 a very good evening viewers and aspirants welcome to the hindu news analysis brought to you by shankara is academy today we'll be covering the hindu news edition dated 30th of may 2022 and these are the articles i have taken today in my last discussion i promised you that i'll be taking a previous equations yes i have taken two previous equations in the same area i have discussed these questions in the practice question session so pay attention to all these discussions so that you can also answer the quiz question at the end of the practice questions now let us get to the first news article discussion so now let us take up this news article for our first discussion the news article mentions that one man has died from vest nile fever this has happened in the state of kerala and according to the news article as of now no other cases of this fever has been reported so far few days ago we saw about monkeypox virus and now this fever is in use so it is important to know about it let us see that now see this vest nile fever is caused by a virus called vest nile virus this virus belongs to the genus flavivirus actually even the japanese encephalitis virus is also of the same family now this virus and the disease are named after the district of uganda which is vest nile this is where the virus was first isolated in the year 1937 okay that is why the virus is named as vest nile virus so now where this virus is commonly found it is found in africa europe middle east north america and west asia well let us see how this virus is transmitted then we'll see the symptoms so regarding this virus birds are the natural hosts or the natural carriers and they are transmitted through mosquito bites so the mosquitoes become infected when they feed on the infected birds and once these mosquitoes become infected they transmit the virus to humans through mosquito bites and note that the transmission to human beings is mainly caused by a type of mosquito called as qlex mosquito and that is why we say the vest nile virus causes a mosquito born disease we'll see what is the disease later now this virus can spread further due to contact with other infected animals especially their bloods or other tissues then what about human to human transmission actually there is no documentation of casual contact human human transmission casual contact refers to the contact between people without sharing of blood or body fluids so casual contact transmission is not yet documented among humans and even the documented information about sexual transmission is also less but we cannot say that it will not happen other than that the virus is also spread by blood transfusion and organ transplantation and it is also spread from mother to baby during pregnancy during delivery or through breastfeeding so the virus transmission mainly involves either the blood or through body fluids but also remember that it is not spread through coughing sneezing or touching or through touching live animals or from handling live or dead infected birds it is also not spread through eating infected animals there is a need for direct sharing of blood or body fluids as we just saw so this is how this virus is transmitted it is naturally transmitted among birds and mosquitoes and to humans it is transmitted through mosquitoes only other than humans horses are also infected by this virus now this virus is actually dangerous because it can cause two types of diseases first one is the West Nile neuroinvasive disease this is a fatal neurological disease among humans because this disease affects the central nervous system and it leads to meningitis encephalitis acute flaccid paralysis etc and also about one out of 10 people who develop severe illness which affects the central nervous system actually die that is why we say it is fatal other than this disease the virus also causes the West Nile fever so West Nile fever is a mosquito bone disease remember that actually about 20 percentage of West Nile virus infections in humans may cause West Nile fever only less than one person may cause the West Nile neuroinvasive disease now if we come to the symptoms of West Nile fever which is of our concern today see this fever is characterized by sudden onset of symptoms like headache then malaise which means uneasiness then fever there is also muscle pain which is called as myalgia then vomiting then rash fatigue eye pain etc and the severity of these symptoms ranges from a mild illness for a week to a prolonged weakening for months but the fact to be noted regarding this West Nile fever and its symptoms is that 80 percentage of the people who are infected with the West Nile virus will not show any symptoms so there is a lot of chance that this disease may go unnoticed and that is why it leads to sudden outbreaks but then how to save ourselves from being infected with this virus or how to detect the presence of this virus see its presence can be detected by tracking the birth deaths and also deaths of horses it is because when birds get infected with this virus they die due to illness so bird deaths acts as a marker for the transmission of this virus and also the outbreaks in birds or animals precede human cases so if there is an active animal health surveillance system in a country then it is easy to detect new cases in birds and horses which will enable to prevent an outbreak in humans other than this the main key to prevent the spread of this West Nile fever or West Nile virus is to control mosquito populations so how this West Nile fever is treated actually there is no vaccine available to prevent West Nile virus transmission in people and there are also no curing medications available to treat this virus only supportive treatment is available which can help in reducing some of the symptoms but cure is not available and that is why it is crucial to know the spread of this disease because sometimes it is fatal also so what you can do is you can take certain measures to reduce the risk of this West Nile virus you can use mosquito repellent you can wear long sleeve shirts and long pants to prevent mosquito bites because in humans West Nile virus is transmitted through mosquitoes especially Qlex mosquitoes so these are few facts that you have to know about West Nile fever and West Nile virus notice more to the next discussion let us take up this news article actually this article mentions about certain statements made by our prime minister about unicorns see here we are not talking about the legendary mythical creature that has a single large pointed spiraling horn projecting from its forehead but we are talking about startup companies while addressing a meeting a prime minister has noted certain facts about the unicorn startups in our country he has said that the number of unicorn startups in our country has reached 100 and the total valuation of these unicorns is more than 330 billion dollars that is more than 25 lakh crore rupees another fact to be noted is that out of these 100 unicorns 44 came up just last year and this year we are expecting 14 more unicorns to be formed so from this what we can infer is that in the global pandemic and when the economy is trying to recover our startups have been doing a great business and they have been creating wealth and value so let us understand what are these unicorns and their significance he has he said unicorns are a type of startup companies so first let us know what is a startup company see startup refers to a company in the first stages of its operation that is it is a young company which is established by one or more entrepreneurs to create unique and irreplaceable products and services and the main aim behind the startup is to bring in innovation so when a privately held startup company has a value of over 1 billion dollars then we call it as a unicorn so when the startup has a value of over 1 billion dollars it is a unicorn startup see this term was first popularized by a venture capitalist Eileen Lee he is the founder of cowboy ventures so in this way I know that some of the examples of unicorns in India include Paytm, Misho, Open Company etc etc but you have to also remember that the value of these unicorns is generally based on how investors and venture capitalists feel they will grow and develop so its value is typically based on long-term forecasting this means the evaluation have nothing to do with their financial performance in fact many of these companies rarely generate any profits when they first get running now why these unicorns are significant first because they bring in disruptive innovation what is a disruptive innovation it is the introduction of a product or service into an established industry and such a product or service performs better and generally it is at a lower cost than existing offerings so such a product displaces the market leaders in that particular market space and it transforms that particular industry if you take mobile phones it itself is a disruptive technology or disruptive innovation because nowadays smartphones have replaced laptops and desktops regarding the computing needs including browsing and streaming also so in this way mobile phones especially smartphones they are disruptive innovations so this is the first significance now second the business model of unicorns is driven by the latest technological innovations and trends because just now we saw that they bring in disruptive innovation right so in this way it fulfills the latest demands of the market and thirdly these unicorns are consumer focused that is their goal is to simplify things for consumers and to be a part of their day-to-day life and fourth point is the innovation provided by unicorns are affordable because as I already said in the first point disruptive innovation means providing a product or service at a lower cost than the existing ones so in this manner those products and services become affordable and most importantly these unicorns are privately owned and these privately owned unicorns get their valuation bigger when an established company invests in it so such an investment increases the innovation projects also so these are the few facts that you have to know about unicorn startups with these points in mind now let us get to the next discussion okay now let us take up this news article it talks about unreasonable bail conditions imposed by the high court see the bail conditions imposed by the high courts makes us question that whether personal liberty hinges on the whims of individual judges this question arises mainly because in many instances the discretion of individual judges has decided the bail for example even last year in madhya pradesh the high court allowed bail to a suspected molester provided that he visited his victim at her home and allowed her to tie a raki on him so supreme court took cognizance of this matter and it struck down this judgment of madhya pradesh high court here supreme court mentioned that using raki tying as a condition for bail transforms a molester into a brother by a judicial mandate so similarly in many cases the personal whims of the high court judges played as a condition in providing bail and that is why today we are going to see about bail its types and why do we need bail see bail denotes provisional release of accused for whom trial is pending here you should focus on the term provisional release the accused is not permanently released rather it is a provisional release and since the trial is pending that means the court is yet to announce the judgment so even though the accused person is in a provisional release that is the accused is not in a prison after the judgment the accused person may be acquitted or even sentenced by the court now the section in our Indian law that deals with the provisions of bail are section 436 and section 437 of court of criminal procedure CRPC in this section 436 deals with provisions of bail in bailable offense see under this section bail is the right of a person who has been accused for commission of an offense which is bailable in nature so this provision casts a mandatory duty on police official as well as on the court to release the accused on bail if the offense alleged to be committed by that person is bailable in nature so what are some of the common bailable offenses according to Indian penal code it includes you know a simple hurt bribery public nuisance etc these are bailable offenses so if you are alleged of any of these crimes you can apply for bail now if you come to section 437 this section deals with the provisions of bail in non-bailable offenses yes there are also offenses which are called as non-bailable offenses that is here the offenses itself non-bailable in nature we saw that bail is a right for accused in case of bailable offense but in case of non-bailable offenses it is up to the discretion of the courts on whether to give bail or not so it is not a right here so if there is a statement which says bail is a right of the individual now this is a common statement so it is incorrect bail is a right only if the offenses bailable offense now you should also know that there are three types of bail according to our Indian law they are regular bail interim bail and anticipatory bail if you take regular bail it is a direction given by the court to release a person who is already under arrest and kept in police custody so the accused is under police custody so and the court is directing to release that person provisionally so that means in case of a regular bail a person can file a bail application and this is filed under section 437 and section 439 of CRPC now then what is anticipatory bail it is a direction issued to release a person on bail even before the person is arrested that is if any person has reason to believe that he or she may be arrested for a non-bailable offense then they can apply for anticipatory bail here anticipatory means they have anticipated in advance itself that they may be arrested so to prevent themselves from being arrested they apply for this kind of bail and note that this bail is issued only by the sessions court and high court and this bail application that is the anticipatory bail application is filed under section 438 of CRPC then what about the interim bail so this is the bail that is granted for a short period of time this bail is granted before the hearing for the grant of a regular bail or anticipatory bail so these are the three main types of bail available in India now you should also remember that this bail is not applicable until you know the judgment is delivered it can be cancelled in between under section 437 and 439 of CRPC the courts have the power to cancel the bail after the bail is provided and under these provisions the court can give directions to the police officer to arrest the person and keep the person in police custody so now let us come to the point of why do we need bail the first and foremost is when a person is granted bail you know that means the person is released from prison but provisionally so that means the personal liberty of that person is no more curtailed so bail is necessary to protect an individual's personal liberty and secondly it is not always that a person is arrested based on true accusations the reasons could be false also so these are the two main reasons as to why we need bail I hope you had a clarity about bail in general we'll know more about when the supreme court pronounces its judgment regarding the conditions of bail now let us come on to the next discussion so now let us take up this news article for discussion it says that the Bengaluru regional office of UIDAI has withdrawn a notification due to a controversy see this notification asked people not to share photocopies of their Aadhar card saying that it could be misused but we can see that this notification is contrary to what the central government said before because on multiple occasions the central government as well as the UIDA authority has publicly proclaimed many times that without biometric information other details could not be used to impersonate a person even central government once said that Aadhar is an identity document so by its very nature it needs to be shared openly with others whenever required so we can clearly see that the notification in question which advised people against sharing photocopies of Aadhar is contrary to the previous stand of the government along with this the notification also advised people from using any public computer to download electronic versions of the Aadhar so by realizing the contradictory nature of this notification now this notification has been withdrawn which is what the news is today and since problems is in four days I am going to take this opportunity to revise few important facts about Aadhar first of all this Aadhar or Aadhar number is a 12 digit individual identification number this number is issued by UIDAI that is unique identification authority of India it issues the number on behalf of the government of India and as you know UIDAI is a statutory authority that is established under the Aadhar Act of 2016 and it functions under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology what is this Aadhar Act of 2016 it is the Aadhar targeted delivery of financial and other subsidies benefits and services Act of 2016 in short we call it as Aadhar Act of 2016 now this act only provides the legal backing for Aadhar now coming back to the Aadhar number it serves as a proof of identity and address anywhere in India so remember that Aadhar number is just a proof of identity and it does not confer any right of citizenship or domicile in respect of an Aadhar number holder so just because you hold Aadhar number does not mean that you have the right of citizenship or domicile but why do we need Aadhar number see it establishes uniqueness of every individual on the basis of certain information like demographic information and biometric information so it provides a credible identity here demographic information could mean your name date of birth age address etc and biometric information could mean the fingerprints iris scans facial photograph etc also remember that Aadhar is a voluntary service that every resident can avail irrespective of present documentation this was retreated by supreme court also that it is a voluntary service and it could not be a mandatory one another importance of this other number is that it helps the residents to avail various services that are provided by banking mobile number connections and other government and non-government services in due course so now comes the question of who can apply for it that is who is eligible to obtain Aadhar number actually any individual irrespective of their age and gender can obtain it and they have to be a resident in India and they also have to satisfy the verification process that is laid down by the UIDI authority here the resident of India has been defined in the Aadhar Act it means an individual who has resided in India for a period which amounts to 182 days or more and these 182 days should be in 12 months which is immediately preceding the date of application for enrollment so this is when you are applying for Aadhar as a resident in India now apart from residents in India even the NRIs that is non-resident Indians can also avail Aadhar see this provision was particularly included in 2019 only it was included through a notification according to this a non-resident Indian after her or his arrival in India is entitled to obtain an Aadhar number now you don't get confused that whether NRI becomes a resident Indian after arriving in India no it is not because an NRI has been defined differently in the act according to the act NRI is a person who is a citizen of India and holding a valid Indian passport but not a resident as defined in the act so if you are a NRI and if you want Aadhar number then you should have a valid Indian passport it is accepted as proof of identity proof of address and date of birth here Indian passport is mandatory as proof of identity but for proof of address and date of birth you can also provide other documents mentioned by the authority so residents of India as well as NRIs can avail Aadhar number and also note that individuals they have to enroll only once but if there is multiple enrollment then the duplicates will be rejected further Aadhar enrollment is free of cost for all the residents of India as well as for the NRIs so what about the validity of such an enrollment see this Aadhar number is unique for each individual as he already said so it remains valid for a lifetime but do we have only physical copy of Aadhar no apart from this we have two other categories of Aadhar one is E Aadhar and another one is masked Aadhar instead of physical copy you can also use the E Aadhar this E Aadhar is a password protected electronic copy of Aadhar and it is digitally signed by the competent authority of UI DAI and if you come to masked Aadhar this is the option which allows you to mask your Aadhar number in your downloaded E Aadhar that is a part of the Aadhar number that 12 digit is masked so how many numbers is masked the first eight digits of Aadhar number is masked with some characters like XXX and only the last four digits of this other number are visible so these are a few facts that you need to know about Aadhar number we already have a previous question regarding Aadhar I'll discuss it at the practice questions discussion session now let us move on to the next discussion now let us take up this data point for discussion it provides us with the data from the recent national achievement survey findings see according to the survey due to the pandemic the marks scored by the Indian school students in the examination conducted by the national achievement survey has declined significantly the decline could be seen across classes and in most of the subjects so let us see what is this national achievement survey and we'll also see some of the important data from the data point the syllabus relevant to this discussion is highlighted here you can go through it see this national achievement survey is a survey to assess the student's learning outcome and this survey comes under the ministry of education now the framework that determines the student's learning outcome has been developed by NCRT that is national council of educational research and training and based on this framework only the learning outcomes are assessed now this is a national level survey but it is conducted by CVSC that is central board of second education the framework has been developed by NCRT but it is conducted by CVSC and also know that this survey covers the state government schools government aged schools private unneeded recognized schools and also the central government schools so what is the objective behind this survey it is to assess the learning gap and to evaluate students competencies in this way the survey helps to identify the efficiency of the education system of our country so for this which are all the classes and which are all the subjects targeted the targeted classes are class 3, 5, 8 and 10 and the subjects that are targeted differ in each of these classes for example in class 3 and 5 the subjects which are monitored include Indian language environmental studies and then mathematics and for class 8 Indian language mathematics science and social science is monitored and for class 10 English is also monitored with these four subjects so before seeing the findings of the survey let us see why the survey is significant as you know the right to education act was passed in the year 2010 after this the gross enrollment ratio has been rising in our country this is because the act increased the accessibility of education but the issue is the learning outcome in India has been on the decline this was noted by many survey reports for example it was even highlighted by the annual status of education report that is the ASIR report the 13th ASIR report even noted that only 73 percentage of class 8 students can read and understand class 2 level text so you can see that learning outcomes have not been achieved at all so through the national assessment surveys the government can diagnose the learning gaps of students and it can also determine interventions that are required in educational policies teaching practices and learning so overall the NAS findings help the government in designing capacity building for teachers also and officials who are involved in delivery of education so these are the two significance of NAS along with this since school education is the foundation over which the rest of the academic capacity of the student is built a good school education is highly necessary plus India has a positive demographic dividend and to use this productively human capital must be efficient also and to increase this efficiency a strong foundational school education is required so in this way the NAS surveys help in ensuring the incremental learning outcome from the schools so now let us come to the NAS survey 2021 look at this graph here this graph shows the mean marks that were scored in 2017-18 survey and 2021 survey it shows the mean marks scored across all classes and in all subjects that have been taken up for the survey here the gray dot represents the 2017-18 data and the red dot represents the 2021 data and as you can see here if the arrow mark is towards the right then that means the mean score has increased if it is towards the left then it means the mean score has declined and we can see that except for English in class 10 in all other areas the mean marks scored has declined in English in class 10 the score has increased from 253 to 277 but in other areas the scores have declined mainly due to pandemic and the lockdowns apart from this there are also two other major findings of this NAS 2021 first one is that the schools in rural areas scored lower than their urban counterparts and this can be attributed to many reasons especially the unavailability of digital education because in many of the rural areas internet connection and internet penetration was a major problem and another important finding is that female students have performed better than male students so these are the three important findings of NAS 2021 again these are data that you can use in your main sensor writing for substantiating any point regarding the effects of pandemic so with this news article discussion we are moving to the next session of practice questions discussion as I said during the articles discussion where we saw about Aadhar number I said that there are previous equations in this area and today I have taken two previous equations in this part let us take the first one this one was asked in the year 2018 it is a two statement question first statement is Aadhar card can be used as a proof of citizenship or domicile this statement is incorrect during discussion itself we clearly saw that Aadhar cannot be used as a proof of citizenship or domicile rather it is just a proof of identity so statement one is incorrect now let us come to this statement two once issued Aadhar number cannot be deactivated or omitted by the issuing authority see even if you are confused whether this statement is right or not you can assume that this right based on our discussion because during the discussion we saw that if there is a duplication of Aadhar enrollment then the duplicate will be deleted by the authority this simply means that Aadhar number once issued it can be omitted so based on that we can say this statement is incorrect because it says it cannot be omitted so remember Aadhar number may be deactivated or permanently omitted by the UIDAI and this is as per Aadhar act regulations so both the statements are incorrect here but look at the question it asks for the correct statements so be careful while answering the question because the correct answer is option D neither one nor two now the second previous question that I have taken is this one which was asked in there 2020 it is a four statement question see this question can be answered if you follow the supreme court's judgment regarding Aadhar the judgment which came in there 2018 this question is entirely based on that judgment let us take up each statement now first statement Aadhar metadata cannot be stored for more than three months see metadata is a set of data that describes and gives information about other data regarding this the supreme court judgment stated that Aadhar metadata including the authentication data of citizens who have enrolled for Aadhar cannot be retained beyond six months so here the period is six months and not three months and that is why statement one is incorrect so from this we can eliminate options A and D now if you come to the second statement it says state can enter into any contract with private corporations for sharing of other data actually this was the main controversy at that time and the supreme court judgment provided a relief in this regard this provision existed in the other act under section 52 it allowed sharing of data with private entities but supreme court struck down this section 57 so after that the private bodies like telecom companies e-commerce firms cannot ask for a biometric and other data from consumers for their services so statement two is actually correct which mentions states cannot enter into any contract with private corporations for sharing of Aadhar data so the moment you know statement two is correct you can easily arrive at the correct answer which is option B 2 and 4 only now from this we can say that statement four is correct which is Aadhar is mandatory for getting benefits funded out of consolidated fund of India now during discussion we said obtaining Aadhar is voluntary and not mandatory but if you want to get benefits that are funded out of consolidated fund of India then Aadhar number is mandatory actually this is provided under section seven of the Aadhar act of 2016 and this section seven was challenged in the supreme court and supreme court upheld the constitutionality of this section and that is why it is mandatory now statement three is incorrect because when supreme court struck down section 57 which we already saw saying that private entities cannot ask for biometric and other data from consumers for their services at that time IRDI also issued a advisory stating that insurers should not mandatorily seek Aadhar data from the customers but this does not mean that they cannot accept Aadhar as one of the documents for KYC but they cannot mandatorily ask it if it is offered voluntarily by the policy holder or by the proposer then it can be received by the insurer and that is why statement three is incorrect so the correct answer is option B 2 and 4 only so these were the two previous questions based on Aadhar now let us take up one practice question I have given a two statement question here first statement Aadhar is a 13 digit individual identification number issued by unique identification authority of India here two parts are there in this question first part is it is a 13 digit individual identification number it is incorrect because Aadhar is a 12 digit individual identification number but the second half is correct so statement one is incorrect as a whole if we come to statement two children can be enrolled for Aadhar right from birth and biometrics are taken for them this statement is incorrect here also the first hope is correct children can be enrolled for Aadhar right from their birth but the second half is incorrect because for children who are below five years biometrics will not be captured because they are still in the development stage so here also both the statements are incorrect and the question asks you to choose the incorrect statements only so the correct answer is option C both one and two now let us take up the next practice question it is regarding the national assessment survey 2021 first statement it is conducted by the university grants commission see if you know that this is not a university level assessment rather it is a school level survey then you can immediately say the statement is incorrect and the moment you realize this you can eliminate options A B and C and you can arrive at the correct answer 2 and 3 only without even knowing whether statement 3 is right or not because it is a data-based statement and it is quite difficult to remember such kinds of data so that is why we say if you see any topic in the news you should know the basics about it because if you know the basics most often you can use your elimination technique and you can arrive at the correct answer in the problems so 2 and 3 are correct 2 states the objective of this assessment and statement 3 is correct because if you take the data point here you can see that everything is in blue color which means there is a increase in the means course in English and we saw that English is monitored only in class 10 now let us take up the next question so now let us take up this question it asks which of the following are mosquito-borne diseases the options given are Zika, Leishman Isis, West Nile Fever, Yellow Fever, Japanese Encephalitis so from today's discussion you can see three should be in answer that is West Nile Fever so you can eliminate option B now you should know that all these are vector-borne diseases vector means the living organisms that can transmit infectious pathogens between humans or from animals to humans so therefore the vector-borne diseases are those illnesses which are caused by the parasites, viruses and bacteria which are transmitted by these vectors so the vectors transmit the parasites, viruses and bacteria which causes illnesses so here we are particularly in this question you want to know about the vector mosquito among these Leishman Isis is the one which is not caused by the vector mosquito Leishman Isis is caused by sand flies these sand flies transmit a parasite which causes the Leishman Isis disease other than that the remaining that is the Zika, West Nile Fever, Yellow Fever, Japanese Encephalitis all these are caused by mosquito only but there are different kinds of mosquitoes which transmits these diseases you should also know that for example Chicken Gunia, Dengu, Lymphatic Filaris, then Yellow Fever, Zika all these are caused by ADIS mosquito on the other hand Malaria and Lymphatic Filaris is caused by Anophilus mosquito and as we saw during discussion West Nile Fever is caused by Qlex mosquito even Japanese Encephalitis is caused by Qlex mosquito only now here you can notice that Lymphatic Filaris is caused by all these three types of mosquito you can also see what type of pathogen they transfer the Qlex mosquito in case of West Nile Fever transfers a virus whereas in case of Malaria the Anophilus mosquito transfers a parasite so you should also know this difference these grouping is important because there is already a question in prylums as you can see here the question talks about Zika virus disease and in the first statement you can see that it mentions in tropical region Zika virus disease is transmitted by the same mosquito that transmits Dengu and just now we saw that this is correct both are caused by ADIS mosquito so this grouping is important from prylums perspective just know that so the correct answer to this question is option D 1 3 4 and 5 only now let us take up this next question it is about the unicorns first statement only privately owned startups can become unicorns this statement is correct we saw the student discussion itself second statement India is gradually transitioning from the age of unicorns to the age of deca-cons see during discussion we saw that unicorn is a term given only to startups who have valuation of over a billion that is over 1 billion so here the uni in unicorn denotes one now when such startups exceed the valuation of 10 billion dollars they are grouped under the term deca-con it could also be called as super unicorn now some of the examples of deca-con includes you know space x drop box etc and india is gradually transitioning from the age of unicorns to the age of deca-cons it is true see already as of may 2022 47 companies worldwide have achieved the deca-con status and in india we have four of them they are flip-cut by juice nika and they have been added to the deca-con list so statement two is also correct but be careful here the question asks you to choose the incorrect statements therefore the correct answer to this question is option d neither one nor two now let us take up the quiz question for today this question is based on our bail discussion read each statement carefully and you can post the correct answer in the comment section I'll tell you whether your answer is right or not today we do not have a main question so with this we have come to the end of in the news analysis for the date 30th of May 2022 in five days you have problems exam so those who are giving attempt this year all the best if you like this video don't forget to like comment and share and also subscribe to our channel for receiving regular updates thank you