 Hello viewers, I welcome you all for this session on speed and delay studies. In the previous session, we have discussed about the applications of speed and delay studies and also the methods of speed and delay studies. The main applications of the speed and delay studies includes, we can identify easily the location of the delay, congestion of the delay, cause of the delay and extent of the delay. And also we can give the right improvement proposals on a particular basis on that particular studies. We have also seen what are the different methods of conducting speed and delay studies by using floating car method and also we have seen license plate method, elevated observations. So out among that, moving car observe method holds good for conducting speed and delay studies. The learning outcome of the today's session, at the end of the session, students will able to calculate the journey time, journey speed and running speed of the traffic stream. So with the previous understanding, I hope you are able to select the correct answer among these given the multiple type questions. Speed and delay studies are useful in identifying the location of congestion, is it true or false? And second question, operation delays are caused at intersection due to traffic stream, traffic signals. So you can pause over here and give the answer for these questions. I hope you are able to give the select the correct answer. The correct answer, first one is true, yes the speed and delay studies are useful in identifying the location of congestion, also we know that the cause of the congestion and how much extent it is happened, what is the reason behind the congestion? The first answer is true. And operation delays are caused at intersection due to traffic signals, it is false because operation delays are happened due to the interference of the traffic stream. The interference may be while vehicle is on the road and taking, turning the vehicle on the road due to the turning of the vehicle, the true traffic make face the delay in the traffic stream and also parking while unparking the vehicle also you may face the congestion or maybe lesser width of the road also you may face the congestion. And other reasons are sometimes any accident happened, there also you can have the congestion. Intersection at the intersection we have fixed delays. So now we will take the example over here on floating car method, we already know that how to conduct the speed and delay study using floating car method. So we will have an example on that. So the data is given like this, the survey is conducted in two direction, one is north south direction and opposite we have conducted on north south north directions. So asking you to calculate the what is volume, journey speed and running speed of the traffic stream along the each direction we have to calculate all these parameters. Length of the stretch is given as 3.5 kilometer. So let us proceed for solving this question. First of all you have to make the given in the given example make the data separate with respect to the each direction. So here along the north south direction we have made the data separate and also in the south north direction we have made the data separate. So now in the north south direction we know that the important the parameter which we are going to collect during the this speed and delay studies in the floating car method. So what is the journey time? Stop delays, number of vehicles overtaking to your test vehicle and number of vehicles overtaken by your test vehicle. So because we are running with a test vehicle. So along with the test vehicle how many vehicles are overtaking to your vehicle and how many vehicles you have overtaken. So that is number of vehicles overtaken and also we have to count the number of vehicles coming from the opposite direction. So now making after making separation of the data along the each direction now we have to take the total of the journey time and also other parameters and find out the what is the mean of the all the parameters. So for the north south direction the journey time you go on adding all the parameters and you know in this is in a second 32 second 50. So add all the seconds and divide it by 60. So one minute is 60 seconds. So now after adding all the second and divide it by 60 so that comes to 26 minute. Now here again you have to add all the minutes and seconds and seconds are added and divided by 60 here 1 minute 30 seconds. So like this you go on adding and taking the average of the all this reading. The same way you have to do it for the south north direction also. So here in the south north direction the total is 30 minutes 24 second and the mean of that is 7 minutes 36 seconds. So like this 1 minute 58 second and 3, 2 and 179. So now we will proceed for finding out the parameters along the north of south direction. The first one we will define some of the parameters associated with the calculation NY, NA, TW and TA. So what is NY? NY is average number of vehicles overtaking minus overtaken. So here you can see that in the north south direction the average number of vehicles overtaking minus overtaken. So here take the 3.5 minus 5. So number of vehicles are overtaken average is 3.5 and overtaken is 5. So it is comes to minus 1.5. So same way average number of vehicles during trips in opposite direction. So far you are going in the north south direction obviously opposite direction will be your south north direction. So in that case from the table opposite direction is number is 179. So same way you have to calculate what is the you have to take the data TW that is average journey time with the stream it is 6 minute 30 second and TA average journey time during against the stream 7 minute 36 second. So with the stream and against the stream. So with the stream means north south direction against the stream means south north direction. So put all the values over here and now we will use this equation to calculate average volume that is Q NA plus NY divided by TA plus TW. So in this case NA is 179 minus here it is the NY is minus 1.5 and TA is 7.6 and TW is 6.5. So average volume comes to 12.59 vehicles per minute. So same way you have to calculate the journey time again using TW minus NY by Q and TW is 6.5 and minus of minus 1.5 divided by the average volume you have got is 12.59. So that comes to 6.62 minute. So average journey speed we know that it is a distance upon time. So you know the distance given in the numerical it is 3.5 kilometer divided by the 6.62 that is every journey time you know that journey time includes the delays. So 6.62 includes the delays. So divided by 6.62 and here we have to multiply 60 to convert because it is in the 6.62 it is in minute we have to convert that into hours because we need a speed in KMPH to convert minute into hours you multiply by 60. So now that comes to 31.7 KMPH is the average journey speed along the north south direction. Same way you have to calculate for the average running speed here. So when I say running speed we know that running speed excludes the your delays. So here you remove the delays in the your the stop delays. So the average running time you remove the deduct the your delay. So that becomes your average running time. So with that you can calculate your average running speed again the distance upon the average running time that comes to 41 KMPH. So obviously running speed is more than the journey speed because this doesn't exclude you this excludes the your stop delays. So now with this we can got then the final values the average running speed is 41 KMPH and average journey speed is 31.7 and average volume is 12.5 and so in the same way we will calculate for the south north direction also. So here you can see that NY is again number of vehicles overtaking minus overtaken in the south north direction 3 minus 2 is 1 and the NEA that is opposite vehicle we know that for the south north opposite is north south you can say it is a 272 and average journey time with the stream is 7.6 minute and against the stream is 6.5 minute. Now same way you have to calculate the queue here in the south north direction it comes to 19.36 vehicles per minute and your journey time comes to 7.55 minute. So with this you can calculate same way journey speed again distance upon the journey time and convert minute into hours. So we multiply 60 that comes to 27.8 KMPH value. Now for finding out the average running speed again we have to calculate the deduct the delay so delay is the average delay in the south north direction is 1.96 so that comes to running time comes to 5.59 minute. So now here again you distance upon the time multiplied by 60 divided by the running time 37.56 KMPH. So you can see here in the south north direction because the delay is more due to that you are going to get the running speed is lesser compared to the north south direction. So in the north south direction we know that we have got the 41 KMPH but in the here the delay is lesser 1.5 minute but in the south north direction the delay is more because of that your running speed is also coming lesser. So these are the references I have used for preparing this presentation. Thank you.