 Welcome to my channel. Whenever we are preparing for UGC Net exam, I have seen people doing this mistake that they focus on the really important works but they neglect some lesser known or less important works. But then there are times when UGC Net examination is flooded with questions from such lesser known and not so popular work. So in this video I am going to talk about some really important not so famous essays which you must study if you are preparing for UGC Net English literature exam. The first important writer that we are going to study in this lesson is George Iliad. George Iliad has written this really famous essay called Silly Novels by Lady Novelist. This novel talks about the female writings during her time and she criticizes the female writers who were writing mine and millinery novels. Mine and millinery novels is a term given by George Iliad and such kind of novels according to George Iliad were the ones wherein the plot is very similar. There is a beautiful heroine and she falls in love with a very handsome hound and they marry and they live happily ever after. George Iliad criticizes such kind of plot because she says that such kind of writings is highly unrealistic. Such kind of literature is not relevant from the point of view of Victorian society because that doesn't happen in Victorian society in the lives of people living during Victorian society. So she criticizes such works also she says that writing such novels undermine the real cause of educating a female because during her time only some females were educated and even those females were writing such plots such highly unrealistic plots. So she said that at this high time that females should not write about such cliche things and should write about something really important so that they also achieve the same position which the male writers have achieved. The second important writer that we are going to talk about is Edmund Burke. Edmund Burke has written two very famous essays. One is Reflections on French Revolution. In this essay he criticizes the French Revolution and he says that you know I don't like the very idea of French Revolution because it is based on abstract ideas the concept of liberty and justice all these are very abstract things and we don't need to fight about it. The second important essay written by Edmund Burke is on American taxation. In this essay he has talked about the condition of America when America was colonized and this essay is basically a combination of speeches which he gave in front of the British government asking them to think about the American people and to actually free them from the colonial position because that is degrading America. He was someone who supported justice, who supported decolonization and who wanted America to be free. So he supported American Revolution in his work on American taxation. The next important writer is Edward Gibbon. Edward Gibbon has written this work called Decline and Fall of Roman Empire. The work Decline and Fall of Roman Empire is in six books. Remember these six books because the question has been asked in the net exam that Decline and Fall of Roman Empire is in how many books and the answer is six books. Also remember that this work Decline and Fall of Roman Empire is about the history of ancient Rome and about Christianity and the spread of Christianity and it is due to this work that Edward Gibbon is called as the modern historian of ancient Rome. So he has been given this title Modern Historian of Ancient Rome because he wrote this really beautiful work called Decline and Fall of Roman Empire. The fourth important writer that we are going to talk is Giambattista Vico. Giambattista Vico has written this work New Science. New Science is a work which talks about history of different civilizations and you won't believe that this work contains 114 maxims. So this entire work has 114 maxims in it which is a big thing. Also this work New Science has been asked in the net exam in December 2014 where they asked that New Science is a work by and the answer was Giambattista Vico. He is an Italian writer and in this work he talks about two very important things. One thing is that he says that according to him Iliad and Odyssey is not a work by a single writer who is Homer but rather this is an accumulation of works by different writers. So according to him Iliad and Odyssey is something which is written by so many writers and the works of those writers have been mixed in order to form a major work which is Iliad and Odyssey to two major works. Then he also talks about three ages. Age of God, age of heroes and age of man. So he talks about the characteristics and features of all these ages. It's not very important to read the entire work but at least read the major ideas that he has discussed in his work. Now let's talk about another major writer. His name is John Calvin and it is because of his beliefs that we have another branch of Christianity known as Calvinism. Now Calvin has written this work called Pre-Destination in Freewill and the ideas that Calvin has mentioned in this work I actually don't agree with those ideas but then literature is all about celebrating different perspectives and different angles. Let me tell you what he talks about in his book. He says that according to him all human beings are sinned from birth. We all are sinned since the time we took birth on this earth. He says that Jesus Christ and God, Jesus Christ is Son of God God and Jesus Christ both believe that they will choose certain people who will go and will achieve salvation and rest everyone will be condemned. So God sitting in the heaven chooses certain people from the earth who would achieve salvation and rest everybody is condemned and Jesus Christ when comes on earth dies only for the sins of people who are close to God's heart and all the non-believers they are punished severely when Jesus Christ dance. So this is the idea that he gives in his work Pre-Destination in Freewill. Now when I read this work there is this question in my mind that if everything is predetermined then how our actions affect our future because if God has not chosen me for salvation then no matter whatever I do, whatever good deeds I do in my lifetime I will never attain salvation. So the entire futility of action comes into my mind but then this is what John Calvin has to say about it in his work Pre-Destination in Freewill. So do think about it that do you agree with John Calvin or are you on my side saying that no our actions will determine our future and Pre-Destination doesn't exist. Another important essay is written by John Milton and the name of the essay is Area Pejitika. In the essay area Pejitika he actually opposes the licensing act and for those of you who don't know let me tell you that in the period when John Milton was writing government put forward a licensing and censorship act in which he said that anybody who was writing anything that book will not be published unless and until a censor board doesn't approve that work and Milton opposed this entire notion of licensing and censor act because he says that that curtailes the liberty and of press nobody will be able to write anything which opposes the government because government harus cheese ko ban kar degi and will not allow that thing to be published and this work Area Pejitika is basically this feature that he gave in front of the parliament of Britain and in that speech he talks about several reasons why this censorship act is not beneficial and he says that number one ko hi bhi akshi worth while book jo ogi usse ban kar diya jayega just because it contains certain portions jo itne apropriate mein hai to hi poori akshi book ko ban kar degi just because of certain things which are included in that book number two unfairly ko hi akshi book ko censor kar diya jayega ek book bohag achhi hai ek work bohag achha hai but just because usme kuch aise ideas hai jo British government ko sayi nahi lagte usse ek akshi book ko bohag censor kar denge and they will not publish that book the third reason that he gives is that he says that this process of scrutinizing each and every book is very time consuming itna upuch likha jata hai in the whole of Britain ki ap agar har ek work ko par hoge aur usse approve kar hoge that will take a lot of time number four he says that new ideas will not come because agar har book ko censor kar diya jayega to koi bhi writer naaya idea pe book likne se pehle 10 bar socheega because usko lagega main poori book likdoonga but then maybe government will never approve of my work so he will never write on new topics as well as he also says that the writers who have already written the books will not revise their books will not revise their ideas because hosata hai agar revised edition ko censor kar diya jayega so new ideas will not come up so iss poore work main he has talked about several important things and he has talked about certain things that he finds is important which is essential to have freedom of press in any country and any culture the next important writer is Richard Hooker and he has written this wonderful work called laws of sveastical quality in the work laws of sveastical quality he talks about the proper governance of churches how churches should be governed and this book is divided into 8 parts do remember that this book is divided into 8 books because this question was asked in a net exam that laws of sveastical quality contains how many books in it also you must remember that this work was written during the time when England distinguished itself from the Holy Roman Empire and the Catholic Church basically in England Catholicism followed and Catholicism and this Holy Roman Church was operating from Rome and the Pope in Rome used to say the same thing in Europe but due to several political conditions this Roman Church broke itself and established its own church which was called Anglican Church Church of England Anglo is related to England so Anglican Church established and in this work laws of sveastical quality Richard Hooker is supporting Anglican church in saying that yes Monarch should be the head of the church because Holy Roman Empire and his church system according to that Pope is the head of the church which is most important King comes under the Pope so King's views can be opposed but when England established its own church which is called Anglican Church according to Anglican Church the Monarch of England would have the supreme authority on the church authorities so in this work laws of sveastical quality Richard Hooker is appreciating that Monarch should be on the top of the church also he talks about this very important thing where he says that it is important that the church governance that is based on the Book of Common Prayer Book of Common Prayer was also published in England during that time and in this Book of Common Prayer the major idea was that every common man could read it was written in English language not in Latin whenever the church read books that was written in Latin because that was the language of Rome given that time but Anglican Church's language was English and Anglican Church believed that every common man could read so the books of the church were written in English language last but not least we will be talking about one very important work which has been our genetic exam several times the work is by Thomas Carly and the work is called Sartre Resartus the title Sartre Resartus when translated into English means tailor retailed so you can see how the title is related to clothing and if you are thinking about the same then I would like to tell you that yes this book talks about the clothing style so all those who are interested in the fashion industry must go and read this book because this book talks about a famous tailor known as Diogenes and this book is a biography of Diogenes an autobiography of Thomas Carly himself the book is divided into 3 parts in the first part he talks about the philosophy of clothes why clothes are important, what all clothing styles were popular in the past in the second book he talks about the autobiography of Diogenes and he says that Diogenes was left at the doorstep and he had to face so many challenges and problems in his life in the third book he talks about the clothing styles which are popular during that time the book was written in England and it talks about the clothing styles that were popular in England during that time in the third book he talks about a very very important idea which is called everlasting yes and everlasting no it is a must to read from net.edu because several times I have asked this question that what everlasting yes means what everlasting no means we talk about all these important things we talk about all these essays that I have talked in brief in this video and we talk about many more essays in my audio online course so if you are interested to prepare for UGC net in a very revolutionary way then you can go to my website www.arputakarba.com you will find a list of all the writers all the important essays then all the important topics that I covered in my online course the links of all the important social media platforms where I post go net quiz is given in the description box below so you can check the description box and follow me on facebook instagram, telegram and whatsapp so that whenever I post go net quiz which helps you in preparing for UGC net you will be notified also if you like this video then do subscribe to my channel give this video a thumbs up and share it with other net aspirants till the time we meet next happy learning, keep loving literature