 Good morning, friends. Well, I stand before you to speak on the topic micro-level realities and the policy coherence in Amnesty Asia. Many studies for enhancing resilience to the climate change. This is the part of the work which I had carried out in Amnesty Asia, compared to seven Amnesty countries, three in South Asia, three in South Asia, as well as China. But today I will be focusing mostly on Indian Amnesty perspective. And most of my amnesty perceptions about the different Amnesty countries are contained in the paper, detailed on paper. To start with, well, I have schematized my presentation into an eight part. First of all, I would like to amnesty throwing some light on the various links of the climate change and the various agriculture and its livelihood, just to attempt to impose certain key Amnesty questions. Well, then I'm dealt with about climate change and reality. What is exactly in a climate change and all those things? And then I will move on forward to discuss something about my vulnerability and all those other things. And will provide you some curious trends of the climate changes. And further, I will attract you through the various some grass wood level inside imperatives. And then we'll deal with various capacity, adaptation capacity, and I'm likewise. And later I will bring forth certain key messages emanated from the talk. And then finally, we'll conclude with them concretely. So to start with, the impact of climate change, as we all know, is more profound in agriculture sector because not only because of the direct effects, but also because of various other effects as well. And that is rainfall, rainfall temperature, pest and disease dynamics. And thereby, I'm reducing the very some potential gains and the livelihood which are likely to be accrued to the farmers. But situation gets some further compounded when situation gets further compounded in the rainfall domains because due to the fact that the rural areas are deficient in the soft as well as hard infrastructure. And the situation further compounded because of low public investment in these urban regions. So making the people of the rainfall domain very vulnerable, highly vulnerable in these urban regions. And thereby, their livelihood gets impacted. So there is a need of a poor approaches for the adaptation of the systems to the climate change. Now, well, we all know that climate change is a reality. And which is evident from the various trends and changes. These trends and changes definitely impact on farming. Thereby, livelihood of a majority of the farmers is impacted. And as I told, impact is greatly felt in rainfall agriculture. Now, we see that the global discourses on the climate change are far from the local income context. And that is evident from the very much skewed perspective about our mitigation and all those things. We see that the 90% percent of the spending on the climate change agenda is biased towards the mitigation aspect and very less on adaptation. And these discourses are based on very aggregated data sets, less on relevance on the micro-level context, and which is reflected in the very much skewed perspective of the planning and processes which are mostly carried out in the different countries. So due to this, they may not offer inspiring lead lines and forum evolving holistic coping strategies against the risk. Hence, there is a need to downscale the current time focuses and buy on current time approach by focusing on the local and situations. Now, so keeping this in mind, VNICSAT have undertaken a mega program encompassing seven countries, three in South Asia, three in South Asia, and China. And I'm connected of that program. And the aim is to provide science-based solutions. And further, to identify and practice various sectors and the regions which are vulnerable and to set up a kind of repository to help policy and decisions. Now, questions comes. Comes how to address this agenda. Now, just I'm giving you a snapshot that we had undertaken in the summit project. All these are components of our exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity, and resilience as well. And replicate the similar kind of things in different countries. Now, questions come. Basically, there are four pillars of this adaptation planning. But in most of the studies and the literature, very few people have done the holistic concept. And there are literature which is bound with the various climatic changes and all those things. There is a literature which has talked of what are various inferences of the climate change and its relation to the topping pattern. There is a literature which has talked of what has happened to the various local people. But very less, there is a scanty literature which is available that how taking these three things into them together, that how to devise a kind of adaptation planning. So we had embarked on to this. And this framework poses certain key questions like where to target, what to target. So first of all, we need to identify vulnerable regions, which is the first and foremost of our exercise. Normally, we have seen that in the country level panning, country level, we have seen that most of the presenters have carried out a country level exercise. But in a country like ours, we have got a five of them distinct among regions, rainfall region, irrigator region, mountainous region, ecoregion, coastal region. So there cannot be a single policy, blanket policy, which can be effective for all these five regions. Now, so after that, we need to look at climatic variability at the local level, micro level. Then after looked at the grasswood level, I'm impressive. And then finally looked at what are various constraints and then devise what would be going forward. Now, just to provide a robust targeting approach, what we have done is that we have looked at the district level. District is a basic administrative and decision-making of units. And we have looked at the vulnerability from the district perspective and taking 26 variables, variables comprising exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity, and all those things. And then we also looked at this some availability at a different time of period just to capture the dynamicity of this vulnerability. Now, majority of the district in the some Indian set are falls undervaluable to very highly available category. Now, we have also carried out this kind of exercise first time in different countries at a desegregated level. Till then, we had a kind of information which was available at a aggregate level or maximum at a regional level, but at the provincial level or at a district level. In this 7M country, this was the first time exercise we have ever carried out. Now, so just to give you a flavor of variability, we see that we have seen that the rainfall continues to be very highly available within the city, touching close to around 40%. And 40% for the south western monsoon, which bring close to around 2 third of the total rainfall in India. And temperature is also arising marginally. And there are occurrences of the temperature and even various some extreme events. But I'm not going to go into detail of this climatic analysis. Just I wanted to draw certain curious trends from this. Now, the critical point which I would like to highlight is that the localized context of the climate. We have compared rainfall pattern at a 5M level that is a state level, district level, country level, mandal level, mandal that is a metasy level, that is a sub-improvisional level and at a village level also. Because we have got a got a data sets, panel on data sets, and we have got a village level rain and gauges. We have compared the village, mandal, district, state and the country. You see the kind of divergence which is I mean, which is I mean, so at a particular village level or at a district level, there is an acute divergence. And you can imagine that that the kind of extent of divergence which is I mean, taking place at a higher level. So this I mean, disconnector is reflected in the planning processes and which is I mean, and that's why I mean, imperative of the grass root level are seldom of address. Now, so in a precise, climatic reality experienced by the farmers manifest at a local level and hence meaningful strategies are are imperative at a district level. Now, with this premise in mind, I will portray certain grass root level I mean, grass root level insights from this I mean, means from this, from the long-term panel data. So just I will showcase six of villages and we have done some exercise with having a various methods. So I will not I mean, means go into detail means just I will tell you that, so these these are grass root level and perception perception stresses the need to form adaptation at a grass root level, household level. And so even though programs and the policies, they are they are developed, developed at a debated, debated at a macro level but the real and beneficiary or the real and sufferer is at the local level, micro level, farmer level. Now, so hence adaptation strategies need not to be looked in isolation and form a building, building a resiliency, resiliency at a farmer level or at a local level. There is a need of a, I mean, cohesiveness, net as cohesiveness at a different time level that is on a farm level, social level, technological level and various I mean, various policy level level. So household level, adaptation practices in a nutshells and when we have looked at the grass root level, level also there are certain constants and which are reflected in the field level like even known availability of a cultivars, farm level, farm level, institution level, technological level and even social level. We have captured all those I mean, and then try to link to the various programs, programs, policy currently in big. Now, just to give you a snapshot and the various I mean, you see that that I will, that that the noteworthy thing which is I'm emerged from this, means from this I'm data set is that that the, that the, that the, means small and the manual and farmers, they have got a least time resilience capacity compared to even laborers. And second thing is recovery of period, recovery of period, period. So these things are to be captured in the, so now, software I mean, looking into, means some different time constant, means what we have done is that we just I mean, looked into various programs, programs, policies meant at the grassroot level, close to 40 plus 40, 40 of our programs are I mean, prevailing at the grassroot level, seldom very, very on few find, find it's, whoa, reality. But in the paper, there are I mean, close to 40 plus some program. What I've done is that I have I'm categorized, all these are in program, program into seven I mean groups. First group, first group, that is exactly support on program, second I mean, likewise and all those things. And then looked at the kind of efficacy of design program, program at the grassroot level because we need to devise certain programs, policies which has got it effectiveness. So, we just some, and then you will be, I mean, to just see that the, that the modular groups are poorly benefited from this program. Modular groups are mainly benefit, benefit from the food and I mean, food and nutrition support program and farm support programs are linked to various I mean, various I mean institution and the network. So I'm not going to, so just I will focus on the, so from the some foregoing discussion, we could get that, that we have got a five of messages. Number one, support target based on vulnerability. Number one, number two, number two, we need to capture micro level, micro level of variability. Third, suitable crop and crop and research and management practices are required. Then we need to blend farmer, some traditional immunologists and lastly, we need to improve participative governance. Now, so with this, with this means I'm in mind, what I've done is that I have tried to develop, what are the needs, needs at the grassroot level and various some issues which I've immerse into these some surveys and all those some things and then try to link, link to the various programs, policy currently, currently in a Vogue in six of ministries and then try to devise a kind of a matrix. Now, matrix is like this, very some issues at the grassroot level, then try to link up the, very some precise what, what has to be done at the program level, what would be activities and then go. And then, so likewise we have listed and just to conclude that just to improve resilience capacity at the grassroot level, we need to develop coping strategies to shield farmers against climatic environment. And then we need to also document the farmer's traditional knowledge, blend them with science and I mean, improvised those technologies, traditional knowledge and then, so because there will be, there will be not be any gap in the process and then. You are out of time. Okay, thank you.