so if I quickly go through have you heard from from the FIRM BioSAL Incubator they were working on interesting critical issues like the role of quality seeds, fair pricing and sensitization towards labour intensive farming which is very important in Mexico where we saw the need and the usefulness of a mechanization higher service center which was with a lot of different machines and there was still a lot of animal tractors which is sometimes forgotten in this discussion but it's still existing still an important role in many developing countries but I saw also very innovative equipment there which was also truly inspiring then we went to Nepal and here I think we need to note that Nepal has with the help of FIO developed an updated mechanization policy and strategy and I want to come back to the last question I mean there's a revamped policy and strategy and mechanization that is owned by the government and by the people you can then also build in there the enabling environment and maybe incentives maybe for use finance and for helping the incubator scene to evolve better so I think sometimes it starts with a good strategy a policy document that helps the government to focus on this area and Nepal has done that and I think that's a good example then from there we went to I think incubator in Mauritania and I think that speaks for itself it was a great presentation and I'm really impressed about the country is not easy and congratulations to that incubator story finally we arrived at E-Terry which is amazing I mean you start from Mars and you then start thinking about why Mars if you have similar needs in our agricultural fields and these are people who have not been from the agricultural sector just young people from various countries and continents and I think that the progress you made is really really impressive truly I think promising for the future and I hope you find the investors that you obviously are looking for well I can say for myself I am re-energized on this and I think with this I think we can talk out to the next events that are already starting but before I close I would like to acknowledge that this side event would not have been possible without the use in FEO it was actually organized by the use group of FEO and specifically the NSP division who took the lead in this event and so a special thanks to Meiling to Wuyo but also Heiko who is already left who was also part of it and then thanks again to all our speakers thanks to Beth for being here all along the whole event and please keep on talking to us keep on engaging with us because we need you we need your inspiration and this event is closed thank you very much