 until the next cycle. One of the most fascinating forms of pesticide is daytime yon, the yon lemma, in which there is no screen. And one of the things I love about this picture is look at the other people there. Look where they're not looking. Humans don't watch these performances because they're not for you. There is no screen. There is no lamp. There's no microphone. There's no gamelan. It is purely for the gods, and nothing but the gods. The performance, this has to happen in the innermost part of the temple, which is ritually pure and with no screen. So actually, I had a fascinating conversation just this last weekend. I was at a conference and saw Jennifer Goodlander, that student I mentioned before. Now, a professor at Indiana University. And she was always writing about female Dalons. And she described an experience of watching a female Dalon perform a daytime festival. And many people were humans were watching. And she was curious about why and thought that perhaps they thought this was a novelty, thought this was interesting. Then she made some inquiries about it. And so the working theory she has right now, which I think is dead on, is that the people in the town were worried because a woman was performing this, that she might not get it right. She might do it unsuccessfully. And therefore, the gods would not be pleased. And the accommodations would not be made. And therefore, they had to monitor this to make sure it was going OK. So just in conclusion, I would argue that one of the values of this from me is, first of all, a recognition that our form of theater is peculiar. Not wrong, not bad. But it's historically conditioned by our time and our place. And we tend to think of Western, people in the West tend to think of Western theater as what theater is. And it ain't. So the idea that people talking and only talking, actors talking and only talking, and an audience sitting in the dark, is a historically and spatially conditioned form of theater. We take it as normal. But if you look at it in the world, it is rare. If you look at it in the history of humankind, our form of theater is rare. So we have much to learn fee-lolly, not just in, though, in what it can teach us about Western theater, but as I've described to describe here, it's importance in its own right. But ultimately, then, what I'm trying to argue here is it's not about theater. It's not about the puppets. It's about our place in the cosmos. I'm going to do boys and girls want to see a puppet show? So we're going to do a performance here. I'm going to be ably assisted by three wonderful assistants here, Ann, Hakeem, and Nina. And so while we're getting set up, this is a requirement. You have to eat. You have to drink. You also have to smoke cigarettes. All right, forget it. No about the show, no cigarettes, no about the show. I'm kidding. Oh, one other thing that, as I mentioned before, it's very important that you not just sit here. You need to come around and watch from the back also. So you have to slide here. So you need to get up and watch from the back also. I was talking to Jennifer Goodlander. I mentioned earlier this weekend that I was rather nervous about doing this performance. The last time I did this play fully was back in January. So I'm not very experienced with this. So I said to Jennifer, I'm really worried about performing this play. And she said, it's OK. Just remind the audience that this is happening during the daytime. So you're not supposed to watch. Just talk among yourselves. Don't look. Ignore me. Is that OK if I sit here, or am I going to be in your weight taping, I would want to ask? I don't think so. Is that actually OK if I sit here, but I can see better from over here? OK. I just want to make sure you're not taping the back of my head. Far less interesting than this. Look, it's out of the floor, yeah. On the wrong side of bed, do I have a frog in my throat? Was I up too late last night watching The Returns? No, I can't. There are songs like that. We don't like tradition. We want to go out shopping. We want to go riding on motorbikes. We want to go texting on our blueberries. My son, what kind of songs should I be singing? You should sing popular songs. Good songs, like say, Opa, Opa, Gangadzai, Opa. That song is only popular for one year, but the Mahabharata has been famous for thousands of years. It is the most famous song in the world. All people in the world know the Mahabharata. The Mahabharahu? Who knows about that? My son, a professor, has come all the way from America, from Ohio University, to visit Bali to learn Waian Kulit from the great Dalang, Haktun Jung. He wants to study the Mahabharata so he can return to America and teach his students about the lessons of the Mahabharata and the philosophy of the Mahabharata. What is that philosophy, Daddy? The philosophy teaches us that all people in the world are equal. We can learn peace and love from the Mahabharata. His president understands the philosophy of the Mahabharata. That is why he is a great leader. Daddy, Daddy, stop talking like that. You sound like a professor when you go on with these long speeches. We have to get to a meeting. Oh, what meeting is that? Well, Kunti, the mother of the Pandua family, is coming to the Sanisranga forest to meet her son, Yudhisthira. Oh, that sounds interesting. Let's go. Lots of money. They are not rich like the Koroa, but she can give her something more important than money. What is that, my son? That is the love of learning. That is more important. She can give him philosophy. That's right. And that's what your father and I are always trying to tell you. Yes, Daddy, I know that. And that's why I want to be a student for ever and ever. Yes, my son, learning is good, but you also have to get out. You have to meet girls. You have to get married. You have to get a job. Do you realize how old you are? Son, you are 45 years old. It's good to learn, but you have to move on. You have to get on with your life. You have to apply the knowledge you have learned. You have to make the world a better place. That is the philosophy of the Mahaviraga. OK, Daddy, but you are talking too much again. The Panduah are bringing their weapons to their teacher, Residrona, who is having a big ceremony for the examination. He is going to test all the Koroa and the Panduah, but first he has to do special prayers for the weapons. Oh, that sounds interesting. Let's go. His weapons are strong, so I have to switch them with weak weapons. I hope nobody will know what I am doing. Which one is Arjuna's weapon? Which one is Bhima's weapon? Let's see. I have to find that. I have some good ideas. I still hope they make you self-deport. Why are you so upset? I am upset because I have such a stupid lazy brother like you. You're a stupid boy. You're a lazy boy. You are an ugly boy. Why are you so critical? Because we have different bodies. Look at me. I have a big, strong, round stomach. Do you know how I get to have such a strong stomach? No, big brother. How do you get to have such a big stomach? I get it by doing my exercises. What kind of exercises do you do, big brother? I do my exercises by eating. I eat lots of suckling big and crispy duck and lots of fatty foods. But look what you do. You get your exercises by running. And all you drink is water and tea and rice and cha-chai. That is not healthy food. You will not be able to have a big stomach like I have. Big brother, I think it's just that we have a different sense of body. But I know that you are a wise man. Well, I am just a stupid boy. That's right. Doctor every day. Oh, that is your problem. You should not go to see the doctor. The doctor is just trying to get your money. Stop going to the doctor. Do not go to doctors. Big brother, don't you believe in doctors? No, I don't believe in doctors. They just want to get your money. They just want to get money from people. He needs to pay for his big, expensive house. And his boat. And his car. He's under water. I will tell you what the doctor's health care plan is. The doctor goes to the devil every day. And he prays. He prays like this. I hope everyone in the world gets it. You'll have to come to me and take my medicine and pay me money. Is this health care plan? Everyone will get sick. If everyone gets well. The midwife to take her medicine. No, I don't take her medicine. But why do you go there? I go there to hug her and kiss her. Hugging and kissing is what makes me feel better. To hug and kiss her, that's my health care plan. Big brother, big brother, that is not right. It is not appropriate to hug and kiss the midwife. That is harassment. Stop, stop, stop. You should work in a big, messy Lexus car to my fancy air conditioned office in a high rise office tower. You should be like me. You're stressed out. Don't you remember? You are a rice farmer just like me. We are both poor peasants. We both work in the rice field. Just like you. I've been watching too much television about the lives of the rich and famous. And I thought I was one of them. From the Mahabharata. Do you know the Ramayana? Is Professor Collins here? Maybe she can tell me. In the Ramayana, the king is named Ramadeva. Ramadeva who? Ramadeva. And in the Ramayana, it is easy to tell the good people from the bad people. Oh, really? How do I tell the difference? Well, the good people are the kings and their people. And the enemy are the giants. Oh, OK. Is the Mahabharata different? Yes, big brother. In the Mahabharata, all the characters are people. The good characters and the bad characters. Most of them are friends and members of the same family. It is harder to tell who the enemy is. The Kaurava and the Pandava are all related. The kingdom is a big family. And they all fight each other, just like a family. When you hear about Residrona, the teacher, in the Sarasranga forest? Yes, big brother. Our king, Duryodhana, is very upset today. Oh, why is he upset? Because Residrona, the teacher, is going to test all the problems. Oh, will it be an examination? Yes, that is why our king is angry. Let's go watch. He is our king, Duryodhana. And he is the one who is so upset. Our king is head of the Kaurava family. And they are not interested in studying. They are different from the Pandava. The Pandava brothers want to learn. They want to study. They want to work hard. But our king just wants to have a good time. They want to go riding their motorbikes too fast. They want to go drinking in the bar. They just want to go dancing. Our king, Duryodhana.